語言學教程測試題及答案

1、Chapter 1 Introductions to LinguisticsI. Choose the best answer. (20%)1. Language is a system of arbitrary vocal symbols used for human __________A. contact B. communication C. relation

2、 D. community2. Which of the following words is entirely arbitrary?A. tree B. typewriter C. crash D. bang3. The function of the sentence “Water boils at 100 degrees Centigrade.” is _________

3、_.A. interrogative（疑問） B. directive C. informative D. performative4. In Chinese when someone breaks a bowl or a plate the host or the people present are likely to say“碎碎（歲歲）平安”as a means of controlling

4、the forces which they believes feel might affect their lives. Which functions does it perform?A. Interpersonal B. Emotive C. Performative√ D. Recreational5. Which of the following property of language enabl

5、es language users to overcome the barriers caused by time and place, due to this feature of language, speakers of a language are free to talk about anything in any situation?A. Transferability B. Duality C. Displ

6、acement D. Arbitrariness6. Study the following dialogue. What function does it play according to the functions of language?— A nice day, isn’t it?— Right! I really enjoy the sunlight.A. Emotive B. Phatic

7、 C. Performative D. Interpersonal7. __________ refers to the actual realization of the ideal language user’s knowledge of the rules of his language in utterances.A. Performance B. Competence C. Langue

8、 D. Parole8. When a dog is barking, you assume it is barking for something or at someone that exists hear and now. It couldn’t be sorrowful for some lost love or lost bone. This indicates the design feature

9、 of __________.A. cultural transmission B. productivity C. displacement D. duality9. __________ answers such questions as how we as infants acquire our first language.A. Psycholinguistics B.Anthropological

10、linguisticsC. Sociolinguistics D. Applied linguistics10. __________ deals with language application to other fields, particularly education.A. Linguistic theory B. Practical linguisticsC. Applied

11、linguistics D. Comparative linguisticsII. Decide whether the following statements are true or false. (10%)11. Language is a means of verbal communication. Therefore, the communication way us

12、ed by the deaf-mute is not language.F12. Language change is universal, ongoing and arbitrary.TF??13. Speaking is the quickest and most efficient way of the human communication systems.FT??unconscious. A tra

13、nsformational-generative grammar is a model of competence.34. Synchronic linguisticsSynchronic linguistics: It refers to the study of a language at a given point in time. The time studied may be either the present

14、 or a particular point in the past; synchronic analyses can also be made of dead languages, such as Latin. Synchronic linguistics is contrasted with diachronic linguistics, the study of a language over a period of time.V

15、. Answer the following questions. (20%)35. Why do people take duality as one of the important design features of human language? Can you tell us what language will be if it has no such design feature? （南開大學

16、，2004）Duality makes our language productive. A large number of different units can be formed out of a small number of elements – for instance, tens of thousands of words out of a small set of sounds, around 48 in the cas

17、e of the English language. And out of the huge number of words, there can be astronomical number of possible sentences and phrases, which in turn can combine to form unlimited number of texts. Most animal communication s

18、ystems do not have this design feature of human language. If language has no such design feature, then it will be like animal communicational system which will be highly limited. It cannot produce a very large number of

19、sound combinations, e.g. words, which are distinct in meaning.36. Why is it difficult to define language? （北京第二外國語大學，2004）It is difficult to define language, as it is such a general term that covers too many thing

20、s. Thus, definitions for it all have their own special emphasis, and are not totally free from limitations.VI. Analyze the following situation. (20%)37. How can a linguist make his analysis scientific? （青島海

21、洋大學，1999）It should be guided by the four principles of science: exhaustiveness, consistency, economy and objectivity and follow the scientific procedure: form hypothesis – collect data – check against the observable fact

22、s – come to a conclusion.I.1~5 BACCC 6~10 BACACII.11~15 FFTFF 16~20 FFFFFIII.21. verbal 22. pro

23、ductivity / creativity23. metalingual function 24. yo-he-ho25. scientific 26. descriptive27. speech 28. diachronic ling