大學(xué)優(yōu)質(zhì)課件精選——英語寫作1chapter1

1、,《大學(xué)英語寫作》,,執(zhí)教教師：XXX,,,Welcome to my class,What elements do you think are important for writing in a foreign language?,Vocabulary? Grammar? Ideas? Attitude? Practice? Form?,The more I’m involved, the more I’ll learn.

2、,Tell me and I forget; show me and I remember; involve me and I understand.,Suggestion,Just Write and Rewrite. Don’t be afraid of making mistakes. Read and reread. Memorize. (wise sayings, proverbs, and beautiful p

3、aragraphs),Warnings,Do not let our mother tongue affect our English writing. 不要讓漢語影響我們的英語寫作。Be careful and clear-sighted.,Warnings,Do not be eager for quick success and instant benefit. 不要急功近利。Be patient and hard-wor

4、king.,A Basic Course in Writing英語寫作基礎(chǔ)教程,Instructor: Zhang LihongEmail: 541862344@qq.com,教材介紹,,《英語寫作基礎(chǔ)教程》(A Basic Course in Wring)，主編(Chief editors)：丁往道、吳冰等， 高等教育出版社(Higher Education Press)1998年版。本書是作者在總結(jié)自已幾十年豐富的英

5、語寫作教學(xué)經(jīng)驗，研究近年國內(nèi)外英語寫作教學(xué)方法的基礎(chǔ)上推出的新作。這本書是2010年出版的第三版，全書共分8章，分別講解了文稿格式和標(biāo)點符號，選詞，造句，段落，摘要，作文，應(yīng)用文以及學(xué)術(shù)論文的寫作的用法。,《英語寫作基礎(chǔ)教程(第三版)》用清晰、淺易的英語寫成,宗旨是幫助學(xué)生掌握英語寫作的基本知識(basic knowledge)和基本技巧(basic skills),提高英語寫作水平。與同類書相比,本書突出了實用和多舉范例的特點,所選范

6、文既有英、美作家的作品,又有中國學(xué)生的習(xí)作,易于學(xué)習(xí)模仿。第三版中的練習(xí)設(shè)計更加生動活潑,針對性(pertinence)更強(qiáng)。,教材介紹,具體的學(xué)習(xí)內(nèi)容,第一章 文稿格式和標(biāo)點符號(Manuscript Form and Punctuation)第二章 用詞(Using Proper Words)第三章 造句(Making Correct and Effective Sentences)第四章　段落(Developing Pa

7、ragraphs)第五章 摘要(Summarizing)第六章　完整的作文(Composing Essays)第七章　應(yīng)用文(Writing for Practical Purposes) 第八章 學(xué)術(shù)論文寫作(Preparing Research Papers),Outline,About the CourseManuscript Form,About the Course,1. Some Requirement

8、s on This Course2. Final Examination3. Guiding Ideas on English writing4. Classroom activities 　　 5. Outside drills and examinations,,1. Some Requirements on This Course,1) Attend every writing lesson;2) Devote your

9、 efforts to meeting the requirements of this course;3) Be active in class (Volunteers are always welcome & will be given more);4) Finish assignments in time;5) Prepare two exercise books, one for in-class exercise

10、s; the other for after-class exercises;,2. Your final grade/marks depend on,1) Class attendance and classroom performance & your accomplishment of the assignments accounts for 30%;2) Final exam accounts for 70%,Guid

11、ing Ideas on English writing,1) The ideas of your articles can only come from your daily accumulation of extensive reading and your thinking;2) Good articles come from your arduous practice;3) Your teacher’s role is to

12、 stimulate your interests in writing;4).Your teacher’s task is to teach you some techniques on writing and design suitable writing tasks for you to practice;,5) Your teacher will not correct your compositions word by wo

13、rd, but judge them as a whole. 6) You can know how to write good articles not through your teacher’s correcting the grammar mistakes in your exercises, but through your daily practice.7) Writing cannot be simplified

14、to a set of rules or guideline, and people can never learn to write once and for all, because works change according to the people, purposes, and places involved.,,Classroom activities,Text presentation (writing type, wr

15、iting background, theme of the text, structure of the text) Text appreciation (wordings, writing techniques, rhetorical [r?’t?:r?k?l] devices修辭手法 , etc.) Exercises (word study, paraphrasing, passage-writing, etc.),E)

16、Outside drills and examinations,1. Written exercises (printed out, handed in, corrected by tutors) 2. Mid-term and final exams (taken in given time and graded by tutors,,Chapter 1 Manuscript Form and Punctuation,Manu

