單片機(jī)原理外文翻譯

1、<p><b>　　單片機(jī)英文文獻(xiàn)</b></p><p>　　Principle of MCU</p><p>　　Single-chip is an integrated on a single chip a complete computer system. Even though most of his features in a small chi

2、p, but it has a need to complete the majority of computer components: CPU, memory, internal and external bus system, most will have the Core. At the same time, such as integrated communication interfaces, timers, real-ti

3、me clock and other peripheral equipment. And now the most powerful single-chip microcomputer system can even voice, image, networking, input and output complex</p><p>　　Also known as single-chip MCU (Microco

4、ntroller), because it was first used in the field of industrial control. Only by the single-chip CPU chip developed from the dedicated processor. The design concept is the first by a large number of peripherals and CPU i

5、n a single chip, the computer system so that smaller, more easily integrated into the complex and demanding on the volume control devices. INTEL the Z80 is one of the first design in accordance with the idea of the proce

6、ssor, From then on, th</p><p>　　Early single-chip 8-bit or all of the four. One of the most successful is INTEL's 8031, because the performance of a simple and reliable access to a lot of good praise. Si

7、nce then in 8031 to develop a single-chip microcomputer system MCS51 series. Based on single-chip microcomputer system of the system is still widely used until now. As the field of industrial control requirements increas

8、e in the beginning of a 16-bit single-chip, but not ideal because the price has not been very widely used. Af</p><p>　　More than a dedicated single-chip processor suitable for embedded systems, so it was up

9、to the application. In fact the number of single-chip is the world's largest computer. Modern human life used in almost every piece of electronic and mechanical products will have a single-chip integration. Phone, te

10、lephone, calculator, home appliances, electronic toys, handheld computers and computer accessories such as a mouse in the Department are equipped with 1-2 single chip. And personal computers also </p><p>　　H

11、ardwave introduction</p><p>　　The 8051 family of micro controllers is based on an architecture which is highly optimized for embedded control systems. It is used in a wide variety of applications from milita

12、ry equipment to automobiles to the keyboard on your PC. Second only to the Motorola 68HC11 in eight bit processors sales, the 8051 family of microcontrollers is available in a wide array of variations from manufacturers

13、such as Intel, Philips, and Siemens. These manufacturers have added numerous features and peripherals t</p><p>　　The basic architecture consists of the following features: </p><p>　　· an e

14、ight bit ALU</p><p>　　· 32 descrete I/O pins (4 groups of 8) which can be individually accessed</p><p>　　· two 16 bit timer/counters</p><p>　　· full duplex UART<

15、;/p><p>　　· 6 interrupt sources with 2 priority levels</p><p>　　· 128 bytes of on board RAM</p><p>　　· separate 64K byte address spaces for DATA and CODE memory</p

16、><p>　　One 8051 processor cycle consists of twelve oscillator periods. Each of the twelve oscillator periods is used for a special function by the 8051 core such as op code fetches and samples of the interrupt

17、daisy chain for pending interrupts. The time required for any 8051 instruction can be computed by dividing the clock frequency by 12, inverting that result and multiplying it by the number of processor cycles required by

18、 the instruction in question. Therefore, if you have a system which is using </p><p><b>　　單片機(jī)原理</b></p><p>　　單片機(jī)是指一個(gè)集成在一塊芯片上的完整計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)。盡管他的大部分功能集成在一塊小芯片上，但是它具有一個(gè)完整計(jì)算機(jī)所需要的大部分部件：CPU、內(nèi)存、內(nèi)

19、部和外部總線系統(tǒng)，目前大部分還會(huì)具有外存。同時(shí)集成諸如通訊接口、定時(shí)器，實(shí)時(shí)時(shí)鐘等外圍設(shè)備。而現(xiàn)在最強(qiáng)大的單片機(jī)系統(tǒng)甚至可以將聲音、圖像、網(wǎng)絡(luò)、復(fù)雜的輸入輸出系統(tǒng)集成在一塊芯片上。</p><p>　　單片機(jī)也被稱為微控制器（Microcontroller），是因?yàn)樗钤绫挥迷诠I(yè)控制領(lǐng)域。單片機(jī)由芯片內(nèi)僅有CPU的專(zhuān)用處理器發(fā)展而來(lái)。最早的設(shè)計(jì)理念是通過(guò)將大量外圍設(shè)備和CPU集成在一個(gè)芯片中，使計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)更小，

20、更容易集成進(jìn)復(fù)雜的而對(duì)體積要求嚴(yán)格的控制設(shè)備當(dāng)中。INTEL的Z80是最早按照這種思想設(shè)計(jì)出的處理器，從此以后，單片機(jī)和專(zhuān)用處理器的發(fā)展便分道揚(yáng)鑣。</p><p>　　早期的單片機(jī)都是8位或4位的。其中最成功的是INTEL的8031，因?yàn)楹?jiǎn)單可靠而性能不錯(cuò)獲得了很大的好評(píng)。此后在8031上發(fā)展出了MCS51系列單片機(jī)系統(tǒng)?；谶@一系統(tǒng)的單片機(jī)系統(tǒng)直到現(xiàn)在還在廣泛使用。隨著工業(yè)控制領(lǐng)域要求的提高，開(kāi)始出現(xiàn)了16位

