單片機外文翻譯-----單片機簡介

1、<p>　　原文來源 圖書館電子資源 </p><p>　　Single chip brief introduction</p><p>　　The monolithic integrated circuit said that the monolithic micro controller, it is not completes some logical f

2、unction the chip, but integrates a computer system to a chip on. Summary speaking: A chip has become a computer. Its volume is small, the quality is light, and the price cheap, for the study, the application and the deve

3、lopment has provided the convenient condition. At the same time, the study use monolithic integrated circuit is understands the computer principle and the structure best</p><p>　　The monolithic integrated ci

4、rcuit interior also uses with the computer function similar module, for instance CPU, memory, parallel main line, but also has with the hard disk behave identically the memory component7 what is different is its these pa

5、rt performance is opposite our home-use computer weak many, but the price is also low, generally does not surpass 10 Yuan then Made some control electric appliance one kind with it is not the 'very complex work foot,

6、 We use now the completely automatic</p><p>　　It is one kind of online -like real-time control computer, online -like is the scene control, needs to have the strong antijamming ability, the low cost, this is

7、 also and the off-line type computer (for instance home use PC,) main difference </p><p>　　The monolithic integrated circuit is depending on the procedure, and may revise. Realizes the different function thr

8、ough the different procedure, particularly special unique some functions, this is other component needs to take the very big effort to be able to achieve, some are the flowered big strength is also very difficult to achi

9、eve. One is not the very complex function, if develops in the 50s with the US 74 series, or the 60s's CD4000 series these pure hardware do decides, the electric cir</p><p>　　The CPU is the key component

10、of a digital computer. Its purpose is to decode instruction received from memory and perform transfers, arithmetic, logic, and control operations with data stored in internal registers, memory, or I/O interface units. Ex

11、ternally, the CPU provides one or more buses for transferring instructions, data, and control information to and from components connected to it. A microcontroller is present in the keyboard and in the monitor in the gen

12、eric computer; thus these compo</p><p>　　Because the monolithic integrated circuit to the cost is sensitive, therefore present occupies the dominant status the software is the most preliminary assembly langu

13、age7 it was except the binary machine code above the most preliminary language, since why were such preliminary must use? </p><p>　　Why high-level did the language already achieve the visualization programmi

14、ng level not to use? The reason is very simple, is the monolithic integrated circuit docs not have home computer such CPU, and also has not looked like the hard disk such mass memory equipment. Inside even if a visualiza

15、tion higher order language compilation script only then a button, also will achieve several dozens K the sizes! Does not speak anything regarding the home use PC hard disk, but says regarding the monolithi</p><

16、;p>　　It can be said that the 20th century surmounted three "the electricity" the time, namely the electrical time, the Electronic Age and already entered computer time. However, this kind of computer, usuall

17、y refers to the personal computer, is called PC machine. It by the main engine, the keyboard, the monitor and so on is composed. Also has a kind of computer, most people actually not how familiar. This kind of computer i

18、s entrusts with the intelligence each kind of mechanical monolithic integrated</p><p><b>　　單片機簡介</b></p><p>　　單片機又稱單片微控制器，它不是完成某一個邏輯功能的芯片，而是把一個計算機系統(tǒng)集成到一個芯片上。概括的講：一塊芯片就成了一臺計算機。它的體積小、質(zhì)

19、量輕、價格便宜、為學(xué)習(xí)、應(yīng)用和開發(fā)提供了便利條件。同時，學(xué)習(xí)使用單片機是了解計算機原理與結(jié)構(gòu)的最佳選擇。 </p><p>　　單片機內(nèi)部也用和電腦功能類似的模塊，比如CPU，內(nèi)存，并行總線，還有和硬盤作用相同的存儲器件，不同的是它的這些部件性能都相對我們的家用電腦弱很多，不過價錢也是低的，一般不超過10元即可，用它來做一些控制電器一類不是很復(fù)雜的工作足矣了。我們現(xiàn)在用的全自動滾筒洗農(nóng)機、排煙罩、VCD等等的家電

