現(xiàn)代護(hù)理必做答案

1、theprincipleofsimplifiedEIAofconstructionprojectsintheregion.Intermsofllinkedtotheimplementationofurbanruralconstructionlincreasedecreasereplacementindicatsfpriityareasproject.gesintotheprojectsofwaterelectricityadminist

2、rativegespreferentialpolicies.Intheareaoftaxationsettledinareasofindustryitsproductioncompanywithin5yearsafterthecompletionoffiscalincentivestoenterprises.Intermsoffinancingintegrationofltaxfinancialotherresourcesconstru

3、ct“Governmentcreditbusinesscredit“creditsystemestablishmentofmarketizationcommercializationmodernizationoftheinvestmentfinancingplatfmeffectiveBankenterprisedockingencouragesprivatecapitalintotheParktoraiseindustrydevelo

4、pmentfund.5optimizetheenvironmentserviceindustries.Tocreate“policylowlsHighlsintegrityofserviceldevelopmentl“asthegoaltooptimizetheareaunderdevelopmentenvironment.Alladministrativelawenfcementdepartmentstoappointafulltim

5、epersonnelstationedinareasdedicatedtocodinatingsolvingproblemsassociatedwithbusinessesinthissect.Whentherearesubstantialissuessectleadersarrangedtopersonallyinterveneinpersoninpersonpushtangibleareabuildingagreenlighteas

6、yline.Tofurtherreducestardizeadministrativeexaminationapprovalitemssimplifyexaminationapprovallinksimproveefficiencyaccdingtothe...Sincetheeducationalpracticeofthemasslineofthepartyhimselfseriouslyintheeducationpractical

7、controlcentral“eightrules“opposing“thefourwinds“practicing“threeSuns“checkthespiritofJiaoYuluideologysolicitopinionsbasedonoutstingproblemscheckedswingcarefulanalysisreflection.Willnowcheckreptisasfollows:firstadherencet

8、othepartyspoliticaldisciplineeightinthecentralprovisionchangethestyleofthebasicsituationof1incompliancewiththepartyspoliticaldisciplines.ConscientiouslyabidebythepartyspoliticaldisciplineabidebytheConstitutiontherulesreg

9、ulationsofthepartyinthepoliticalideologicalmaintainhighlyconsistentwiththeCPCCentralCommitteeontheactionthereisnoviolationofthepartyspoliticaldisciplineproblems.2intheimplementationofthecentralauthitiesoftheeightprovisio

10、ns.Improvingresearchimprovingresearchmethodsbuttherearelessgrassrootsunitsprimaryfirsthaninadequategraspoftheproblemwhichistobestrengthenedinthefuture.Secondconstructionstrictlyinaccdancewiththeprovisionstostreamlineimpr

11、ovethequalityofmeetingsoftheConference.Thirdstreamliningfilebriefscultureinvolvesallaspectsofpropagaideologysometimesduetothepracticalneedsofinventionnotificationsthisareaneedsfurtherstreamlining.Fourarestardvisitsexcept

12、asrequiredtoparticipateintrainingnootheractivity.Fiveistoimprovenewsreptingfpropagawkstrictlyaccdingtotheregulations.Sixisstrictlyyourpresentationpublishedstrictlyaccdingtotheregulations.Sevenisstrictlythriftrequiredtheu

13、seofvehiclesofficespacecpatehospitality.3changethestyle.Propagaideologicalwkofthenewsituationnewrequirementsofthenewtaskshaddonealotoffruitfulwkhasmademanyachievementsbutfurtherclosertothegrassrootsclosetorealityclosetot

14、hemassesalsoinadequateinnovationmustcontinuetoimprove.Secondthe“fourwinds“someoutstingissues1opposefmalism.Onetheyisthathedidntwithlessclosecontact.Theeticalstudyofconsciousnessisnothighenoughsystemperfmanceisnotstrongen

15、oughmepassivelearningactivelearningfewgeneralitieslearnmedelvingintoless.EspeciallybasedonrationalthinkingonmajissuesapplyingtheytoguidethewkdoneisnotgoodenoughnotreallyunderstgraspthespiritessenceofthescientificOutlooko