17、script Form,Arrangement Word DivisionCapitalization PunctuationCorrection symbols,Focus 1 Manuscript Form (P1),Arrangement1. two centimeters at the top2. two centimeters at the bottom3. one and a half centimeters

18、on the left4. one and a half centimeters on the right,Arrangement,,Arrangement,,How to Write the Title of a Composition,1. General Principles of Writing the Title 1) Write the title in the middle of the first line of

19、 a page;2) Capitalize the key words in the title (including words following hyphens in compound words);3) Not capitalize articles (a, an, the), coordinating conjunctions (and, or, but, nor, for, ), short prepositions (

20、in, on, at, to, for..), nor the to in infinitives; but if one of them is at the beginning or at the end of a title, it should be capitalized;,,4) No period is used at the end of a title; (Use a question mark if the ti

21、tle is a direct question, but do not use one if it is an indirect question);5) the title of a book within the topic should be underlined (italicized in printing). 6) the title of an article put between quotation marks

22、. ?Note: You can capitalize each letter of the words in the title (full capitalization), or you can capitalize the initial letter of key words in the title.,Practice,Think out 3-4 titles of compositions,Can Money Buy H

23、appiness?A Major Advantage of Advertising on TelevisionOn College Students Taking Part-Time JobsMy Idea of Becoming a Teacher in the FutureMy Idea on Private Cars,,Task 1 P2,,where i lived, and what i lived forare

24、transgenic crops safe?well-known dramatists of the ming dynastya day to rememberapproaches to teaching english as a foreign languagecriticisms on the ending of mark twain’s adventures of huckleberry finn,Answers to t

25、ask 1,,Where I Lived, and What I Lived For Are Transgenic Crops Safe?Well-Known Dramatists of the Ming DynastyA Day to RememberApproaches to Teaching English as a Foreign LanguageCriticisms on the Ending of Mark Twa

26、in’s Adventures of Huckleberry Finn,Please correct the following titles if they are wrong.,My First Visit To The Palace MuseumThe People without a Country. Dickens and David Copperfield What Can the Artist Do in the

27、World of TodayWhat Reform Means to China? The Myth of a Negro LiteratureThe English-speaking People in Quebec,Please correct the following titles if they are wrong.,My First Visit to the Palace MuseumThe People With

28、out a CountryDickens and David Copperfield What Can the Artist Do in the World of Today?What Reform Means to ChinaThe Myth of a “Negro Literature”The English-Speaking People in Quebec,Focus 1 Manuscript Form (P1),Wo

29、rd division1. one syllable 單音節(jié)2. two or more syllable 雙音節(jié) One-syllable words like thought, park cannot be divided; we can divide two or more syllable words according to the formation of syllables: in·sist, san&

30、#183;dal, trans·la·tion, re·peat·ed,Word Division,The general principle of dividing a word according to its syllables.1. A stress closed syllable takes a consonant with it ,we should divide the word

31、 after the consonant, such as gratify2. Do not write one letter of a word at the end or at the beginning of a line, even if that one letter makes up a syllable, such as a-wake, rain-y;3.Do not put a two-letter syllab

32、le at the beginning of a line, like hat-ed, cab-in;,4.Avoid separating proper names of people or places, such as Chi-na, Pa-ris;5.Divide hyphenated words only at the hyphen: sister-in-law, second-handed, well-known;6.

33、Do not divide words in a way that may mislead the reader: re-ally, pea-cock;7.Do not divide the last word on a page; you may write the whole word on the next page;,8. Divide words with prefixes or suffixes between the

34、prefix or suffix and the base part of the word, such as develop-ment, un-like, careful-ness, ir-regular,9.Divide two-syllables words with double consonants between the two consonants: set-ting, quar-rel, bet-ter.10.

35、The last word of a page should not be divided,,,Division of words is not always easy. When we are not sure, we should consult a dictionary. In some dictionaries syllabication is indicated by a dot; as in the examples giv

36、en above, in others by a space: to geth er sum mer,Focus 1 Manuscript Form (P1),Capitalization 1. proper names 2. key words in titles 3. the first words of sentences,Capitalization,? Capitalize the first words

37、 of a sentence Not only a complete sentence, but a sentence fragment treated as a sentence in order to create a special effect in some novels/prose, should begin with a capital letter. For example

38、: Money. Money. Money. It makes the world go round. ? Capitalize the title /a work of art(藝術(shù)作品） ? Capitalize proper nouns and their abbreviations Proper nouns are the names of specific people, p