20、里面都可以看到它的身影！它主要是作為控制部分的核心部件。 </p><p>　　它是一種存線式實時控制計算機，在線式就是現(xiàn)場控制，需要的是有較強的抗干擾能力，較低的成本，這也是和離線式計算機的（比如家用PC）的主要區(qū)別。 </p><p>　　單片機是靠程序的，并且可以修改。通過不同的程序?qū)崿F(xiàn)不同的功能，尤其是特殊的獨特的一些功能，這是別的器件需要費很多人力氣才能做到的，有些則是花人力氣也

21、很難做到的。一個不是很復(fù)雜的功能要是用美同50年代開發(fā)的74系列，或者60年代的CD4000系列這些純硬件來搞定的話，電路一定是一塊大PCB板！但是如果要是用美國70年代成功投放市場的系列單片機，結(jié)果就會有天壤之別！只因為單片機的通過你編寫的程序可以實現(xiàn)高科能，高效率，以及高可靠性！ </p><p>　　CPU(中央處理單元)是數(shù)字計算機的重要組成部分，其目的是對從內(nèi)存中接收的指令進行譯碼，同時對存儲于內(nèi)部寄存

22、器、存儲器或輸入輸出接口單元的數(shù)據(jù)驚醒傳輸、算術(shù)運算、邏輯運算以及控制運算。在外部，CPU位轉(zhuǎn)換指令數(shù)據(jù)和控制信息提供一個或多個總線并從組件連接到它。一個微控制器出現(xiàn)在普通電腦的鍵盤和檢測器中，但是這些組件也被屏蔽。在這種微控制器中，與我們所討論的CPU可能不同。字長也許更短，編制數(shù)量少，指令集有限。相對而言，性能差，但對完成任務(wù)來說足夠了。最重要的是它的微控制器的成本很低，符合成本效應(yīng)。 </p><p>　　

23、由于單片機對成本是敏感的，所以目前占統(tǒng)治地位的軟件還是最低級匯編語言，它是除了二進制機器碼以上最低級的語言了，既然這么低級為什么還要用呢？很多高級的語言已經(jīng)達到了可視化編程的水平為什么不用呢？原因簡單，就是單片機沒有家用計算機那樣的CPU，也沒有像硬盤那樣的海量存儲設(shè)備。一個可視化高級語言編寫的小程序里面即使只有一個按鈕，也會達到幾十K的尺寸！對于家用PC的硬盤來講沒什么，可是對于單片機來講是不能接受的。單片機在硬件資源方面的利用率必須

24、很高才行，所以匯編雖然原始卻還是在大量使用。一樣的道理，如果把巨型計算機上的操作系統(tǒng)和應(yīng)用軟件拿到家用PC上來運行，家用PC的也是承受不了的。 </p><p>　　可以說，二十世紀(jì)跨越了三個“電”的時代，即電氣時代、電子時代和現(xiàn)已進入的電腦時代。不過，這種電腦，通常是指個人計算機，簡稱PC機。它白主機、鍵盤、顯示器等組成。還有一類計算機，人多數(shù)人卻不怎么熟悉。這種計算機就是把智能賦予各種機械的單片機（亦稱微控制

25、器）。顧名思義，這種計算機的最小系統(tǒng)只用了一片集成電路，即可進行簡單運算和控制。因為它體積小，通常都藏在被控機械的“肚子”里。它在整個裝置中，起著有如人類頭腦的作用，它出了毛病，整個裝置就癱瘓了?，F(xiàn)在，這種單片機的使用領(lǐng)域已十分廣泛，如科能儀表、實時T控、通訊設(shè)備、導(dǎo)航系統(tǒng)、家用電器等。各種產(chǎn)品。一旦用上了單片機，就能起到使產(chǎn)品升級換代的功效，常在產(chǎn)品名稱前冠以形容詞一一“智能型”，如智能型洗衣機等?，F(xiàn)在有些工廠的技術(shù)人員或其它業(yè)余電子