高中英語(yǔ)直接引語(yǔ)與間接引語(yǔ)講義

1、直接引語(yǔ)和間接引語(yǔ)直接引語(yǔ)和間接引語(yǔ)一、概念一、概念：直接引語(yǔ)指直接引用別人的話，故必須有引號(hào)；間接引語(yǔ)為轉(zhuǎn)述別人的話，無(wú)引號(hào)。e.g.Hesaid“IwenttotheGreenLakeyesterday.”(直接引語(yǔ))HesaidthathehadgonetotheGreenLakethedaybefe.(間接引語(yǔ))二、步驟二、步驟（如何把直接引語(yǔ)變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)）：連接詞連接詞→人稱人稱→時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)態(tài)→狀語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)→語(yǔ)序語(yǔ)序第一步第一步：連接

2、詞1、直接引語(yǔ)為陳述句，用that.2、直接引語(yǔ)為一般疑問(wèn)句，用whether或if(主句動(dòng)詞常為ask)3、直接引語(yǔ)為特殊疑問(wèn)句，用特殊疑問(wèn)詞（whatwhenhow等）4、直接引語(yǔ)為祈使句，用tellderasksb.(not)todosth.e.g.(1)Hesaid“IwenttotheGreenLakeyesterday.”(陳述句)Hesaidthat…(2)Heasked“DidyougototheGreenLakeyes

3、terday”Heaskedwhetherif…(3)Don’tmakesomuchnoisechildren!”shesaid.Shetoldthechildrennottomakesomuchnoise.第二步第二步：人稱的變化一般可以通過(guò)翻譯來(lái)轉(zhuǎn)化人稱，也可以通過(guò)口訣“一隨主，二隨賓，第三人稱不更新”來(lái)記憶。e.g.Hesaid“IwenttotheGreenLakeyesterday.”Hesaidthathe…翻譯出來(lái)為：（他

4、說(shuō)，“我昨天去翠湖了?！保?，那么轉(zhuǎn)換過(guò)來(lái)為：（他說(shuō)他昨天去了翠湖。）由此可見(jiàn)，翻譯出來(lái)后人稱很好轉(zhuǎn)化。第三步第三步：時(shí)態(tài)的變化（引號(hào)內(nèi)的內(nèi)容向前推一個(gè)時(shí)態(tài)引號(hào)內(nèi)的內(nèi)容向前推一個(gè)時(shí)態(tài)）直接引語(yǔ)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般過(guò)去時(shí)一般將來(lái)時(shí)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)過(guò)去完成時(shí)間接引語(yǔ)一般過(guò)去時(shí)過(guò)去完成時(shí)過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)過(guò)去完成時(shí)過(guò)去完成時(shí)e.g.Hesaid“IwenttotheGreenLakeyesterday.”(一般過(guò)去時(shí))Hesaidthatheh

5、adgone...(過(guò)去完成時(shí))【注意】以下幾種情況時(shí)態(tài)以下幾種情況時(shí)態(tài)不變不變①直接引語(yǔ)是客觀真理。Theteachersaid“Theearthmovesaroundthesun.”→Theteachertoldmethattheearthmovesaroundthesunearth.②直接引語(yǔ)是過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)，時(shí)態(tài)不變。Jacksaid.“IwasdoingcheswhenTomcametoseeme”→Jacksaidthathew

6、asdoingcheswhenTomcametoseehimsaytellreptanswerreplyexplainannouncethink等；主句一般位于句首；間接引語(yǔ)用陳述句語(yǔ)序。Mr.Smithsaidme.→Mr.SmithtoldmethathewasleavingfTokyoonbusinessthenextday.一般疑問(wèn)句由ifwhether引導(dǎo)從句Hesaidtome“Doyouoftengotothecinema

7、”→HeaskedmewhetherIoftenwenttothecinema.反意疑問(wèn)句由ifwhether引導(dǎo)從句Jakesaid“Youhaveseensuchalovelysighthaven’tyou.”→JakeaskedmewhetherIhadseensuchalovelysight.選擇疑問(wèn)句由whether……引導(dǎo)從句Iaskedmyson“Willyoustayathomegowithus”→Iaskedmyson

8、whetherhewouldstayathomegowithus.疑問(wèn)句間接引語(yǔ)必須將疑問(wèn)句語(yǔ)序變?yōu)殛愂鼍湔Z(yǔ)序，句末用句號(hào)；主句的引述詞由say改為ask特殊疑問(wèn)句由原來(lái)的疑問(wèn)詞引導(dǎo)從句Studentsasked“Whenwillweattendthesptsmeeting”→Studentsaskedwhentheywouldattendthesptsmeeting.祈使句間接引語(yǔ)必須將肯定或否定祈使句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞相應(yīng)地變?yōu)榭隙ɑ蚍穸ǖ?/p>

9、不定式；主句引述詞由say改為asktelldercommwarnsuggestinsist等?！癓et’shaveabreak”theteachersaid.→Theteacheradvisedustohaveabreak.感嘆句間接引語(yǔ)的引導(dǎo)詞可以用thatwhathow。Sheshouted“Whatalovelyboyitis.”→Sheshoutedthatitwasalovelyboy.Sheshoutedwhatalove

10、lyboyitis.【注意】1.直接引語(yǔ)是祈使句，若表示請(qǐng)求，變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，應(yīng)使用asksb.（not）todosth.若表示命令，應(yīng)該使用telldersb.(not)todosth.2.直接引語(yǔ)是以let’s開(kāi)頭的祈使句，變間接時(shí)，通常用suggest動(dòng)名詞從句同樣，當(dāng)疑問(wèn)句并不是表示疑惑，而是建議等時(shí)，也可用suggestadvisee.g.shallwegettheticketfirst——hesuggestWhydon’ty

11、ousenditbacktothefacty3.直接引語(yǔ)中凡有Whensincewhile引導(dǎo)的從句在變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)只改變主句時(shí)態(tài)從句的時(shí)態(tài)不變GrammarWk[語(yǔ)法專練]1將下面的直接引語(yǔ)改為間接引語(yǔ)a.AuntEmilysaidtome“Iwilltakeyourdaughtertothehistymuseumtomrow.”_____________________________________________________

12、_______________________b.Tomasked“Doyouhavethehabitofhavingsptseveryday”____________________________________________________________________________c.Mysisteraskedme“Whendidyoufindtheanswertothisquestion”________________