單片機(jī)外文翻譯--轉(zhuǎn)速表與單片機(jī)

1、<p>　　羄莁莁襖袀羈蒃蚇螆羇薅袃肅肆芅蚆羈肅莇袁袇肄薀蚄袃肄螞薇膂肅莂螂肈肂蒄薅羄肁薆螀袀肀芆薃螆腿莈蝿肄膈蒁薁羀膈蚃螇羆膇莃蝕袂膆蒅裊螈膅薇蚈肇膄芇襖羃芃荿蚆衿芃蒁袂螅節(jié)薄蚅肅芁莃蕆聿芀蒆螃羅艿薈薆袁羋羋螁螇芇莀薄肆莇蒂螀羂莆薅薂袈蒞芄螈螄莄蕆薁膂莃蕿袆肈莂蟻蠆羄莁莁襖袀羈蒃蚇螆羇薅袃肅肆芅蚆羈肅莇袁袇肄薀蚄袃肄螞薇膂肅莂螂肈肂蒄薅羄肁薆螀袀肀芆薃螆腿莈蝿肄膈蒁薁羀膈蚃螇羆膇莃蝕袂膆蒅裊螈膅薇蚈肇膄芇襖羃芃荿蚆衿芃蒁袂螅

2、節(jié)薄蚅肅芁莃蕆聿芀蒆螃羅艿薈薆袁羋羋螁螇芇莀薄肆莇蒂螀羂莆薅薂袈蒞芄螈螄莄蕆薁膂莃蕿袆肈莂蟻蠆羄莁莁襖袀羈蒃蚇螆羇薅袃肅肆芅蚆羈肅莇袁袇肄薀蚄袃肄螞薇膂肅莂螂肈肂蒄薅羄肁薆螀袀肀芆薃螆腿莈蝿肄膈蒁薁羀膈蚃螇羆膇莃蝕袂膆蒅裊螈膅薇蚈肇膄芇襖羃芃荿蚆衿芃蒁袂螅節(jié)薄蚅肅芁莃蕆聿芀蒆螃羅艿薈薆袁羋羋螁螇芇莀薄肆莇蒂螀羂莆薅薂袈蒞芄螈螄莄蕆薁膂莃蕿袆肈莂蟻蠆羄莁莁襖袀羈蒃蚇螆羇薅袃肅肆芅蚆羈肅莇袁袇肄薀蚄袃肄螞薇膂肅莂螂肈肂蒄薅羄肁薆螀袀肀芆薃螆

3、腿莈蝿肄膈蒁薁羀膈蚃螇羆膇莃蝕袂膆蒅裊螈膅薇蚈肇膄芇襖羃芃荿蚆衿芃蒁袂螅節(jié)薄蚅肅芁莃蕆聿芀蒆螃羅艿薈薆袁羋羋螁螇芇莀薄肆莇蒂螀羂莆薅薂袈蒞芄螈</p><p>　　Ratemeter and monolithic integrated circuit</p><p>　　The traditional automobile rotational speed odometer's f

4、unction has two; first, with indicator instruction automobile travel instantaneous vehicle speed; second, records the automobile travel with the mechanical counter the accumulation course. The modern automobile is develo

5、ping to the high speed direction, along with the vehicle speed enhancement, the tradition speedometer which actuates with the flexible axle receives the unprecedented challenge, this is because of the flexible axle when

6、high</p><p>　　Present's automobile measuring appliance automaticity is very high, what the old style mechanical flexible axle transmission's measuring appliance already eliminated displaces is presen

7、t's liquid crystal gauge board, is impossible through to dial the digital code wheel adjustment odometer again. When in the driver needs to increase the number of passes, runs the table with this kind to be possible

8、very with ease to realize. This kind runs the table use medium scale integration design to become, </p><p>　　Monolithic integrated circuit AT89C2051 by its low price, the low power loss, the reliability high