39、laces, or things, names that set off the individual form the species. The following are all proper nouns:,,,Exercises1. Miss Johnson said When you write an essay you should pay attention to both content and lan

40、guage2. When you write an essay she said you should pay attention to both content and language”,,The answer: 1. Miss Johnson said, “When you write an essay, you should pay attention to both content and language

41、.”2. “When you write an essay,” she said, “you should pay attention to both content and language.”,,3. When you write an essay you should pay attention to both content and language the teacher said.4. Miss Johnson advi

42、sed us to pay attention to both content and language when we wrote an essay.,,The answer:3. “When you write an essay, you should pay attention to both content and language,” the teacher said.4. Miss Johnson advised us

43、to “pay attention to both content and language” when we wrote an essay.,,●These examples show:1) The subject and verb of saying before the quotation are often followed by a comma, sometimes by a colon;2) A complete se

44、ntence within quotation marks after the verb of saying begins with a capital letter and ends with a full stop;,,3) If the quoted sentence is broken into two parts and put between two pairs of quotation marks, with the su

45、bject and verb of saying placed between them, the first part ends with a comma, the second part does not begin with a capital letter (unless the first words is a proper name), and the whole sentence ends with a full stop

46、;,,4) If the quoted sentence is put before the subject and verb of saying, it ends with a comma, and the verb of saying is followed by a full stop;5) If the quoted words are a phrase instead of a complete sentence, the

47、phrase is treated as part of the whole sentence.,Handwriting (P4),Write carefully so that your handwriting can be read easily. Be sure to make your capitals a little bigger and higher than your small letters.,Focus 2 P

48、unctuation (P4),Why do we punctuate sentences?,下雨天留客天天留我不留,Look at the sentence:,下雨,天留客,天天留,我不留（天天下雨，我已經(jīng)不想留）下雨天,留客天,天留我?不留!（下雨與天留人無關(guān)）下雨天,留客天,天留,我不留!（主人不讓留）下雨天,留客天,天!留我不?留!（自己做不了主，主人和天留客了）下雨，天留客？天！天留我？不留！下雨天留客？天

49、天留？我不！留？（猶豫不決型的客人）下雨天留客？天！天留我不留?。ㄖ魅朔遣蛔屃簦┫掠晏?，留客天，天留我不？留！（還是天讓留?。。?Woman without her man is nothing,Woman! without her, man is nothing!Woman, without her man, is nothing!,Punctuation exists to help us make sense of t

50、he words we read or write.,Focus 2 Punctuation (P4),The comma (,)逗號The period (.)句號The semicolon (;)分號The colon (:)冒號The question mark (?)問號The exclamation mark (!)感嘆號Quotation mark (“”)雙引號Parentheses/brackets (()

51、)雙括號Square brackets(【】)方括號The dash(-)破折號The slash (/)斜杠Underlining and italics 下劃線和斜體,Attention !,,1. Never begin with a comma(,),a period(.), a colon(:), a question mark (?), an exlamation mark(!)2. Never ends w

52、ith 【 “ ( -,⒈ 漢語中的某些標(biāo)點符號為英語所沒有。,⑴ 頓號（、）：頓號在漢語中起分割句子中的并列成分的作用；英語中沒有頓號，分割句中的并列成分多用逗號。如： She slowly, carefully, deliberately moved the box. 注意：類似的情況下，最后一個逗號后可加and，這個逗號也可省略--She slowly, carefully(,) and deliberately mov

53、ed the box.,⒈ 漢語中的某些標(biāo)點符號為英語所沒有。,⑵ 書名號（《》）：英文沒有書名號，書名、報刊名用斜體或者下劃線表示。如： Hamlet / Hamlet 《哈姆雷特》 Winter's Tale / Winter's Tale 《冬天的童話》 The New York Times / The New York Times 《紐約時報》 另外，英語中文章、詩歌、樂曲、電影、繪畫等的名稱和交通

54、工具、航天器等的專有名詞也常用斜體來表示。,⒈ 漢語中的某些標(biāo)點符號為英語所沒有。,⑶ 間隔號（?）：漢語有間隔號，用在月份和日期、音譯的名和姓等需要隔開的詞語的正中間，如"一二?九"、“奧黛麗?赫本（人名）“等。英語中沒有漢語的間隔號，需要間隔時多用逗號。,⒈ 漢語中的某些標(biāo)點符號為英語所沒有。,⑷ 著重號：有時漢語用在文字下點實心圓點表示需要強(qiáng)調(diào)的詞語，這些實心點就是著重號。而英語中沒有這一符號，需強(qiáng)調(diào)某