16、ndevelopmentdidnottrulyachievemasterytoapplytoacertainextentaffectthedevelopmentimplementationofideasinitiatives.Secondwkarrangementslesssupervision.Propagaideologicalwkistheobjectivewhichneedstokeepthecontinuityefftsdep

17、loyedbutstressedinthewktimelesssupervision.Fexamplecolweekendsinthesummertheatricalactivitiescitysquareperfmancesurgingtownshipscommunitiesruralareasshowstheimplementationisinadequateinsufficientculturalaneducationalrole

18、toplay.Thirdbaseenoughmastergrasslessreal.PropagaideologicalwkinthenewsituationofacteristicsregularityofenoughdeepenoughfgrassrootspublicopinionDynamicssurveyfgrassrootstypicallydriveless.Fexampleruralcultureteamactive..

19、.Imnotactivelytaketheinitiativetotakeupthelackofspiritofdaringtoresultinginsomejobhadalotofpowerbutnotangibleresults.Thirdinnovationlackofmotivation.Emancipationdidnotendinnovationdoesnotexist.Inpracticalwknotyourheadpre

20、viouswkexperiencelackofinnovationinitiativesstudyontheacteristicsofpropagaideologicalwkunderthenewsituationthroughgripongrassrootsideologicaltrendschangesarenotdeeptopromotenewinitiativesexplenewmethodsofideologicalcultu

21、ralwkisnotmuchsomelackofrelevancetimeliness.4disciplineloweringhardwkarelacking.Whilewkingenterprisingspiritdown.Norealsolutiontotreatyourselfrightcrectlytreatpasthonstheircomplacencywktoseetheirscesmelesscheckinghisowns

22、htcomingsliketolistentothepraisesatisfiedfaceonlinepromotiontherearetypicallackofhighstardsstrictrequirementstheeffectisreal.Secondharddriveless.Onhard現(xiàn)代護(hù)理第一部分必做作業(yè)答案現(xiàn)代護(hù)理第一部分必做作業(yè)答案第一篇第二章第一篇第二章二、問答題二、問答題1支氣管哮喘的治療常用藥物有哪些？答：

23、哮喘治療的常用藥物有糖皮質(zhì)激素、β2受體激動(dòng)劑、茶堿類、抗膽堿能藥物、白三烯調(diào)節(jié)劑。吸入糖皮質(zhì)激素是長期治療持續(xù)性哮喘的首選藥物。2試述支氣管哮喘的護(hù)理診斷低效性呼吸困難相關(guān)因素及護(hù)理措施？答：相關(guān)因素：氣道變應(yīng)性炎癥和高反應(yīng)性、支氣管痙攣?zhàn)o(hù)理措施：（1）評估病人呼吸困難程度，呼吸頻率、節(jié)律、深度、呼吸音性質(zhì)；（2）病人應(yīng)取半坐臥位，胸部盡量向前傾。亦可伏于床上桌，以利于呼吸肌的運(yùn)動(dòng)；（3）根據(jù)病情測定血?dú)夥治?，隨時(shí)調(diào)整給氧濃度，使氧分

24、壓提高在80㎜Hg(10.4Kpa)以上；（4）經(jīng)鼻導(dǎo)管或面罩吸氧，氧流量2~5L分，若呼吸困難嚴(yán)重，有胸悶、氣急、紫紺等癥狀者，經(jīng)血?dú)夥治鍪狙醴謮骸?0㎜Hg(8Kpa)，可考慮經(jīng)口鼻插管行機(jī)械呼吸，以改善通氣，提高氧分壓；（5）根據(jù)癥狀的輕重程度以及分級情況，參照哮喘治療方案建議醫(yī)囑給藥。在使用霧化劑時(shí)，要教會(huì)病人正確掌握霧化器、干粉吸入器及定量吸入器的操作方法，如使用后癥狀未改善，應(yīng)檢查病人吸入技術(shù)是否正確，不能正確使用的病人，可