9、 and easy to program and so on characteristics to be famous, X25045 is a MCS-51 series monolithic integrated circuit electric circuit's auxiliary chip, mainly takes on the replacement, the voltage examination, the wa

10、tch-dog and the EEPROM function, this chip's use enhanced system's reliability greatly, reduced the periphery chip number, may realize the power failure which the course accumulates to s</p><p>　　The

11、 Hall sensor has many merits, their structure is reliable, the volume is small, the weight is light, the life is long, the easy installation, the power loss is small, the frequency high (may reach 1MHZ), bears the vibrat

12、ion, does not fear the dust, the greasy dirt, the water vapor and the salt mist and so on pollution or the corrosion. The Hall linear unit's precision is high, the linearity is good; The Hall switch component non-con

13、tact, does not have the attrition, the output wave shape clea</p><p>　　The monolithic integrated circuit curriculum was already the practical very strong specialized technology curriculum, the beginner only

14、then through the massive programming, the experiment, the debugging, the design manufacture and so on a series of practice link's training, could understand truly the monolithic integrated circuit software and the ha

15、rdware design and the debugging skill, could the nimble utilization monolithic integrated circuit's each command system and each kind of development</p><p>　　In recent years, microcomputer's developm

16、ent speed let the common people exclaim in surprise sufficiently that took one kind of brand-new productive forces take the computer as the leading information technology, to society's each domain seepage, also made

17、the integration of machinery the advancement to speed up greatly.</p><p>　　The integration of machinery is now the technique of manufacture and the product development main trend, is also our country mechani

18、cal and electrical industrial development way that must be taken. May believe that it is with the system engineering viewpoint and the method, how studies in the mechanical and electrical system and the product the machi

19、nery, the computer, the information processing and the automatic control technology synthesis application, in order to the mechanical and electrical</p><p>　　In the present case, monolithic integrated circui

20、t's development momentum still does not reduce, each kind of model and a function stronger monolithic integrated circuit and the super connection chip appear unceasingly, is further constitutes the multi-computer sys

21、tem and the distribution network to the top level development's important symbol. In the world the monolithic integrated circuit chip's output by every year 27% speed increase, to had reached 3,000,000,000 pieces

22、 at the beginning of th</p><p>　　On the rotational speed table design has many available, but mostly by mechanical or simulated digital circuits to achieve. There are large in size, precision low, not visual

23、, electronics large, less functional and sampling time, it is difficult to detect instantaneous rotational speed. As the Micro Controller Unit with both small and control functions such strong characteristics, so it wide

24、ly in control applications. We want multifunctional rotational speed control system is designed to the Mic</p><p>　　Has given take AT89C2051 as the core, using monolithic integrated circuit's operation a

25、nd the control function, and uses the serial port liquid crystal display module real time display to measure the speed and the course speed odometer design proposal. Because this plan has used the serial port liquid crys

26、tal display module and EEPROM, as well as highly effective fast algorithm, thus may in saves the system resources and in the reduced program design foundation guarantees the measuring accuracy </p><p>　　This

27、 speed odometer by the signal pretreatment electric circuit, AT89C2051 monolithic integrated circuit, the serial port liquid crystal display electric circuit, the serial port data storage electric circuit and the system

28、software is composed. And the signal pretreatment electric circuit contains the signal to enlarge, the profile transformation and the wave shaping. System hardware diagram as shown in Figure 1. In the signal pretreatment

29、 electric circuit's amplifier uses to the testing signal</p><p>　　This design can real-time the speed display which measured, simultaneously can also accumulate demonstrates the total course number. This

30、 speed odometer can input the sensor to monolithic integrated circuit's signal impulse width (sensor transforms vehicle speed corresponding width signal impulse) real-time to survey, then calculates the speed and the

31、 course through the monolithic integrated circuit, again the obtained data storage to the serial port data-carrier storage, and will measure the sp</p><p>　　When design, should the overall evaluation measure

32、 the fast precision and the system reaction time. This design with measuring impulse frequency computation speed, thus has high measures the fast precision. For guarantee system's timeliness, system's speed chang

