船舶外文翻譯--一個有助于船舶的仿真模型（原文）

1、SHIP SIMULATION MODELS: A N AID TO HARBOR DESIGN By R. P. Dallinga,1 Th. Elzinga,2 and R. H. M. Huijsmans3 ABSTRACT: In the design and development of ports, cost-benefit analyses are often used to select the final desi

2、gn. These analyses show on the one hand the costs, i.e., capital and maintenance costs for dredging and investment costs, and on the other hand the benefits of a larger transport volume. The economy of a port is subst

3、antially influenced by the dimensions of approach channels and port entrances. To determine optimal dimensions of a harbor, the vessels that will call at the port have to be considered, because the channel and port di

4、mensions are largely influenced by the behavior of the vessels. In the pre- diction of ship motions, simulation techniques have proven to be adequate tools. Two such simulation techniques are discussed: one related to h

5、orizontal ship motions; the other related to vertical ship motions. INTRODUCTION In designing and developing a port, the harbor dimensions, which guarantee safe operation of vessels, have to be established. These di- m

6、ensions are dependent on the behavior of the vessels that call at the port, so special knowledge of the behavior of vessels is required. In general, the behavior of a vessel arriving at or departing from a port is infl

7、uenced by the way it is controlled and by environmental dis- turbances as shown in Fig. 1. The control of a vessel depends on the perceptive abilities of a ship's navigator, his possibilities and actions in controll

8、ing a vessel, and the response characteristics of the vessel in question. Environmental distur- bances such as wind, waves, currents, mud, and banks also affect the behavior of a vessel. Quite often in a specific desig

9、n study for a port, not enough infor- mation is available on the behavior of a particular vessel under particular circumstances. In such cases, simulation models are frequently used to predict the vessel's behavior

10、. Whenever using simulation models, three important stages can be dis- tinguished: (1) The representation of the prototype problem in the model; (2) the determination of the behavior of a vessel; and (3) the interpre- t

11、ation of the results of the model and its implementation into the fairway dimensions of the prototype situation. 'Project Mgr., NSMB, the Ede/Wageningen Laboratories of Maritime Research Institute Netherlands, P.O.

12、 Box 28, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands. 2Project Mgr., NSMB, Ede/Wageningen Laboratories of Maritime Research In- stitute Netherlands, P.O. Box 28, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands. Scientific Officer, NSMB, Ede

13、/Wageningen Laboratories of Maritime Research Institute Netherlands, P.O. Box 28, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands. Note.—Discussion open until August 1, 1986. To extend the closing date one month, a written request

14、 must be filed with the ASCE Manager of Journals. The manuscript for this paper was submitted for review and possible publication on February 20, 1985. This paper is part of the Journal of Waterway, Port, Coastal and

15、Ocean Engineering, Vol. 112, No. 2, March; 1986. ©ASCE, ISSN 0733-950X/ 86/0002-0255/$01.00. Paper No. 20469. 255 Downloaded 08 Jan 2012 to 222.205.29.173. Redistribution subject to ASCE license or copyright. Visit

16、 http://www.ascelibrary.orging fast-time simulation models. The relation to fairway dimensioning is also discussed. HORIZONTAL SHIP MOTIONS Introduction.—Nowadays several ship-handling simulators, consist- ing of a mock

17、-up of a ship's bridge, a computer, and large visual scen- ery, are in use. All available instruments normally used for real navi- gation, e.g., a ship's radar, are also available on such large-scale or full- mis

18、sion simulators (Fig. 2). The behavior of the vessels in the horizontal plane, including the ef- fects of environmental disturbances like the ones shown in Fig. 1, are described mathematically. Examples of applying mane

19、uvering simula- tors in port and fairway design are given in Refs. 4, and 3. Environmental Disturbances.—When applying simulation models, it has to be decided which specific environmental disturbances to include in the

20、 model. Currents, wind, waves (swell), banks, and shallow water, and the prevailing mud conditions can all have a clear effect on the ship's behavior. The effects of mud on the maneuvering characteristics of large

21、VLCCs was the subject of a recent experimental test program, reported by Sell- meijer, et al. (12). The maneuvering equations, describing the ship's be- havior, were adapted according to the experimental test result

22、s. Simu- lation experiments were performed on the maneuvering simulator at MARIN to investigate the effects of mud on the maneuvering perfor- mance of VLCCs and the possible strategy adopted by pilots (7). Medium Scale

23、Simulators.—Large-scale, medium-scale, and small-scale (or micro) simulators are in use nowadays. A microsimulator generally consists of a microcomputer, a single visual display unit (VDU), and a unit to control the v

24、essel. Recently, a medium-scale simulator, the so-called Panoramic-View- Simulator (PANSIM), was developed by MARIN. The PANSIM consists of three minicomputers, i.e., one PDP 11/44 and two PDP 11/34, which are also use

25、d for the large-scale simulators of MARIN, up to three visual display units (vector scan type), and a control unit for rudder, engine, bow thruster, and possibly tug boats. An example of the PANSIM con- figuration with

26、 only one VDU is displayed in Fig. 3(a); Fig. 3(b) shows an example of the image on the VDU. FIG. 2.—Interior of Large-Scale Ship-Handling Simulator at MARIN 257 Downloaded 08 Jan 2012 to 222.205.29.173. Redistribution