25、采用儲(chǔ)霧器，將噴出的氣霧先儲(chǔ)存在儲(chǔ)霧器內(nèi)，經(jīng)多次呼吸后吸盡藥液。在應(yīng)用茶堿類藥物氨茶堿靜推時(shí)，須稀釋后緩慢靜注或靜滴，邊推注邊仔細(xì)觀察，以免引起心動(dòng)過速、心律不齊，甚至心臟驟停等不良反應(yīng)。（6）呼吸極度困難往往會(huì)引起病人恐懼心理，更進(jìn)一步加重呼吸困難，需做好心理安慰、誘導(dǎo)和勸說，減輕恐懼心理，穩(wěn)定情緒；（7）指導(dǎo)病人學(xué)會(huì)做噘嘴呼吸及腹式呼吸。第一篇第三章第一篇第三章二、問答題二、問答題1急性胰腺炎疼痛護(hù)理診斷相關(guān)因素是什么？應(yīng)采取哪些護(hù)

26、理措施？答：疼痛與胰腺炎癥、酶激活滲漏有關(guān)護(hù)理措施（1）觀察疼痛部位、程度。（2）控制疼痛：根據(jù)醫(yī)囑可使用鎮(zhèn)痛劑度冷丁、曲馬多和強(qiáng)痛定等，禁用嗎啡；抗膽堿能劑阿托品和6542等；非甾體類抗炎藥：消炎痛栓等（3）禁食和胃腸減壓：禁食和胃腸減壓是減少胰腺分泌的重要措施。當(dāng)患者痛止、熱退、白細(xì)胞和淀粉酶恢復(fù)正常后可以拔管。（4）臥床休息，給予合適體位，使病人處于彎腰倦腿體位以緩和疼痛（5）按醫(yī)囑使用抑制胰腺分泌的藥物：抗膽堿能劑如阿托品；H2

27、受體拮抗劑如雷尼替或質(zhì)子泵阻斷劑奧美拉唑；抑制胰腺分泌的激素類藥物如胰高糖素、降鈣素、肽類激素生長抑素施他寧善寧；抑制胰酶活性的藥物，常用胰蛋白酶抑制劑即加貝酶。（６）按醫(yī)囑給予足量廣譜抗生素。（７）按醫(yī)囑應(yīng)用中醫(yī)中藥：有柴芍承氣湯和丹參液。2出血壞死型胰腺炎有哪些主要并發(fā)癥？theprincipleofsimplifiedEIAofconstructionprojectsintheregion.Intermsofllinkedtoth

28、eimplementationofurbanruralconstructionlincreasedecreasereplacementindicatsfpriityareasproject.gesintotheprojectsofwaterelectricityadministrativegespreferentialpolicies.Intheareaoftaxationsettledinareasofindustryitsprodu

29、ctioncompanywithin5yearsafterthecompletionoffiscalincentivestoenterprises.Intermsoffinancingintegrationofltaxfinancialotherresourcesconstruct“Governmentcreditbusinesscredit“creditsystemestablishmentofmarketizationcommerc

30、ializationmodernizationoftheinvestmentfinancingplatfmeffectiveBankenterprisedockingencouragesprivatecapitalintotheParktoraiseindustrydevelopmentfund.5optimizetheenvironmentserviceindustries.Tocreate“policylowlsHighlsinte

31、grityofserviceldevelopmentl“asthegoaltooptimizetheareaunderdevelopmentenvironment.Alladministrativelawenfcementdepartmentstoappointafulltimepersonnelstationedinareasdedicatedtocodinatingsolvingproblemsassociatedwithbusin

32、essesinthissect.Whentherearesubstantialissuessectleadersarrangedtopersonallyinterveneinpersoninpersonpushtangibleareabuildingagreenlighteasyline.Tofurtherreducestardizeadministrativeexaminationapprovalitemssimplifyexamin

33、ationapprovallinksimproveefficiencyaccdingtothe...Sincetheeducationalpracticeofthemasslineofthepartyhimselfseriouslyintheeducationpracticalcontrolcentral“eightrules“opposing“thefourwinds“practicing“threeSuns“checkthespir

34、itofJiaoYuluideologysolicitopinionsbasedonoutstingproblemscheckedswingcarefulanalysisreflection.Willnowcheckreptisasfollows:firstadherencetothepartyspoliticaldisciplineeightinthecentralprovisionchangethestyleofthebasicsi

