外文翻譯---淺析中國(guó)教育行業(yè)發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀

1、<p>　　淺析中國(guó)教育行業(yè)發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀</p><p>　　一、中國(guó)教育行業(yè)發(fā)展?fàn)顩r綜述</p><p><b>　　1.行業(yè)發(fā)展環(huán)境</b></p><p>　　改革開放以來，中國(guó)基礎(chǔ)教育發(fā)展較快，學(xué)校數(shù)、在校生數(shù)及生師比較為合理，專任教師學(xué)歷合格比例得到較大提升。男女童凈入學(xué)率達(dá)到99%以上，女童入學(xué)率甚至高于男童0.04個(gè)百分點(diǎn)。

2、義務(wù)教育階段專任教師學(xué)歷合格率得到提升，小學(xué)為98.87%，初中為96.34%。生師比進(jìn)一步合理化，小學(xué)為19.17∶1，初中為17.15∶1。高中階段毛入學(xué)率在2006年達(dá)到59.8%。普通高中生師比18.13∶1，專任教師學(xué)歷合格率達(dá)到86.46%。但仍存在著以下需要改進(jìn)完善的方面。1、義務(wù)教育普及水平不斷提高，但每年都有大量?jī)和療o法完成義務(wù)教育。2、中等職業(yè)技術(shù)教育有所發(fā)展，但中等教育結(jié)構(gòu)仍不合理。3、辦學(xué)條件有所改善，但仍存在較

3、大的地區(qū)差異、城鄉(xiāng)差異和校際差異。4、教師隊(duì)伍建設(shè)成效明顯，但隊(duì)伍配置差異過大,教師待遇存在著地區(qū)、城鄉(xiāng)差異，不利于經(jīng)濟(jì)落后地區(qū)尤其是農(nóng)村地區(qū)的教師安心工作。5、政府經(jīng)費(fèi)投入逐年增加，但投入總量仍顯不足，且地區(qū)差異較大。2005年國(guó)家財(cái)政性教育經(jīng)費(fèi)為5161.08億元，占國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值比例為2.82%。6、新一輪基礎(chǔ)教育課程改革在全國(guó)范圍內(nèi)迅速普及；但是課改也有表面化、形式化、理想化等</p><p>　　職業(yè)教育

4、的發(fā)展和改革取得了重大突破。堅(jiān)持“以服務(wù)為宗旨、以就業(yè)為導(dǎo)向”，職業(yè)教育持續(xù)快速發(fā)展。2005年、2006年，中等職業(yè)學(xué)校連續(xù)兩年分別擴(kuò)招100萬(wàn)人，2007年再擴(kuò)大招生50萬(wàn)人，當(dāng)年招生規(guī)模達(dá)到801萬(wàn)人，占整個(gè)高中階段教育的半壁江山。高等職業(yè)教育又好又快發(fā)展，培養(yǎng)了大批現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)需要的高技能人才。職業(yè)教育招生達(dá)到1100萬(wàn)人，在校生數(shù)超過3000萬(wàn)人，實(shí)現(xiàn)了教育結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整的戰(zhàn)略意圖，不僅推動(dòng)了經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展，也為促進(jìn)就業(yè)和社會(huì)和諧作出了貢獻(xiàn)

5、。</p><p>　　2、教育行業(yè)宏觀環(huán)境和微觀環(huán)境</p><p>　　2008年，美國(guó)次貸危機(jī)引發(fā)的全球金融危機(jī)不斷發(fā)展，加之國(guó)內(nèi)突發(fā)自然災(zāi)害，對(duì)中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展產(chǎn)生不利影響。本文對(duì)國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)主要指標(biāo)分別進(jìn)行了預(yù)測(cè)，得出宏觀形勢(shì)上的判斷：2008年我國(guó)國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)速度將有所放緩，2009年GDP增長(zhǎng)率雖然將繼續(xù)有所回落，但仍有望保持9.3%左右的較快增長(zhǎng)。在新形勢(shì)下要把促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)平穩(wěn)較快發(fā)展

