friendship課件4

1、Unit 1　Friendship　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　 第四學(xué)時　Grammar,語法精講,直接引語和間接引語（1）【觀察領(lǐng)悟】觀察領(lǐng)悟下列句子，找出其規(guī)律。1．a(chǎn). She said，“I don't want to set down a series of facts in a diary as most people do.” b．She said (t

2、hat) she didn't want to set down a series of facts in a diary as most people did.,,4．a(chǎn). She said, “My brother wants to go with me.” b．She said her brother wanted to go with her. 5 a

3、. He said to Kate，“ How is your sister now？” b．He asked Kate how her sister was then.,b．He said that he had seen her the night before.,3．a(chǎn). Mary said, “I'm hungry.” b．Mary said she was hungry.,2．a(chǎn). He sa

4、id，“I saw her last night.”,7．a(chǎn). She said, “ I lost a pen.” b．She said that she had lost a pen.8．a(chǎn). She said to me, “ Are you interested in science？” b．She asked me if I was interested in science.,b．The gir

5、l said that she liked English very much.,6．a(chǎn). The girl said, “ I like English very much.”,【自我歸納】以上的例句中a組是________ ，前后要加引號；b組是________，不用加引號，而用賓語從句或復(fù)合賓語來表達。一、定義 直接引述別人的原話叫直接引語；用自己的話轉(zhuǎn)述別人的話叫間接引語。間接引語在多數(shù)情況下構(gòu)成賓語從句。

6、,直接引語,間接引語,二、變化 直接引語如果改為間接引語，須在連接詞、人稱、時態(tài)、狀語、個別指示代詞和動詞等方面做相應(yīng)的變化。1．連接詞的選擇 (1)直接引語是陳述句，變?yōu)殚g接引語時，常變成由that引導(dǎo) 的賓語從句。在口語中that可以省略。 The little boy said，“I was playing with my toys when someo

7、ne knocked at the door.”,小男孩說：“我在玩我的玩具，這時有人敲門?！?直接引語為陳述句)→The little boy said (that) he was playing with his toys when someone knocked at the door.小男孩說，他在玩他的玩具，那時有人敲門。(間接引語為that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句),(2) 直接引語是一般疑問句、選擇疑問句或反義疑問句時，間

8、 接 引語中用whether(...or...或．..or not)或if引導(dǎo)。,Mother said to her daughter，“Are you satisfied with your new room？”媽媽對她的女兒說：“你對你的新房間滿意嗎？”(直接引語為一般疑問句)→Mother asked her daughter whether/if she was satisfied with her new

9、 room.媽媽問她女兒是否對她的新房間滿意。(間接引語改為由whether/if引導(dǎo)的賓語從句),(3) 直接引語為特殊疑問句時，間接引語仍用原句中的特殊疑問詞來引導(dǎo)，其余的變化遵照直接引語和間接引語之間的轉(zhuǎn)換規(guī)則來進行。,“When will the sports meet be held？”he said. 他說：“什么時候舉行運動會？”(直接引語為特殊疑問句)→He asked when the sports meet w

10、ould be held.他問什么時候舉行運動會。(間接引語改為由特殊疑問詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句),2．人稱的變化直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語時，人稱代詞要根據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)述人立場的變化作相應(yīng)的改變。(記憶口訣)一隨主，二隨賓，第三人稱不更新。(1)“一隨主”。指在直接引語變間接引語時，如果從句中的主語是第一人稱或被第一人稱所修飾。從句中的人稱要按照主句中主語的人稱變化。Mary said，“I want to have a computer of m

11、y own.”,注意：疑問句的直接引語變間接引語時，要注意：(1)如果主句中謂語動詞是said，則將其改為asked。(2)要把疑問語序變成陳述語序。,瑪麗說，“我想有一臺我自己的電腦?！薄鶰ary said that she wanted to have a computer of her own.瑪麗說她想擁有一臺自己的電腦。,(2)“二隨賓”。指直接引語變間接引語時，若從句中的主語及賓語是第二人稱或被第二人稱所修飾，從句中