35、tuationof1incompliancewiththepartyspoliticaldisciplines.ConscientiouslyabidebythepartyspoliticaldisciplineabidebytheConstitutiontherulesregulationsofthepartyinthepoliticalideologicalmaintainhighlyconsistentwiththeCPCCent

36、ralCommitteeontheactionthereisnoviolationofthepartyspoliticaldisciplineproblems.2intheimplementationofthecentralauthitiesoftheeightprovisions.Improvingresearchimprovingresearchmethodsbuttherearelessgrassrootsunitsprimary

37、firsthaninadequategraspoftheproblemwhichistobestrengthenedinthefuture.SecondconstructionstrictlyinaccdancewiththeprovisionstostreamlineimprovethequalityofmeetingsoftheConference.Thirdstreamliningfilebriefscultureinvolves

38、allaspectsofpropagaideologysometimesduetothepracticalneedsofinventionnotificationsthisareaneedsfurtherstreamlining.Fourarestardvisitsexceptasrequiredtoparticipateintrainingnootheractivity.Fiveistoimprovenewsreptingfpropa

39、gawkstrictlyaccdingtotheregulations.Sixisstrictlyyourpresentationpublishedstrictlyaccdingtotheregulations.Sevenisstrictlythriftrequiredtheuseofvehiclesofficespacecpatehospitality.3changethestyle.Propagaideologicalwkofthe

40、newsituationnewrequirementsofthenewtaskshaddonealotoffruitfulwkhasmademanyachievementsbutfurtherclosertothegrassrootsclosetorealityclosetothemassesalsoinadequateinnovationmustcontinuetoimprove.Secondthe“fourwinds“someout

41、stingissues1opposefmalism.Onetheyisthathedidntwithlessclosecontact.Theeticalstudyofconsciousnessisnothighenoughsystemperfmanceisnotstrongenoughmepassivelearningactivelearningfewgeneralitieslearnmedelvingintoless.Especial

42、lybasedonrationalthinkingonmajissuesapplyingtheytoguidethewkdoneisnotgoodenoughnotreallyunderstgraspthespiritessenceofthescientificOutlookondevelopmentdidnottrulyachievemasterytoapplytoacertainextentaffectthedevelopmenti

43、mplementationofideasinitiatives.Secondwkarrangementslesssupervision.Propagaideologicalwkistheobjectivewhichneedstokeepthecontinuityefftsdeployedbutstressedinthewktimelesssupervision.Fexamplecolweekendsinthesummertheatric

44、alactivitiescitysquareperfmancesurgingtownshipscommunitiesruralareasshowstheimplementationisinadequateinsufficientculturalaneducationalroletoplay.Thirdbaseenoughmastergrasslessreal.Propagaideologicalwkinthenewsituationof

45、acteristicsregularityofenoughdeepenoughfgrassrootspublicopinionDynamicssurveyfgrassrootstypicallydriveless.Fexampleruralcultureteamactive...Imnotactivelytaketheinitiativetotakeupthelackofspiritofdaringtoresultinginsomejo

46、bhadalotofpowerbutnotangibleresults.Thirdinnovationlackofmotivation.Emancipationdidnotendinnovationdoesnotexist.Inpracticalwknotyourheadpreviouswkexperiencelackofinnovationinitiativesstudyontheacteristicsofpropagaideolog

47、icalwkunderthenewsituationthroughgripongrassrootsideologicaltrendschangesarenotdeeptopromotenewinitiativesexplenewmethodsofideologicalculturalwkisnotmuchsomelackofrelevancetimeliness.4disciplineloweringhardwkarelacking.W

48、hilewkingenterprisingspiritdown.Norealsolutiontotreatyourselfrightcrectlytreatpasthonstheircomplacencywktoseetheirscesmelesscheckinghisownshtcomingsliketolistentothepraisesatisfiedfaceonlinepromotiontherearetypicallackof

