商務(wù)翻譯實(shí)務(wù)-第一單元-商務(wù)翻譯概論

1、商務(wù)翻譯實(shí)務(wù),袁 洪 王濟(jì)華 主 編錢立武 趙繼榮 副主編,,,An Introduction to Business Translation,第一單元 商務(wù)翻譯概論,商務(wù)翻譯概論,本章概要,劍橋商務(wù)英語（BEC）考試大綱中有這樣一段描述：Business English is for business people who need to, or will soon need to, use English in thei

2、r work. It may also be used by adult students who will be entering the world of business at the end of their course of studies.（商務(wù)英語是從事或?qū)⒁獜氖律虅?wù)活動的人所使用的語言；也是行將畢業(yè)、即將進(jìn)入商界的大學(xué)生們將要使用的語言。）商務(wù)英語（Business English）就其語言本質(zhì)而言，是在商務(wù)領(lǐng)域內(nèi)經(jīng)常

3、使用的反映這一領(lǐng)域?qū)I(yè)活動的英語詞匯、句型、文體等的有機(jī)總和，是專門針對商務(wù)和商務(wù)活動的專業(yè)英語。（李太志，2006：7—8）,從整體上來說，商務(wù)英語不僅包括英語語音、語法、詞匯、語篇和跨文化知識等通用英語（English for General Purpose, EGP）所包含的基礎(chǔ)知識，還包括與商務(wù)有關(guān)的國際貨物貿(mào)易、國際服務(wù)貿(mào)易、國際技術(shù)貿(mào)易、國際投資融資、國際合作等商務(wù)知識，是一種專門用途英語（English for Speci

4、al Purpose, ESP）。（賀雪娟，2007：9）它是在商務(wù)活動環(huán)境中使用的功能性很強(qiáng)的專業(yè)英語。本單元主要介紹商務(wù)英語的語言特征及商務(wù)翻譯的有關(guān)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。,商務(wù)翻譯概論,本章重點(diǎn),教學(xué)重點(diǎn)：1. 掌握商務(wù)英語的語言特點(diǎn)；2. 掌握商務(wù)英語的翻譯標(biāo)準(zhǔn)；3. 掌握商務(wù)英語與通用英語的區(qū)別。,本章難點(diǎn),教學(xué)難點(diǎn)：商務(wù)英語中專業(yè)術(shù)語的翻譯。,§ PART ONE 認(rèn)識商務(wù)英語及商務(wù)翻譯,Task I 閱讀下列商務(wù)英語的

5、有關(guān)段落，體會商務(wù)英語（Business English）與通用英語（English for General Purposes）的區(qū)別。,1. [Through in-depth analysis (of advertising industry’s scale, chain, competitors and other comprehensive economic information)], we are able to provi

6、de our clients with important information for decision making,(?) this may include market size and growth; market demand; PEST analysis; analysis of advertising industry trends; appraisal of advertising industry chain; a

7、nd assessment of the industrial potentiality etc. (An Introduction to Starmass Dream Company) (p.2),【解析】商務(wù)英語與通用英語的本質(zhì)區(qū)別在于其專門性，體現(xiàn)在詞匯的專業(yè)性，語言的嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)性和簡潔性，商務(wù)英語專門用于解決商務(wù)活動中出現(xiàn)的各種問題。本部分參考譯文如下：1. 通過對廣告產(chǎn)業(yè)的規(guī)模、產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈、競爭對手和其他綜合經(jīng)濟(jì)信息的深入分析，我們?yōu)?/p>

8、客戶提供有助于決策的重要信息，包括市場規(guī)模與市場發(fā)展、市場需求，PEST（政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)、社會和技術(shù)）分析、廣告產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展趨勢分析，廣告產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈評估和廣告產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展?jié)撃茉u估。,,2. The Buyer hereby entrusts the Seller to insure the goods against W.P.A. and T.P.N.D. for 110% of the invoice value. The insurance

9、 premium should be borne by the Buyer. W.P.A.: With Particular Average, T.P.N.D.:Theft, Pilferage & Non-Delivery 3. The kinds (of trade nations engage in) are varied and complex, a mixture of visible and invisi

10、ble trade. Most nations are more dependent on exports than on any other activity. The earnings (from exports) pay for the imports (that they need and want). A nation’s balance of payment is a record (of these complex tra