6、作為當(dāng)前宏觀調(diào)控的重點(diǎn)，并要抓住機(jī)遇轉(zhuǎn)變經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展方式。要實(shí)施適度擴(kuò)張的財(cái)政政策和靈活審慎的貨幣政策，減緩和抵御外部沖擊造成的不利影響，積極擴(kuò)大內(nèi)需，促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)平穩(wěn)較快發(fā)展。</p><p>　　從世界性經(jīng)濟(jì)增速放緩的趨勢(shì)看，2009年發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家和發(fā)展中國(guó)的經(jīng)濟(jì)受金融風(fēng)暴沖擊，都難以走出低迷。2009年，宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)面臨的國(guó)內(nèi)外環(huán)境將更加趨緊，尤其是內(nèi)部經(jīng)濟(jì)內(nèi)生性變化帶來的周期性調(diào)整壓力可能會(huì)明顯大于08年。世界經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)周

7、期性變化和國(guó)內(nèi)周期性因素相疊加，增大了09年經(jīng)濟(jì)進(jìn)一步向下調(diào)整的壓力。但是，我國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)長(zhǎng)期增長(zhǎng)的內(nèi)在條件沒有改變，加上各項(xiàng)宏觀調(diào)控政策的效果開始逐步顯現(xiàn)，09年經(jīng)濟(jì)繼續(xù)向下調(diào)整的幅度可能會(huì)小于08年。初步預(yù)計(jì)2009年我國(guó)GDP增長(zhǎng)將不高于9%。</p><p>　　二、中國(guó)教育行業(yè)投入情況</p><p>　　國(guó)家經(jīng)過多年的一系列措施教育投入，中國(guó)既看到了成績(jī)同時(shí)又看到了不足，在此中國(guó)憧憬

8、“十一五”時(shí)期的教育事業(yè)將得到更進(jìn)一步的發(fā)展。第一，在義務(wù)教育方面，中央和地方政府將新增教育經(jīng)費(fèi)主要用于農(nóng)村，采取了一系列重大措施加大對(duì)農(nóng)村義務(wù)教育的投入：一是實(shí)施“西部地區(qū)兩基攻堅(jiān)計(jì)劃”、“農(nóng)村中小學(xué)現(xiàn)代遠(yuǎn)程教育工程”、“國(guó)家貧困地區(qū)義務(wù)教育工程”、“農(nóng)村中小學(xué)危房改造工程”，極大地改善了農(nóng)村中小學(xué)的辦學(xué)條件，加快了西部地區(qū)“兩基”攻堅(jiān)的步伐。二是免除農(nóng)村義務(wù)教育階段學(xué)生的學(xué)雜費(fèi)，對(duì)貧困家庭學(xué)生免費(fèi)提供教科書和補(bǔ)助寄宿生生活費(fèi)。這項(xiàng)政

9、策惠及了一億五千萬(wàn)的農(nóng)村學(xué)生。僅免除學(xué)雜費(fèi)一項(xiàng)，平均每個(gè)小學(xué)生家庭年減負(fù)140-180元，初中生家庭年減負(fù)180-230元。三是把農(nóng)村義務(wù)教育全面納入國(guó)家財(cái)政保障范圍，政府承擔(dān)起義務(wù)教育的全面責(zé)任，這是中國(guó)教育發(fā)展史上的一個(gè)重要里程碑。預(yù)計(jì)“十一五”時(shí)期中央和地方政府用于農(nóng)村義務(wù)教育經(jīng)費(fèi)保障機(jī)制改革的資金將達(dá)2182億元。第二，在職業(yè)教育方面，“十一五”時(shí)期，中央將投入100億元支持職業(yè)教育基礎(chǔ)能力建設(shè)。第三，在高等教育方面，“十一五”

10、時(shí)期，在繼續(xù)實(shí)施“985”工程和“211</p><p>　　2008年國(guó)家不斷加大對(duì)教育的投入，其中60%的資金用在了基礎(chǔ)教育。2008年政府工作報(bào)告指出，08年中央財(cái)政用于教育的投入，將由去年的1076億元增加到1562億元；地方財(cái)政也都要增加投入。堅(jiān)持優(yōu)先發(fā)展教育，在全國(guó)城鄉(xiāng)普遍實(shí)行免費(fèi)義務(wù)教育。繼續(xù)增加農(nóng)村義務(wù)教育公用經(jīng)費(fèi)，提高保障水平。適當(dāng)提高農(nóng)村家庭經(jīng)濟(jì)困難寄宿生生活費(fèi)補(bǔ)助標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。認(rèn)真落實(shí)保障經(jīng)濟(jì)困難家

