美國社會(huì)保障的改革【外文翻譯】_第1頁
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1、原文二：原文二：TheThesocialsocialsecuritysecurityrefmrefmofofAmericanAmericanJobslostduringtherecentrecessioncausedadelugeofapplicationstotheSocialSecurityDisabilityInsuranceprogram—methan6millioneachyearin20092010—threwintorel

2、iefthefactthattheSSDIprogramisstructurallyunsound.ThecurrentapplicationssurgewillacceleratetheexhaustionofSSDIstrustfundwillfceCongresstohavetochooseamongtwounpalatableoptions—increaseSSDIpayrolltaxesreducebenefitallowan

3、cerates.Butthatisnotenough.IftheparticularlyvulnerablepopulationtheSSDIisdesignedtoserveistobeprotectedwhilepreservingincentivestowktheprogramhastoberadicallyrestructured.WhyGetAJobEveninnmaleconomictimesthosewithmargina

4、llyphysicalmentalimpairmentsapplyinthehopeofacquiringdisabledstatusunderSSDI.AmongthosealreadyreceivingSSDIbenefitstheincentivetoreturntothewkfceisverypo.Revealingonesabilitytowkespeciallyifitsinalowpaidoccupationcouldca

5、usepermanentlossofSSDIbenefits.StrongwkdisincentivesunderSSDIresultfromitseligibilitystardthatguidesbenefitawards:aninabilitytoengageinsubstantialgainfulactivityf12monthsme.ProfesssDavidAutofMassachusettsInstituteofTechn

6、ologyMarkDugganoftheUniversityofMarylrecentlyproposedrefmingSSDItosolveitstwinproblemsofimpendingfiscalshtfallspoemploymentincentives.Theyproposeanew“frontend“universalprogramofprivatedisabilityinsurance(PDI)paidfoutofan

7、ewpayrolltaxtobesharedbyemployersemployees.PDIwouldprovideemploymentsupptstodisabledwkerswithaviewofkeepingthemApartfromdiscouragingfrivolousapplicationsmatydelaysmayalsodiscouragedeservingcidatesfromapplyingdecisionsabo

8、utinitialemploymentsupptswouldbemadebyprivateprofitdriveninsurancefirmspotentiallyresultinginunfairbenefitdenials.InadditionalthoughtheauthsestimatethecostofPDItobesmallrelativetoannualSSDIpayrolltaxes(falifetimemedianwa

9、geearner)theydonotincludethetaxpayercostofemployerincentivestoretaindisabledwkers.Thosesubsidiesmaywkduringnmaleconomictimesbutnotduringrecessionswhenthecompensationofdisabledwkers(ofthesubsidies)considerablyexceedstheir

10、productivity.FloodOfApplicantsOntheotherhPDImightattractsomanynewapplicants—includingfromamongthosecurrentlyemployed—thatsizablecostsavingstoSSDImaynevermaterialize.InthatcasePDIwouldjustbecomeanothernewpaygofinancedenti

11、tlementprogramofemploymentsupptswithoutanycommensurategainsinemploymentproductivity.IfindeedthisapproachcouldsaveSSDIcostsbyasmuchasthePDIproponentscontendanapplicationdelaywithemploymentsupptsfappropriatecidates—conditi

12、onalonlabfceattachmentdemonstrationthatemploymentsupptsareessential—couldbeintegratedintothecurrentSSDIprogramitself—anemploymentconditioneddisability“frontend.“ThiswayanycostsavingswouldaccrueimmediatelydirectlytoSSDI.T

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