55、些成分時可借助文字斜體、某些強(qiáng)調(diào)性詞匯、特殊句型、標(biāo)點停頓等多種方法。,⒉ 英語中的某些標(biāo)點符號為漢語所沒有。,⑴ 撇號--Apostrophe（‘）[?’ p?str?fi:] ： 該符號主要表示①所有格，如Shakespear‘s plays / the boy’s book； ②數(shù)字、符號、字母或詞形本身的復(fù)數(shù)，如The teacher had only four A's in his class.; ③省略了字

56、母、數(shù)字或單詞，如let's（=let us）/ I've（=I have）。,⑵ 連字號--Hyphen（-）：該符號主要用于以下幾種情況。①復(fù)合詞，如world- famous。②派生詞的詞綴與詞根或詞之間，如co-worker。③兩個比分、比賽對手、地名、人名、數(shù)字之間，可視情況譯為“比”“對”“至”等。④單詞移行，把在一行寫不開的單詞按音節(jié)移到下一行。,⒉ 英語中的某些標(biāo)點符號為漢語所沒有。,⑶

57、 斜線號--Slash（/）：該符號主要起分割作用，如It could be for staff and / or students. 也常用于標(biāo)音，如bed /bed/。,⒊ 某些符號在漢英兩種語言中的形式不同。,⑴ 中文的句號是空心圈（。），英文的句號是實心點（.）。⑵ 英文的省略號是三個點（...），位置在行底；中文的為六個點（......），居于行中。在美國英語中，如果省略號恰好在句尾，就用四個點，如I'd li

58、ke to...that is...if you don't mind.... ⑶ 英文的破折號是（-），中文的是（--）。,Punctuation,The general uses of punctuations: 1) Put one space after punctuation;2) Put no space before punctuation, but always put a space between

59、words;Exceptions: a. put 2 spaces after colon (:) and between sentences, b. put no space after periods/stops (.) inside abbreviations, c. put no space before or after an apostrophe (——),

60、 d. put no space on the “inside” of parentheses[ ( ) ].3) Put end-of-sentence punctuation inside quotation marks (“ ”); E.g.: ---“Did you go the zoo yesterday?” she asked her son. ---“Yes, I did,” he sa

61、id. “I had a good time there.”,4) Put commas (,) and other punctuation outside of parentheses;5) Put a comma & a space before and, but, or, nor when they join 2 dependent clauses within a sentence;6) If you use a

62、n adj.-plus-noun/adv.-adj./… phrase to modify another noun, this kind of phrase should be joined with hyphen (-), (e.g.: two-part solution; ),7) Names of newspapers, books, movies, ships, magazines, journals, and poem

63、s are usually italicized or underlined; 8) Ellipsis(…) is used to show that something has been omitted (three dots only);9) The semicolon (;) is not used widely in English and probably should be avoided by non-native

64、 speakers/writers’,Comma (逗號 “，” ) 在英語中，引起直接引語的說明以及一般函件開頭的稱呼語等一類用語后都用逗號，而不象漢語那樣用冒號。（但美國用冒號）。逗號是英文寫作中最常用的標(biāo)點符號。對中國學(xué)生而言，也是最容易出錯的地方。因為以中國人寫作的思維，只要一句話意思沒完，便要用逗號，而對于英文寫作，只要句子結(jié)構(gòu)完整便要用句號。例如：,Punctuation 標(biāo)點符號,逗號誤用：I set ou

65、t for the biggest bookstore in town, at the school gate I saw a girl of my class, she was going there, too, we decided to go together, we walked, the bookstore was not far away.正確的句子：I set out for the biggest bookstore

66、in town. At the school gate I saw a girl of my class. She was going there, too. We decided to go together. We walked. The bookstore was not far away.(我開始去城里最大的書店。 在學(xué)校門口我看見了班里的一個女孩, 她也要去那兒, 我們決定一起去。我們走著,書店就在不遠(yuǎn)處。 ),Punctu

67、ation 標(biāo)點符號,The comma (,),,A comma is used to join clauses. It is put before the conjunction (and, but, or, for, so, nor, yet )2. A comma is used after an adverbial clause or phrase.3. Commas are used to separ

68、ate a series of words or phrases with the same function in the sentence.,The comma (,),,4. Nonrestrictive clauses and phrases areSet off by commas.5. Commas set off parenthetical elements.6. In dates, a comm