33、e module and the demonstration data transfer the BCD code module to use the fast algorithm. Moreover, but should also guarantee other submodule in programming time versatility and highly effective as far as possible. Thi

34、s design's speed a</p><p>　　The speed course metering circuit selects AT89C2051 to take frequency meter's signal processing core. AT89C2051 contains 2kB to dodge saves, 128B RAM, 15 I/O mouth line, 2

35、 16 fixed time counters, 5 vector second-level interrupt structure and 1 full-duplex's serial port, meanwhile has the encryption array second-level program memory to lock the function. In the design used AT89C2051 T0

36、, the T1 timer and the INT0 pin, as well as P1 port's 6 mouth line. Because this monolithic integrated circuit an</p><p>　　This article introduced one kind based on the monolithic integrated circuit AT89

37、C2051 speed odometer's design method. Because in this plan has used the serial port section code liquid crystal display module EEPROM reservoir, thus has saved the hardware source, enhanced the system performance-to-

38、price ratio. At the same time, is also beneficial in expands other functions in this electric circuit foundation using monolithic integrated circuit's resources.</p><p>　　The monolithic integrated circui

39、t and the ratemeter are inseparable.</p><p><b>　　轉(zhuǎn)速表與單片機(jī)</b></p><p>　　傳統(tǒng)的轉(zhuǎn)速表的功能有兩個(gè)，一是用指針指示汽車行駛的瞬時(shí)車速，二是用機(jī)械計(jì)數(shù)器記錄汽車行駛的累計(jì)里程?，F(xiàn)代汽車正向高速化方向發(fā)展，隨著車速的提高，用軟軸驅(qū)動的傳統(tǒng)車速里程表受到很大的挑戰(zhàn)，這是因?yàn)檐涊S在高速旋轉(zhuǎn)時(shí)，由于受鋼絲承

40、受能力極限的限制而容易斷裂，同時(shí)，軟軸布置過長會出現(xiàn)形變過大或運(yùn)動遲緩等現(xiàn)象，而且，對于不同的車型，轉(zhuǎn)速里程表的安裝位置也會受到軟軸長度及彎曲度的限制。凡此種種，使得基于非接觸式轉(zhuǎn)速傳感器的電子式轉(zhuǎn)速里程表得以迅速發(fā)展。</p><p>　　現(xiàn)在的汽車儀表自動化程度很高，老式的機(jī)械軟軸傳動的儀表已經(jīng)淘汰取代的是現(xiàn)在的液晶儀表盤，不可能再通過撥數(shù)碼輪調(diào)整里程表。司機(jī)又需要增加里程數(shù)時(shí)，用這種跑表器就可以很輕松地實(shí)現(xiàn)

41、。這種跑表器使用中規(guī)模集成電路設(shè)計(jì)而成，體積小巧，運(yùn)行穩(wěn)定，適用于各種電子傳感器的汽車上使用。 這種小巧的儀器有著比其它同類產(chǎn)品明顯的優(yōu)點(diǎn)： 1、電路設(shè)計(jì)精湛，嚴(yán)密。使用了高性能的集成電路和電子元件，保證電路有高度的品質(zhì)；使用最優(yōu)化的電路設(shè)計(jì)，考慮到盡可能多的不利的使用環(huán)境，使儀器能在電壓、溫度、濕度、灰塵污染等復(fù)雜的變化因素多的條件下都能穩(wěn)定工作。 2、可靠性好。為了提高電路工作的可靠性，不但元件經(jīng)過精心篩選，而且經(jīng)過2400個(gè)小時(shí)的