21、單片機(jī)，但因?yàn)樾詢r(jià)比不理想并未得到很廣泛的應(yīng)用。90年代后隨著消費(fèi)電子產(chǎn)品大發(fā)展，單片機(jī)技術(shù)得到了巨大的提高。隨著INTEL i960系列特別是后來(lái)的ARM系列的廣泛應(yīng)用，32位單片機(jī)迅速取代16位單片機(jī)的高端地位，并且進(jìn)入主流市場(chǎng)。而傳統(tǒng)的8位單片機(jī)的性能也得到了飛速提高，處理能力比起80年代提高了數(shù)百倍。目前，高端的32位單片機(jī)主頻已經(jīng)超過(guò)300MHz，性能直追90年代中期的專(zhuān)用處理器，而普通的型號(hào)出廠價(jià)格跌落至1美元，最高端的型號(hào)

22、也只有10美元。當(dāng)代單片機(jī)系統(tǒng)已經(jīng)不再只在裸機(jī)環(huán)境下開(kāi)發(fā)和使用，大量專(zhuān)用的嵌入式操作系統(tǒng)被廣泛應(yīng)用在全系列的單片機(jī)上。而在作為掌上電腦和手機(jī)核心處理的高端單片機(jī)甚至可以直接使用專(zhuān)用的Windows和Linux操作系統(tǒng)。</p><p>　　單片機(jī)比專(zhuān)用處理器更適合應(yīng)用于嵌入式系統(tǒng)，因此它得到了最多的應(yīng)用。事實(shí)上單片機(jī)是世界上數(shù)量最多的計(jì)算機(jī)?，F(xiàn)代人類(lèi)生活中所用的幾乎每件電子和機(jī)械產(chǎn)品中都會(huì)集成有單片機(jī)。手機(jī)、電話

23、、計(jì)算器、家用電器、電子玩具、掌上電腦以及鼠標(biāo)等電腦配件中都配有1-2部單片機(jī)。而個(gè)人電腦中也會(huì)有為數(shù)不少的單片機(jī)在工作。汽車(chē)上一般配備40多部單片機(jī)，復(fù)雜的工業(yè)控制系統(tǒng)上甚至可能有數(shù)百臺(tái)單片機(jī)在同時(shí)工作！單片機(jī)的數(shù)量不僅遠(yuǎn)超過(guò)PC機(jī)和其他計(jì)算的綜合，甚至比人類(lèi)的數(shù)量還要多。 </p><p><b>　　單片機(jī)硬件介紹：</b></p><p>　　8051系列微控

24、制器是建立在一個(gè)高度優(yōu)化的嵌入式控制系統(tǒng)的結(jié)構(gòu)上。它的運(yùn)用范圍比較廣，從軍事裝備到汽車(chē)再到你的PC機(jī)的鍵盤(pán)。僅次于摩托羅拉68HC11在8位處理器銷(xiāo)售，8051家庭的微控制器, 在制造商上有各種各樣的變化,如因特爾公司、西門(mén)子、飛利浦。這些廠家已經(jīng)增加了許多功能及外設(shè)，如總線接口,模擬到數(shù)字轉(zhuǎn)換器,看門(mén)狗定時(shí)器、脈沖寬度調(diào)制的輸出。8051的變化,達(dá)到40MHz時(shí)鐘頻率下降到150伏電壓條件是可得到的。這種廣泛的部分基于一個(gè)核心使805

25、1系列的一個(gè)很好的選擇作為基礎(chǔ)架構(gòu)的一個(gè)公司產(chǎn)品,因?yàn)樗梢詧?zhí)行許多功能和開(kāi)發(fā)者只會(huì)有這樣的一個(gè)平臺(tái)。</p><p>　　基本結(jié)構(gòu)由以下特點(diǎn):</p><p>　　一個(gè)8為的算術(shù)邏輯單元</p><p>　　32個(gè)離散輸入輸出端口（4組8位）可單獨(dú)訪問(wèn)</p><p>　　二16位?定時(shí)器/計(jì)數(shù)器</p><p>　

26、　全雙工通用異步接收/發(fā)送裝置</p><p>　　6個(gè)中斷源與2個(gè)優(yōu)先級(jí)別</p><p>　　128字節(jié)的隨機(jī)存儲(chǔ)器</p><p>　　64K分開(kāi)字節(jié)地址空間的數(shù)據(jù)和代碼的記憶</p><p>　　一個(gè)數(shù)字處理器周期共有十二振蕩器的時(shí)期。他本是十二門(mén)徒里的每一個(gè)階段是用于振蕩器的特殊功能的核心,如鳳凰社代碼的數(shù)字和樣品中的全部中斷菊花鏈