11、nsactions). [By reflecting all of these transactions (in monetary terms)], a nation is able to combine the income (it receives, for example, from exports, tourists expenditures, and immigrant remittances). This combined

12、income is then spent on such items as manufactured goods (from other countries), travel (for its citizens to other countries), and the hiring (of construction engineers).,2. 買方委托賣方按發(fā)票全額的110%投保水漬險(xiǎn)和偷竊提貨不著險(xiǎn)，保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)由買方承擔(dān)。3

13、. 世界各國從事的貿(mào)易千差萬別，錯(cuò)綜復(fù)雜，有形貿(mào)易和無形貿(mào)易并存。大多數(shù)國家對出口的依賴，都大于對其他活動的依賴。出口所賺取(的外匯)用來支付進(jìn)口貨物(需要的費(fèi)用?)。一個(gè)國家的收支平衡就是這些錯(cuò)綜復(fù)雜的交易記錄。通過用貨幣形式來反映所有這些交易，一個(gè)國家能夠把比如出口、外國游客的花費(fèi)和移民匯款的收入?yún)R總在一起。這些收入?yún)R總起來，便可以支付諸如購買其他國家的制成品(產(chǎn)品？)、本國居民到其他國家(出國？)旅游和雇傭建筑工程師的費(fèi)用等。,M

14、odificatioin,3. 世界各國從事的貿(mào)易千差萬別，錯(cuò)綜復(fù)雜，有形貿(mào)易和無形貿(mào)易并存。大多數(shù)國家對出口的依賴，都大于對其他活動的依賴。出口所賺取的外匯用來支付所需的進(jìn)口貨物。一個(gè)國家的收支平衡就是這些錯(cuò)綜復(fù)雜的交易記錄。通過用貨幣形式來反映所有這些交易，一個(gè)國家能夠把比如出口、外國游客的花費(fèi)和移民匯款的收入?yún)R總在一起。這些收入?yún)R總起來，便可以支付諸如購買其他國家的產(chǎn)品、本國居民出國旅游和雇傭建筑工程師的費(fèi)用等。,§ P

15、ART TWO 商務(wù)翻譯熱身練習(xí),1. CBD 2. WTO 3. CIF

16、 4. FOB 5. FDI,Cash Before Delivery 付款后交單/ Central Business District 中央商務(wù)區(qū)2. World Trade Organization 世界貿(mào)易組織3.

17、 Cost, Insurance and Freight 成本、保險(xiǎn)加運(yùn)費(fèi)價(jià)（到岸價(jià)）4. Free on Board 船上交貨價(jià)/離岸價(jià)5. Foreign Direct Investment 外商直接投資,Task I 把下列縮略語的全稱及譯文填寫在橫線上。,6. Greenwich Mean Time 格林尼治標(biāo)準(zhǔn)時(shí)間7. Consumer Price Index 消費(fèi)者價(jià)格指數(shù)8. Gross Domestic P

18、roduct 國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值9. Bunker Surcharge 燃油附加費(fèi)（國內(nèi)許多地方如出租車上的翻譯“additional fuel fee”并非地道翻譯）10. Wholly Foreign-owned Enterprises 外資獨(dú)資企業(yè),6. GMT 7. CPI

19、 8. GDP 9. BSC

20、 10. WFOE,Task II 把下列句子翻譯成漢語。1.We are sorry to inform you .我們很遺憾地通知貴方，你方價(jià)格無競爭力。若貴方能將價(jià)格降至國際市場價(jià)格，我們?nèi)詫灰赘信d趣。（詞序調(diào)整）,2.[After thorough investigation of the damages], we found out >. The liability is certain

21、ly not on our side.經(jīng)過對貨物損害的全面調(diào)查，我方發(fā)現(xiàn)貨運(yùn)提單顯示船公司收到貨物時(shí)，外表良好。因此，該損害我方并無責(zé)任。（隱含邏輯關(guān)系）3.A firm offer is a kind of offer (which is made to a specific person or persons [to express or imply a definite intention of the offer] or