42、烤機(jī)試驗(yàn)，它的外殼小巧，可以方便地裝在口袋中，隨時(shí)可以拿出來使用。 3、操作簡單，使用方便。只需要插到點(diǎn)煙器上，不用下車,一切OK。4、使用安全，放心。即使接反，也不會損壞儀器，更不會損壞車上任何東西. 5、速度可以調(diào)整。你可以把速度調(diào)整到最高，也可以調(diào)整到一個(gè)固定值，比如300邁. 依據(jù)車型不同，速度有所不同，可以通過調(diào)整儀器上速度旋鈕改變速度。</p><p>　　單片機(jī)AT89C2051以其低價(jià)、低功耗、可

43、靠性高和易于編程等特點(diǎn)著稱，X25045則是MCS－51系列單片機(jī)電路的一個(gè)輔助芯片，主要擔(dān)當(dāng)復(fù)位、電壓檢測、看門狗和EEPROM功能，該芯片的采用大大提高了系統(tǒng)的可靠性，減少了外圍芯片數(shù)，可實(shí)現(xiàn)里程累計(jì)的掉電存儲。LCM1010為十位八段式帶背光液晶顯示模塊，采用三線串行接口，它具有功耗低和編程方便的特點(diǎn)。該顯示共分兩行顯示，第一行6位顯示累計(jì)里程，第二行4位（１位小數(shù)）用于顯示小計(jì)里程。Ｋ1為小計(jì)里程清零鍵，Ｒ４用于調(diào)節(jié)液晶顯示器的

44、視角對比度。芯片X25045是Xicor公司推出的帶有可編程μＰ 監(jiān)控器的CMOS串行EEPROM，帶有4096位，按512×8來組織。它具有4字節(jié)頁寫方式和10萬次使用周期，數(shù)據(jù)可保存100年。為了保證累計(jì)里程單元的個(gè)位或小計(jì)單元的小數(shù)位可靠刷新，當(dāng)這些單元接近極限使用周期時(shí)，可采取換頁的辦法來使這些數(shù)據(jù)移動到新單元以繼續(xù)計(jì)數(shù)。</p><p>　　霍爾傳感器具有許多優(yōu)點(diǎn)，它們的結(jié)構(gòu)牢固，體積小，重量

45、輕，壽命長，安裝方便，功耗小，頻率高（可達(dá)1MHZ），耐震動，不怕灰塵、油污、水汽及鹽霧等的污染或腐蝕。 霍爾線性器件的精度高、線性度好；霍爾開關(guān)器件無觸點(diǎn)、無磨損、輸出波形清晰、無抖動、無回跳、位置重復(fù)精度高（可達(dá)μm級）。取用了各種補(bǔ)償和保護(hù)措施的霍爾器件的工作溫度范圍寬可達(dá)－55℃～150℃。</p><p>　　本設(shè)計(jì)以單片機(jī)AT89C2051來實(shí)現(xiàn)里程累計(jì)、小計(jì)、清零及存儲，并以LM1819集成電路驅(qū)動

46、十字線圈表頭，從而實(shí)現(xiàn)了車速的指示。再利用霍爾傳感器傳輸信號。實(shí)現(xiàn)該設(shè)計(jì)方案成本低、指針穩(wěn)定性好、響應(yīng)速度快、抗震性強(qiáng)、可靠性和性價(jià)比都很高。經(jīng)實(shí)際使用證明，該里程表完全可以取代傳統(tǒng)的以軟軸驅(qū)動的車速里程表。當(dāng)然，這只是一種實(shí)現(xiàn)方案，也可以由單片機(jī)通過軟件來驅(qū)動十字線圈表頭，即由單片機(jī)分別控制表頭的正弦線圈和余弦線圈而省去LM1819集成電路。</p><p>　　單片機(jī)課程是已們實(shí)踐性很強(qiáng)的專業(yè)技術(shù)課程，初學(xué)者