11、庭、進(jìn)城務(wù)工人員子女平等接受義務(wù)教育的措施。在試點(diǎn)基礎(chǔ)上，從今年秋季起全面免除城市義務(wù)教育學(xué)雜費(fèi)，這是推動(dòng)義務(wù)教育均衡發(fā)展、促進(jìn)教育公平的又一重大舉措。</p><p>　　“科教興國(guó)”是保證中國(guó)能夠長(zhǎng)期、穩(wěn)定、高速發(fā)展的戰(zhàn)略國(guó)策，教育信息化是達(dá)成該戰(zhàn)略國(guó)策的重要手段之一，在我國(guó)相對(duì)發(fā)達(dá)及中等發(fā)達(dá)地區(qū)，高等教育的網(wǎng)絡(luò)建設(shè)已接近完成，不少高等院校已開始對(duì)其校園網(wǎng)絡(luò)進(jìn)行改造升級(jí)。在我國(guó)東部、南部較為發(fā)達(dá)地區(qū)，基礎(chǔ)教育

12、網(wǎng)絡(luò)建設(shè)已達(dá)到相當(dāng)規(guī)模。在其他教育領(lǐng)域，如職業(yè)教育、師范教育、成人教育及終身繼續(xù)教育等，網(wǎng)絡(luò)信息化建設(shè)也在不斷推進(jìn)之中。教育行業(yè)用戶的需求是最豐富的，教研、教學(xué)、教師辦公等教育行業(yè)應(yīng)用涉及了眾多應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域和方面，因此，豐富、廣泛的應(yīng)用需求尤其需要高可信任的產(chǎn)品來支持，滿足高性能計(jì)算、多媒體、多種教學(xué)與互聯(lián)網(wǎng)服務(wù)、數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)管理等各個(gè)應(yīng)用方面的要求。</p><p>　　三、經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)下教育的發(fā)展趨勢(shì)和教育設(shè)備采購(gòu)情況&l

13、t;/p><p>　　“科教興國(guó)”是保證中國(guó)能夠長(zhǎng)期、穩(wěn)定、高速發(fā)展的戰(zhàn)略國(guó)策，教育信息化是達(dá)成該戰(zhàn)略國(guó)策的重要手段之一，在中國(guó)相對(duì)發(fā)達(dá)及中等發(fā)達(dá)地區(qū)，高等教育的網(wǎng)絡(luò)建設(shè)已接近完成，不少高等院校已開始對(duì)其校園網(wǎng)絡(luò)進(jìn)行改造升級(jí)。在中國(guó)東部、南部較為發(fā)達(dá)地區(qū)，基礎(chǔ)教育網(wǎng)絡(luò)建設(shè)已達(dá)到相當(dāng)規(guī)模。在其他教育領(lǐng)域，如職業(yè)教育、師范教育、成人教育及終身繼續(xù)教育等，網(wǎng)絡(luò)信息化建設(shè)也在不斷推進(jìn)之中。教育行業(yè)用戶的需求是最豐富的，教研、

14、教學(xué)、教師辦公等教育行業(yè)應(yīng)用涉及了眾多應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域和方面，因此，豐富、廣泛的應(yīng)用需求尤其需要高可信任的產(chǎn)品來支持，滿足高性能計(jì)算、多媒體、多種教學(xué)與互聯(lián)網(wǎng)服務(wù)、數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)管理等各個(gè)應(yīng)用方面的要求。</p><p>　　為了教育行業(yè)的企業(yè)能深入了解教育行業(yè)用戶的需求，也為了教育行業(yè)用戶能選購(gòu)到更優(yōu)質(zhì)的產(chǎn)品，慧聰教育行業(yè)研究對(duì)教育行業(yè)用戶進(jìn)行了問卷調(diào)查，在消除個(gè)體用戶差異性的基礎(chǔ)上，結(jié)合教育行業(yè)的具體情況，對(duì)教育行業(yè)用戶的購(gòu)

15、買行為進(jìn)行綜合分析。</p><p>　　加快政策導(dǎo)向性無疑是國(guó)內(nèi)教育采購(gòu)市場(chǎng)最鮮明的特點(diǎn)。從上世紀(jì)90年代中后期開始，伴隨著“十五”、“十一五”計(jì)劃的相繼啟動(dòng)，“211工程”、全國(guó)性高教擴(kuò)招、本科院校教育評(píng)估、校校通工程、農(nóng)村中小學(xué)現(xiàn)代遠(yuǎn)程教育工程、職教發(fā)展計(jì)劃等陸續(xù)出臺(tái)的國(guó)家教育政策，為教育市場(chǎng)持續(xù)注入著強(qiáng)勁的活力，并強(qiáng)有力地主導(dǎo)著整個(gè)教育信息化市場(chǎng)的發(fā)展方向。同樣，2007年，隨著政策側(cè)重點(diǎn)的轉(zhuǎn)移和變化，教