22、[to make a contract under a clear, complete and final trade terms]).[當(dāng)發(fā)盤針對一個(gè)或幾個(gè)特定的收盤人，明示或者暗示發(fā)盤人在明確、完整和最終的條件下訂立合同的明確意圖時(shí)]，該盤為實(shí)盤。（定語從句邏輯關(guān)系轉(zhuǎn)換）,4.[As the marketplace becomes truly global, as barriers of distance, time, lan

23、guage and regulation diminish [through the new communication technologies]], the level of competition among market participants has never been higher. [隨著市場的真正全球化，距離、時(shí)間、語言和法規(guī)等方面的障礙[通過全新的通信技術(shù)]變得越來越小]，市場參與者之間的競爭達(dá)到前所未有的激烈

24、程度。（搭配意義）,5. At Wal-mart, we understand how critical education is to the lives and well-being of all Americans. In 2009, Wal-mart and its Foundation gave more than $53 million to fund educational programs （in communities

25、 across the country）. [Through our scholarship programs alone], the Wal-mart Foundation awarded more than $9 million in academic scholarships [to help students afford higher education] in the 2010-2011 school year. [By s

26、upporting education], the Wal-mart Foundation ensures . 在沃爾瑪，我們理解教育對所有美國人民的生活和幸福的重要性。（詞性轉(zhuǎn)換）2009年，沃爾瑪及其基金會撥出5，300多萬美元支持全美社區(qū)教育項(xiàng)目。2010—2011學(xué)年，僅獎學(xué)金項(xiàng)目，我們沃爾瑪基金會提供的學(xué)術(shù)獎學(xué)金就超過900萬美元，幫助學(xué)生支付高等教育學(xué)費(fèi)。通過支持教育，沃爾瑪基金會確保將來的領(lǐng)軍人物現(xiàn)在就有機(jī)

27、會接受為獲得成功所需的素質(zhì)教育。 （具體—抽象）,§ PART THREE 商務(wù)英語語言特點(diǎn)Task I 閱讀下列短語，體會其語言特點(diǎn)。1. Clean bills of lading 清潔提單：清潔提單是指沒有在提單上對貨物的表面狀況作出貨損或包裝不良之類批注的提單，它表明承運(yùn)人在接收或者裝船時(shí)，該貨物的表面狀況良好。2. Special drawing rights特別提款權(quán)：是國際貨幣基金組織創(chuàng)設(shè)的

28、一種儲備資產(chǎn)和記帳單位，亦稱“紙黃金（Paper Gold）”。它是基金組織分配給會員國的一種使用資金的權(quán)利。會員國在發(fā)生國際收支逆差時(shí)，可用它向基金組織指定的其他會員國換取外匯，以償付國際收支逆差或償還基金組織的貸款，還可與黃金、自由兌換貨幣一樣充當(dāng)國際儲備。,專業(yè)化,3. Shipping advice 裝運(yùn)通知：裝運(yùn)通知是由賣方向買方發(fā)出的 貨物已經(jīng)于某年某月某日裝船的書面通知。4. Shipping inst

29、ructions裝運(yùn)須知：裝運(yùn)須知是買方就貨物裝運(yùn)的具體要求向賣方發(fā)出的書面通知。5. Marketing mix營銷組合：該概念由Neil Bordon提出，指企業(yè)根據(jù)顧客的需求和企業(yè)的營銷目標(biāo)來確定可控營銷因素的最佳組合。理查德·克萊維特教授把營銷組合要素歸納為產(chǎn)品、訂價(jià)、渠道、促銷四大要素。,Task II 閱讀下列句子，從語言規(guī)范方面討論商務(wù)英語的語言特點(diǎn)。(P.II)1.In witness where

30、of, the parties hereto have caused this agreement to be executed by their respective representatives on the date of January 1, 2010.2.This simply means that the company continues indefinitely, that the death or withdra

31、wal of a shareholder does not terminate the company existence, and that a shareholder does not have the power to compel or force dissolution.,3.Marketing occurs when people decide to satisfy needs and wants through exch

32、ange. Exchange is the act of obtaining a desired object from someone by offering something in return. Exchange is only one of many ways people can obtain a desired object.4.As prices continue to rise and consumers sear

33、ch for affordable ways to sustain the transitional economy, nearly 80 percent of U.S. households are shopping at Wal-Mart. Consumers across various income brackets are now taking advantage of Wal-Mart’s one-stop shopping