47、只有通過大量的編程、實(shí)驗(yàn)、調(diào)試、設(shè)計(jì)制作等一系列的實(shí)踐環(huán)節(jié)的訓(xùn)練，才能真正理解單片機(jī)軟件及硬件設(shè)計(jì)和調(diào)試技巧，才能靈活的運(yùn)用單片機(jī)的各條指令系統(tǒng)和各種開發(fā)調(diào)試工具，設(shè)計(jì)出高效、可靠、低功耗、體積更小的單片機(jī)應(yīng)用系統(tǒng)，充分體現(xiàn)單片機(jī)的嵌入式應(yīng)用特色。要進(jìn)行單片機(jī)的開發(fā)、實(shí)驗(yàn)及課程設(shè)計(jì)等，必須有一套軟硬件開發(fā)工具，這樣可以省下許多寶貴的時(shí)間及精力，提高工作效率。單片機(jī)是計(jì)算機(jī)家族的一個(gè)重要分支，它具有體積小、價(jià)格低、面向控制的特點(diǎn)，適用于各

48、種工業(yè)控制、儀器儀表裝置，在人類生產(chǎn)和生活的各個(gè)領(lǐng)域都有極為廣泛的應(yīng)用。</p><p>　　近年來，微型計(jì)算機(jī)的發(fā)展速度足以讓人們驚嘆，以計(jì)算機(jī)為主導(dǎo)的信息技術(shù)作為一種新的生產(chǎn)力，正在向社會的各個(gè)領(lǐng)域滲透，也使機(jī)電一體化的進(jìn)程大大加快。</p><p>　　機(jī)電一體化是當(dāng)今制造技術(shù)和產(chǎn)品發(fā)展的主要傾向，也是我國機(jī)電工業(yè)發(fā)展的必由之路?？梢哉J(rèn)為，它是用系統(tǒng)工程學(xué)的觀點(diǎn)和方法，研究在機(jī)電系統(tǒng)

49、和產(chǎn)品中如何將機(jī)械、計(jì)算機(jī)、信息處理和自動控制技術(shù)綜合應(yīng)用，以求機(jī)電系統(tǒng)和產(chǎn)品達(dá)到最佳的組合。機(jī)電一體化產(chǎn)品所需要的是嵌入式微機(jī)，而單片機(jī)具有體積小、集成度高、功能強(qiáng)等特點(diǎn)，適于嵌入式應(yīng)用。智能儀器、家用電器、數(shù)控機(jī)床、工業(yè)控制等機(jī)電設(shè)備和產(chǎn)品中竟相使用單片機(jī)。</p><p>　　就目前而言，單片機(jī)的發(fā)展勢頭依然不減，各種型號和功能更強(qiáng)的單片機(jī)和超級接口芯片不斷出現(xiàn)，進(jìn)一步向高層次發(fā)展的重要標(biāo)志就是構(gòu)成多機(jī)系統(tǒng)

50、和分布式網(wǎng)絡(luò)。世界上單片機(jī)芯片的產(chǎn)量以每年27%的速度遞增，到本世紀(jì)初已達(dá)30億片，而我國的年需求量也超過了億片的數(shù)量，這表明單片機(jī)有著廣闊的應(yīng)用前景。本課程主要針對目前我國早期應(yīng)用比較廣泛的“MCS-51”單片機(jī)進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)的講解和分析。為使用和開發(fā)各類機(jī)電一體化設(shè)備和儀表建立基礎(chǔ)。</p><p>　　關(guān)于轉(zhuǎn)速表的設(shè)計(jì)已經(jīng)有很多可供參考,但大部分都是由機(jī)械式或模擬數(shù)字電路來實(shí)現(xiàn)的。 存在著體積大、精度低、不直觀、

51、功耗大、功能少，而且采樣時(shí)間長，難以測得瞬時(shí)轉(zhuǎn)速。 由于單片機(jī)具有體積小、控制功能強(qiáng)等特點(diǎn),故它在控制方面得到了廣泛的應(yīng)用。 我們所要設(shè)計(jì)的多功能轉(zhuǎn)速控制系統(tǒng)就是以單片機(jī)為核心來實(shí)現(xiàn)智能化儀表。它具有功能多,功耗小、直觀準(zhǔn)確,可顯示時(shí)間、限速報(bào)警系統(tǒng)、打印、瞬間轉(zhuǎn)速等優(yōu)點(diǎn)。文中闡述了該類轉(zhuǎn)速表的光電傳感器工作原理、結(jié)構(gòu)及轉(zhuǎn)速轉(zhuǎn)換電路的設(shè)計(jì)。本設(shè)計(jì)采用的譯碼器是MC14499，它是MOTOROLA公司的高集成度LED顯示驅(qū)動器，采用動態(tài)掃