16、育信息化市場(chǎng)的熱點(diǎn)也在發(fā)生劇烈的遷移。但由于教育產(chǎn)業(yè)的特殊性，當(dāng)前和今后相當(dāng)長(zhǎng)的歷史時(shí)期內(nèi)，隨著社會(huì)和經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展對(duì)勞動(dòng)者素質(zhì)的要求越來越高，教育產(chǎn)業(yè)市場(chǎng)也有著日趨擴(kuò)大態(tài)勢(shì)。</p><p>　　教育的跨越式發(fā)展需要高額資金的投入，僅僅依靠國(guó)家對(duì)教育行業(yè)的投資已經(jīng)不能解決問題。特別是在教育信息化的浪潮來臨之際，因地制宜的各種融資租賃模式的出現(xiàn)使諸多學(xué)校的資金窘境得到了有效的緩解。近年來，教育領(lǐng)域的融資租賃發(fā)展非常迅速

17、。其中典型的模式是IT設(shè)備租賃服務(wù)，此種在國(guó)外發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家中大行其道的服務(wù)由IBM、HP等大型IT廠商引入中國(guó)，并為國(guó)內(nèi)聯(lián)想、TCL等企業(yè)所借鑒。</p><p><b>　　總結(jié)：</b></p><p>　　展望2009年，國(guó)際經(jīng)濟(jì)環(huán)境更趨嚴(yán)峻，國(guó)內(nèi)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展面臨著周期性調(diào)整和結(jié)構(gòu)性調(diào)整雙重壓力。要保持我國(guó)的強(qiáng)勁發(fā)展活力，增強(qiáng)抵御國(guó)際風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的能力，需要做出更加艱苦的努力。

18、中國(guó)國(guó)務(wù)院總理溫家寶指出，要辦好各級(jí)各類教育，必須抓好三項(xiàng)工作：一要全面實(shí)施素質(zhì)教育，推進(jìn)教育改革創(chuàng)新。深化教學(xué)內(nèi)容和方式、考試和招生制度、質(zhì)量評(píng)價(jià)制度等改革。切實(shí)減輕中小學(xué)生的課業(yè)負(fù)擔(dān)。二要加強(qiáng)教師隊(duì)伍特別是農(nóng)村教師隊(duì)伍建設(shè)，完善和落實(shí)教師工資、津補(bǔ)貼制度。三要加大教育事業(yè)投入。進(jìn)一步規(guī)范教育收費(fèi)。鼓勵(lì)和規(guī)范民辦教育發(fā)展。沒有全民教育的普及和提高，便沒有國(guó)家現(xiàn)代化的未來。要讓孩子們上好學(xué)，辦好人民滿意的教育，提高全民族的素質(zhì)。加強(qiáng)對(duì)教

19、育發(fā)展和改革重大問題的科學(xué)研究，是教育決策科學(xué)化、民主化的客觀要求，也是教育科學(xué)研究特別是宏觀教育研究的緊迫任務(wù)。隨著我國(guó)教育事業(yè)改革與發(fā)展，宏觀教育研究正在得到各級(jí)黨政部門的重視，得到教育界和社會(huì)各界越來越多的關(guān)注。</p><p><b>　　外文文獻(xiàn)原文 </b></p><p>　　Foreign literature textual </p>

20、<p>　　China's education industry development shallow status quo</p><p>　　A Chinese education industry development condition, were reviewed</p><p>　　1. Industry development environment&l

21、t;/p><p>　　Since the reform and opening up, China's basic education is developing fast, school number, number of students and teachers and students, full-time teachers for reasonable comparison in proportio

22、n to get bigger ascent. Qualified Net enrollment rate reached 99% specialize, schoolgirls is even higher than boys 0.04 percentage points. Compulsory education phase qualified full-time teachers get a raise, in elementar

23、y school, junior high school for 96.34% 98.87% for. Student/teacher ratio for further</p><p>　　Vocational education development and reform has made a major breakthrough. Adhere to the "service for the p