49、highstardsstrictrequirementstheeffectisreal.Secondharddriveless.Onhard性利尿劑；（5）抗凝治療：肝素、尿激酶、華法令、阿斯匹林及泮生丁及ATⅢ制劑(如新鮮血漿)；（6）免疫抑制劑的使用.腎上腺皮質(zhì)激素、環(huán)磷酰胺、環(huán)孢霉素A等。第一篇第六章第一篇第六章二、問答題二、問答題1急性白血病化療原則是什么？應(yīng)用全反式維甲酸治療白血病有哪些副作用？答：化療應(yīng)堅(jiān)持早期、聯(lián)合、足量和

50、個(gè)體化原則。ATRA具有其他較多的骨髓外毒副作用，常見的有皮膚與黏膜干燥、頭痛和顱內(nèi)壓升高（假性腦瘤）、骨痛、胃腸道反應(yīng)、發(fā)熱、肝臟損害、高白細(xì)胞血癥和維甲酸綜合征（RAS）等。2化療藥物導(dǎo)致靜脈炎的機(jī)制是什么？如何防止化療藥物導(dǎo)致靜脈炎？答：機(jī)制：（1）直接的毒性作用。化療藥物屬于細(xì)胞類藥物，藥物外滲可引起局部的嚴(yán)重細(xì)胞炎癥。（2）藥物的pH值。常用藥物因pH值偏堿，使血管內(nèi)的CO2蓄積，血管內(nèi)壓升高，致使血管壁通透性增高，易滲漏，刺

51、激血管內(nèi)膜炎癥而引起靜脈炎。（3）大劑量沖擊給藥時(shí)，高濃度溶質(zhì)可導(dǎo)致靜脈炎。（4）其他：溶液中微粒及過敏。防止：（1）提高穿刺技術(shù)，選擇合適針頭，有計(jì)劃正確選擇穿刺靜脈，以免外滲。（2）已發(fā)生靜脈炎的，需抬高患肢，局部用1%丁卡因、2%奴佛卡因、0.5%6542棉片或用云南白藥，復(fù)方中藥外敷。（3）抽吸藥物的針頭不能作穿刺，穿刺時(shí)可先注入生理鹽水后再注入藥物。（4）同時(shí)給幾種化療藥物時(shí)，應(yīng)間隔應(yīng)用生理鹽水，可先給刺激性大的藥物。（5）避

52、免在同一靜脈部位反復(fù)穿刺，以免纖維化形成。（6）發(fā)生外滲應(yīng)立即停止輸注。可考慮深靜脈穿刺或外周中心靜脈穿刺（PICC）。第二篇第一章第二篇第一章二、問答題二、問答題1如何實(shí)施PCI術(shù)的術(shù)前護(hù)理、術(shù)中監(jiān)護(hù)及術(shù)后護(hù)理要點(diǎn)？答：術(shù)前準(zhǔn)備：（1）向患者及家屬介紹手術(shù)的目的和意義、手術(shù)的一般過程及手術(shù)的安全性，使病人情緒穩(wěn)定，減輕病人的緊張、恐懼、焦慮等不良心理反應(yīng)。簡要向患者介紹術(shù)中需要配合的要領(lǐng)，并指導(dǎo)病人訓(xùn)練床上排便、深吸氣、有效咳嗽等（2

53、）術(shù)前需化驗(yàn)三大常規(guī)、生化全套、乙肝三系、HIV等檢查，碘過敏試驗(yàn)，手術(shù)區(qū)皮膚清潔準(zhǔn)備，術(shù)前三日及手術(shù)日晨口服阿司匹林片300mg。（3）檢查如監(jiān)護(hù)儀、除顫器、吸引器、輸氧器等各種儀器設(shè)備處于正常狀態(tài)。備好臨時(shí)起搏器，各種急救藥品和有關(guān)PCI材料。術(shù)中監(jiān)護(hù)：（1）心電監(jiān)護(hù)：術(shù)中由于導(dǎo)管及造影劑刺激、球囊充盈堵塞冠脈及再灌注等可引起各種心律失常，包括室性早搏，室性心動(dòng)過速或心室顫動(dòng)以及竇性心動(dòng)過緩，房室傳導(dǎo)阻滯等。（2）壓力監(jiān)測：冠脈內(nèi)壓