52、描方式顯示驅(qū)動4個(gè)LED數(shù)碼管。它集鎖存、譯碼、驅(qū)動、掃描、時(shí)鐘于一體。</p><p>　　該設(shè)計(jì)能實(shí)時(shí)地將所測的速度顯示出來，同時(shí)也能夠累計(jì)顯示總里程數(shù)。該速度里程表能將傳感器輸入到單片機(jī)的脈沖信號的寬度（傳感器將車速轉(zhuǎn)變成相應(yīng)寬度的脈沖信號）實(shí)時(shí)地測量出來，然后通過單片機(jī)計(jì)算出速度和里程，再將所得的數(shù)據(jù)存儲到串口數(shù)據(jù)存儲器，并由串口液晶顯示模塊實(shí)時(shí)顯示出所測速度。本設(shè)計(jì)用兩個(gè)按鍵來控制顯示速度或里程?？紤]到

53、信號的衰減、干擾等影響，在信號送入單片機(jī)前應(yīng)對其進(jìn)行放大整形，然后再輸入到單片機(jī)進(jìn)行測速。單片機(jī)利用定時(shí)器T0的控制功能測出輸入信號的周期后，再利用單片機(jī)的算術(shù)運(yùn)算功能將周期轉(zhuǎn)換成速度，同時(shí)每秒鐘進(jìn)行一次里程累計(jì)，從而計(jì)算出總里程。最后將得出的速度、里程值存儲在EEPROM中，并根據(jù)兩個(gè)按鍵的選擇情況來顯示速度或里程。為了方便計(jì)算要顯示數(shù)據(jù)值的段碼，可再將其轉(zhuǎn)換成壓縮的BCD碼，然后通過查表將要顯示的數(shù)據(jù)值中每一位的壓縮BCD碼轉(zhuǎn)換成8

54、段碼送到顯示緩沖區(qū)，最后經(jīng)串口送至液晶顯示模塊以顯示所測的速度或里程。</p><p>　　設(shè)計(jì)時(shí)，應(yīng)綜合考慮測速精度和系統(tǒng)反應(yīng)時(shí)間。本設(shè)計(jì)用測量脈沖頻率來計(jì)算速度，因而具有較高的測速精度。為了保證系統(tǒng)的實(shí)時(shí)性，系統(tǒng)的速度轉(zhuǎn)換模塊和顯示數(shù)據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)BCD碼模塊都采用快速算法。另外，還應(yīng)盡量保證其它子模塊在編程時(shí)的通用性和高效性。本設(shè)計(jì)的速度和里程值采用8位顯示，并包含兩個(gè)小數(shù)位。</p><p>

55、;　　介紹了一種基于單片機(jī)AT89C2051的速度里程表的設(shè)計(jì)方法。由于該方案中使用了串口段碼液晶顯示模塊EEPROM儲存器，因而節(jié)省了硬件資源，提高了系統(tǒng)性價(jià)比。同時(shí)，也有益于在此電路基礎(chǔ)上利用單片機(jī)的資源擴(kuò)展其它功能。</p><p>　　單片機(jī)與轉(zhuǎn)速表是密不可分的。</p><p>　　螃羄膀蕆蠆羃節(jié)芀薅肂羈蒅蒁蠆肄羋莇蚈膆蒃蚆蚇羆芆螞蚆肈薂薈蚅膀莄蒄蚄芃膇螂蚃羂莃蚈蚃肅膆薄螂膇莁蒀

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