24、urpose, the employment as the guidance," vocational education continued rapid development. In 2005 and 2006, secondary vocational school enrollment 100 million respectively for two consecutive years in 2007, enlarge

25、d enrollment 500,000 people again, when the enrollment scale 801 million, of the whole to the high school stage education barcap status. Higher vocational education, nice and fas</p><p>　　2, the education in

26、dustry macro environment and microcosmic environments</p><p>　　In 2008, the U.S. subprime mortgage crisis in global financial crisis caused by the unceasing development, and domestic sudden natural disasters

27、 in China, produce unfavorable effects on economic growth. This paper main index, national economy is forecasted, and the judgment that macro situation in China: the 2008 national economic growth rate will be eased, 2009

28、 GDP growth although will continue falling, but still is expected to remain 9.3 per cent or so fast growth. In the new situation, we mus</p><p>　　From the global economic slowdown in the trend, 2009 develope

29、d countries and development of China's economic impact by financial turmoil, hard out of recession. 2009, macro economic environment will face more at home and abroad, especially the internal economic tightening of e

30、ndogenous changes periodically adjustment pressure may be significantly greater than in 2008. The growth of the world economy periodicity changes and domestic cyclical factors are aliased, increased the 2009 economic fur

31、the</p><p>　　Second, China education industry devoted circumstance</p><p>　　Countries after years of a series of measures to education investment, China can see the results also saw is insuffici

32、ent, in this Chinese longings of the "eleventh five-year plan" period education career will get further development. First, the education, the obligation of the central and local governments will add education

33、expenditure is mainly used in the countryside, adopted a series of important measures of rural compulsory education increase input: one is the implementation of "western ar</p><p>　　The 2008 national ed

34、ucation investment increasing to, 60% of the funds used in the foundation education. In 2008 the government work report, the central finance in 2008 for education investment, by last year's will increase 1076 billion

35、 yuan to 156.2 billion yuan; Local governments will also increase funding. Insist on education, at a national priority to the development of urban and rural free obligation education universally practised. Continue to in

36、crease rural compulsory education public fun</p><p>　　"Rejuvenating" is pledged that China can long-term, stability, high speed development of strategic policy, education informatization is the str

37、ategic policy reached one of the important methods in China's relatively developed, moderately developed regions, and the higher education network construction has nearly complete, many universities have begun to the

38、 campus network for upgrading. In China's eastern, southern more developed regions based education network construction, has reached a fairly</p><p>　　Third, under the economic crisis education and the d

39、evelopment trend of education equipment purchasing situation</p><p>　　"Rejuvenating" is pledged that China can long-term, stability, high speed development of strategic policy, education informatiz

40、ation is the strategic policy reached one of the important means, in China's relatively developed moderately developed regions, and higher education network construction has nearly complete, many universities have be

41、gun to the campus network for upgrading. In China Eastern, southern relatively developed regions based education network construction, has reached a fairly l</p><p>　　In order to education industry enterpris

42、es education industry can understanding the needs of users, but also for education industry users can choose and buy more high-quality product, education industry research for education hc360.com industry users in a ques

43、tionnaire survey, the individual users to eliminate differences based on education industry, combining with the specific conditions of education, industry users buying behavior analysis.</p><p>　　Speed up do

44、mestic education policy directed is undoubtedly the most distinct characteristics of purchasing market. From the late 1990s began, with "15", "11th five-year" plan subsequently startup, "211 proj

45、ect", national higher education evaluation, universities and colleges of undergraduate course enrollment, officer officer is connected engineering, modern distance education project elementary and secondary schools

46、in rural areas, vocational education development plan of countries such as educ</p><p>　　Education great-leap-forward development need high capital investment, only to depend on the state of education indust

47、ry investment has not solve the problem. Especially in education informatization tide approaching, according to various financing lease mode emerges that many school funds had been effectively relieve dilemma. In recent

48、years, the financing lease of education field developing very quickly. One typical pattern is IT equipment rental service, this in the developed countries abroad </p><p>　　Conclusion:</p><p>　　L

49、ooking to 2009, the international economic environment more hasten is severe, the domestic economic development faces periodic adjustments and structural adjustment double pressure. To keep our country strong development

50、 vigor, strengthens the ability of resisting international risks, need to make more hard effort. Chinese premier wen jiabao said, want to do good education of various levels, we must focus on the following three tasks ed