12、的人稱要跟引號外的主句的賓語一致。Her colleague said to her，“Who did you ask for a leave？”她的同事對她說，“你向誰請了假？”→Her colleague asked her who she had asked for a leave.,她的同事問她向誰請了假。,(3)“第三人稱不更新”。指直接引語變間接引語時，如果從句中的主語及賓語是第三人稱或被第三人稱所修飾，從句中的人稱一

13、般不需要變化。The workers said，“The leaders often make the workers work extra hours.”工人們說：“領(lǐng)導(dǎo)經(jīng)常讓工人們加班。”→The workers said that the leaders often made the workers work extra hours.,工人們說領(lǐng)導(dǎo)經(jīng)常讓工人們加班。,3．時態(tài)的變化,His friend said to hi

14、m，“We are planning to have a picnic.”他的朋友對他說：“我們計劃去野餐?！?直接引語為現(xiàn)在進行時)→His friend told him that they were planning to have a picnic.他的朋友告訴他說，他們計劃去野餐。(間接引語為過去進行時)The organizer said，“We have begun our plan.”組織者說：“我們已開始了我

15、們的計劃?！?直接引語為現(xiàn)在完成時)→The organizer said that they had begun their plan.,組織者說，他們已開始了他們的計劃。(間接引語為過去完成時),注意：直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語時，時態(tài)不發(fā)生變化的情況：(1)直接引語是客觀真理、諺語和格言時。(2)直接引語中有具體的過去的某年、某月、某日作狀語，變?yōu)殚g接引語時，時態(tài)不變。(3)主句的謂語時態(tài)為現(xiàn)在進行時態(tài)。4．指示詞、狀語及動詞

16、的變化,跟蹤練習(xí),Zhou Lan said that______________ it after class.,2．He said，“I was born in 1995.” He said that he______________1995.,一、將下列句子由直接引語變成間接引語1．Zhou Lan said，“I'll do it after class.”,was born in,she would do

17、,5．She said，“Is your father an engineer？” She ________me __________father __________an engineer.,3．He said，“I promise I won't say anything until I hear from you.” He said that ____________________

18、say anything until he heard from me.4．He said to me，“I can't find my book.” He told me that ______________ book.,he promised he wouldn't,he couldn't find his,asked,was,if my,6．Th

19、e teacher said to Li Ming，“Have you finished your homework？” The teacher ________Li Ming ______________ homework.7．He said，“I was driving carefully when the accident,He said

20、that ______________________ when the accident happened.,asked,if he had finished his,_,____,he had been driving carefully,______,________,________,_______,8．“Amy，have you seen my blue notebook？”Peter asked.

21、 Peter Amy _______________ blue notebook.,_________,二、完成下列句子,asked,if she had seen his,1．他告訴母親如果有足夠的時間，他會去游泳。He ________his mother that if he ________enough time，he____________________ .

22、,told,had,would go swimming,2．他問我們湯姆是那天還是那天的前一天離開的。 He ________us ________Tom________ that day or ____________.3．他對我說：“我把書留在你的房間里了?！?He _______me，“________the book in ________room.”,asked,w

23、hether,had left,the day before,said to,I left,your,4．父親問彼得：“你昨晚什么時候睡覺的？” Father __________Peter，“______________to bed ____________？”5．小女孩大聲回答道：“太陽從東邊升起，西邊落下！” The little girl _______________l

24、oudly，“The sun________in the east and ________in the west！”,三、語法填空,asked,When did you go,last night,replied/answered,rises,sets,6.______next week and that he didn't know how many times he7._

25、_______ (fail) and 8.________he could catch up with others and hoped that his father 9.________(will) not give him too much pressure from10.________on.,to be and 4.___________ he'd like to be a lawyer. Li Ping told

26、his father that there,Li Ping told me 1._______he 2.________(have) a talk with his father two days before. His father asked him 3.________he wanted,that,had had,what,whether/if,5. ________ be an exam,would,the,had faile

27、d,how,would,then,2．The doctor asked him how he is feeling then. ________________________________________________3．The woman asked the policeman that he could tell her how to get to the nearest restau

28、rant. _________________________________________________,四、單句改錯 1．I told him that I lost my money and that I would find it. _______________________________________________,lost→had lost,is→was,that→if/whether

29、,5．My friend asked me what he was doing at 9∶00 am the day before. ___________________________________________________,4．The woman asked him why he has to sleep in the open air. _______________