34、 convenience to purchase a wide assortment of consumer packaged goods at low prices.5.At your request, we have effected insurance on this consignment against All Risks and War Risk for US $ 1 million on June 1, 201

35、0.,規(guī)范化,【解析】商務(wù)英語具有規(guī)范化特征，語言統(tǒng)一、客觀，準(zhǔn)確傳遞作者意圖，規(guī)范性還體現(xiàn)在語言的正式性和合理性。第1題為合同用語，必須規(guī)范、準(zhǔn)確，用詞包括“whereof, hereto”等；第2題“the death or withdrawal of a shareholder”把各種可能情況都列舉出來；第3題為了使語言規(guī)范化并銜接，在第一句后馬上解釋什么是“exchange”；第4題采用描述性語言，準(zhǔn)確描述消費(fèi)現(xiàn)狀；第

36、5題的時(shí)間、金額書寫規(guī)范準(zhǔn)確?？傊?，規(guī)范化是商務(wù)英語的特點(diǎn)之一,Task II 譯文討論(P.4) 1.[In witness whereof], the parties hereto have caused this agreement to be executed [by their respective representatives] [on the date of January 1, 2010].茲證明，本協(xié)議由雙方各

37、自代表于2010年1月1日簽訂。2.This simply means that the company continues indefinitely, that the death or withdrawal of a shareholder does not terminate the company existence, and that a shareholder does not have the power to com

38、pel or force dissolution.也就是說，公司可以無限存續(xù)，股東的死亡和撤股并不能終止公司的存續(xù)，而且股東也不具有強(qiáng)行解散公司的權(quán)力。3.Marketing occurs [when people decide to satisfy needs and wants 【through exchange】]. Exchange is the act of obtaining a desired object from

39、 someone by offering something in return. Exchange is only one of many ways people can obtain a desired object.人們開始通過交換來滿足需求的時(shí)候就出現(xiàn)了營銷。所謂交換就是指從他人那里取得想要的物品，并以某種物品作為回報(bào)的行為。獲得想要物品的方式有多種， 交易只是其中之一。,4.[As prices continue

40、 to rise and consumers search for affordable ways to sustain the transitional economy], nearly 80 percent of U.S. households are shopping at Wal-Mart. Consumers (across various income brackets) are now taking advantage o

41、f Wal-Mart’s one-stop shopping convenience [to purchase a wide assortment of consumer packaged goods at low prices].[隨著價(jià)格持續(xù)上漲，消費(fèi)者尋求比較經(jīng)濟(jì)（劃算）的辦法來度過經(jīng)濟(jì)轉(zhuǎn)型期]，近（大約） 80%的美國家庭在沃爾瑪購物。(各種不同收入的)消費(fèi)者都利用沃爾瑪?shù)囊徽臼劫徫锉憷?，[以低價(jià)購買各種各樣的打包日用消費(fèi)品]

42、。5.[At your request], we have effected insurance (on this consignment) (against All Risks and War Risk) (for US $ 1 million) [on June 1, 2010]. 應(yīng)貴方要求，我方已[于2010年6月1日]為這批貨物投保了(價(jià)值為100萬美元的一切險(xiǎn)和戰(zhàn)爭險(xiǎn))。,Task III 閱讀下列句子，從語言結(jié)構(gòu)

43、穩(wěn)定性方面討論商務(wù)英語的語言特點(diǎn)。(P.4)1.It would be appreciated if you could quote your best prices of CIF London for Christmas decorations, and also let us know the earliest possible date you can make shipment.2.This contract is ma

44、de in a spirit of friendship and cooperation by and between Party A and Party B, whereby Party A shall invite Party B as an English teacher on the terms and conditions stipulated as follows:3.Neither party shall be hel

45、d responsible for failure or delay to perform all or any part of this Contract due to flood, fire, earthquake, snowstorm, hailstorm, hurricane, war, government prohibition or any other events that are unforeseeable at th

46、e time of the execution of this Contract and could not be controlled, avoided or overcome by such party.,程式化公式化,Task III 閱讀下列句子，從語言結(jié)構(gòu)穩(wěn)定性方面討論商務(wù)英語的語言特點(diǎn)。(P.4)1.It would be appreciated if you could quote your best prices o

47、f CIF London for Christmas decorations, and also let us know the earliest possible date you can make shipment.如貴公司能報(bào)圣誕飾品的最優(yōu)惠倫敦到岸價(jià)及最早交貨期，我方不勝感激。2.This contract is made in a spirit of friendship and cooperation by and be

48、tween Party A and Party B, whereby Party A shall invite Party B as an English teacher on the terms and conditions stipulated as follows:本著友好合作之精神，甲方聘請乙方為英語教師，甲乙雙方同意簽訂下列條款：3.Neither party shall be held responsible [for

49、failure or delay to perform all or any part of this Contract due to flood, fire, earthquake, snowstorm, hailstorm, hurricane, war, government prohibition or any other events (that are unforeseeable at the time of the exe

50、cution of this Contract and could not be controlled, avoided or overcome by such party)]. 任何一方如果由于洪水、火災(zāi)、地震、雪暴、雹暴、颶風(fēng)、戰(zhàn)爭、政府禁令或其他在合同執(zhí)行時(shí)無法預(yù)見并不能控制、不可避免或無法克服的事件致使不能或遲延履行合同的全部或一部分時(shí)，該方不承擔(dān)責(zé)任。,Task IV 閱讀下列短語，討論商務(wù)英語的語言特點(diǎn)。(P.4)1.

51、 CT: Cable transfer(computerized tomography?)2. POD: Pay on delivery 3. BOT: Balance of trade 4. SO: Shipping order5. VAX: Value added tax6. BRIC: Brazil, Russia, India, China 7.We have opened an irrevocable L/C N

52、o. 8868 for US$1 million in favor of Guangzhou Light Industry Group. 8.Last week Beijing paved the way for today’s further reforms when it approved a total of 13 foreign and domestic banks, including Britain’s HSBC and

53、 Standard Chartered, and ABN Amro, the Dutch group, to act as market-makers for trading in the yuan.,縮略語,1. CT: Cable transfer電匯：國際貿(mào)易常用術(shù)語。2. POD: Pay on delivery貨到付款：國際貿(mào)易常用術(shù)語。POD的全稱還可以是Print on demand，表示“按需打印/出版”的意思。

54、3. BOT: Balance of trade貿(mào)易差額：某一國家或地區(qū)某一時(shí)間段出口貨物、服務(wù)與進(jìn)口貨物、服務(wù)之差額。BOT還可用來表示Build-Operate-Transfer（建設(shè)、經(jīng)營、移交）項(xiàng)目，指政府授予投資企業(yè)享有一定期限的特許經(jīng)營權(quán)，許可其融資建設(shè)和經(jīng)營特定的公用基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施，并允許其通過向用戶收費(fèi)或出售產(chǎn)品以還貸、回收投資、賺取利潤等，在特許權(quán)期限屆滿時(shí)，該設(shè)施無償移交政府或業(yè)主。4. SO: Shipping or

55、der裝貨單：國際貿(mào)易常用術(shù)語。5. VAX: Value added tax增值稅：稅收的一種。,6. BRIC: Brazil, Russia, India, China金磚四國：“金磚四國”這一概念最早是由美國高盛公司首席經(jīng)濟(jì)師奧尼爾于2001年提出的。2003年10月，高盛公司發(fā)表了一份題為《與BRICs一起夢想》的全球經(jīng)濟(jì)報(bào)告。報(bào)告估計(jì)，到2050年，世界經(jīng)濟(jì)格局將會經(jīng)歷劇烈洗牌，全球新的六大經(jīng)濟(jì)體將變成中國、美國、

56、印度、日本、巴西、俄羅斯。巴西、俄羅斯、印度、中國的英文名稱（Brazil, Russia, India, China）的首字母合起來是BRIC，而BRIC的發(fā)音恰好與英文“磚塊”（BRICK）一詞類似，故這四個(gè)國家得譯名“金磚四國”。它們是新興市場的基礎(chǔ)代表，發(fā)展后勁強(qiáng)大。高盛公司提出“金磚四國”的概念，主要目的是為投資者指明未來最具投資機(jī)會的國家或地區(qū)。然而，經(jīng)過幾年的發(fā)展，“金磚四國”不再僅僅意味著投資機(jī)會，而是作為國際舞臺上的一

57、支重要力量受到關(guān)注。（《長江日報(bào)》2009. 6. 17）,7.We have opened an irrevocable L/C No. 8868 for US$1 million [in favor of Guangzhou Light Industry Group]. 7. L/C通常表示信用證。本句含義為：我方開立了編號為8868號的不可撤銷信用證，金額100萬美元，受益人為廣州輕工集團(tuán)。,8.Last week Beij

58、ing paved the way for today’s further reforms [when it approved a total (of 13 foreign and domestic banks, including Britain’s HSBC and Standard Chartered, and ABN Amro, the Dutch group), to act as market-makers (for tra

59、ding in the yuan).HSBC全稱為Hong Kong and Shanghai Banking Corporation，漢語為匯豐銀行。ABN Amro Bank是指Algemene Bank Nederland (ABN)與Amsterdam-Rotterdam Bank (AMRO Bank)合并，成為現(xiàn)在的荷蘭銀行(ABN AMRO Bank)。本句含義為：北京上周為今天的進(jìn)一步改革鋪平了道路：批準(zhǔn)了13家外資

60、和國內(nèi)銀行作為人民幣交易的做市商，(這些銀行)包括英國的匯豐銀行和渣打銀行以及荷蘭銀行。做市商指證券市場上具備一定實(shí)力和信譽(yù)的證券經(jīng)營法人作為特許交易商。又稱造市商，指金融市場上一些獨(dú)立的證券交易商，為投資者承擔(dān)某一只證券的買進(jìn)和賣出。,Task V 閱讀下列句子，注意數(shù)字與詞匯的精確度，討論商務(wù)英語的語言特點(diǎn)。1.Party A shall be able to supply the goods in the contract

61、 on or before Sept. 10 so that they may reach the US before Christmas rush season. 2.Party A shall pay Party B a monthly salary of US$ 5000 (SAY FIVE THOUSAND US DOLLARS ONLY).3.Generally, in a sales contract, the in

62、sured amount is 110% or 120% of the contracted prices of the consignment. 4.Within 30 days after the signing and coming into effect of this contract, the Buyer shall proceed to pay the price for the goods to the Seller

63、 by opening a confirmed irrevocable L/C for the full amount of US$ 880,000 in favor of the Seller through a bank at export port.,準(zhǔn)確性,1.Party A shall be able to supply the goods in the contract on or before Sept. 10 so t

64、hat they may reach the US before Christmas rush season. 甲方應(yīng)在9月10日或之前交貨，以便貨物能在圣誕購物高峰之前到達(dá)美國。 2.Party A shall pay Party B a monthly salary of US$ 5000 (SAY FIVE THOUSAND US DOLLARS ONLY).甲方須每月支付乙方工資5 000美元（大寫：伍仟美元整

65、）。,3.Generally, in a sales contract, the insured amount is 110% or 120% of the contracted prices of the consignment.在銷售合同中，保險(xiǎn)額通常是合同貨價(jià)加上10%或20%（保險(xiǎn)額通常是合同貨價(jià)的110%或120%）。4.[Within 30 days after the signing and coming into

66、 effect of this contract], the Buyer shall proceed to pay the price for the goods to the Seller [by opening a confirmed irrevocable L/C for the full amount of US$ 880,000 in favor of the Seller through a bank at export p

67、ort]. 買方必須[于合同簽字并生效后30天內(nèi)][通過出口地銀行開立以賣方為受益人的保兌不可撤銷信用證]支付全部貨款[總計(jì)88萬美元]。,Task VI 閱讀下列短語，討論商務(wù)英語的語言特征，注意斜體詞匯的特征。(P.5)1.In general, when disputes arise between exporter and importer, it can be settled through friendly consu

68、ltation, litigation or arbitration. Friendly negotiation or mediation is the best method of all and beneficial to both parties. The majority of the disputes are settled by this way and friendly business relations are thu

69、s maintained between importers and exporters. If the disputes cannot be settled through amicable negotiation or mediation, arbitration will be the next best alternative, as the litigation is usually costly and time-consu

70、ming.2.We hereby certify that this invoice is true and correct, and in accordance with our books, also that the goods shipped are produced in Guangzhou, China and comply with Rules of Origin of the People’s Republic of