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1、Questions21to25arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Fyearsdoctsadvisedtheirpatientsthattheonlythingtakingmultivitaminsdoesisgivethemextensiveurine(尿).Afteralltruevitamindeficienciesarepracticallyunheardofinindustrializedcountri
2、es.Nowitseemsthosedoctsmayhavebeenwrong.Theresultsofagrowingnumberofstudiessuggestthatevenamodestvitaminshtfallcanbeharmfultoyourhealth.Althoughproofofthebenefitsofmultivitaminsisstillfarfromcertainthefewdollarsyouspendo
3、nthemisprobablyagoodinvestment.atleastthat’stheargumentputfwardintheNewEnglJournalofMedicine.IdeallysayDr.WalterWillettDr.MeirStampferofHarvardallvitaminsupplementswouldbeevaluatedinscientificallyrigousclinicaltrials.But
4、thosestudiescantakealongtimeoftenraisemequestionsthantheyanswer.Atsomepointwhileresearcherswkonfiguringoutwherethetruthliesitjustmakessensetosaythepotentialbenefitoutweighsthecost.Thebestevidencetodateconcernsfolateoneof
5、theBvitamins.It’sbeenprovedtolimitthenumberofdefectsinembryos(胚胎)arecenttrialfoundthatfolateincombinationwithvitaminB12afmofB6alsodecreasesthereblockageofarteriesaftersurgicalrepair.ThenewsonvitaminEhasbeenmemixed.Health
6、yfolkswhotake400internationalunitsdailyfatleasttwoyearsappearsomewhatlesslikelytodevelopheartdisease.ButwhendoctsgivevitaminEtopatientswhoalreadyhaveheartdiseasethevitamindoesn’tseemtohelp.ItmayturnoutthatvitaminEplaysar
7、oleinpreventionbutcannotundoseriousdamage.DespitevitaminC’sgreatpopularityconsuminglargeamountsofitstillhasnotbeenpositivelylinkedtoanygreatbenefit.ThebodyquicklybecomessaturatedwithCsimplyexcretes(排泄)anyexcess.Themultiv
8、itaminsquestionboilsdowntothis:Doyouneedtowaituntilalltheevidenceisinbefeyoutakethemareyouwillingtoacceptthatthere’senoughevidencethattheydon’thurtcouldhelpIfthelatterthere’snoneedtogotoextremesbuythebiggesthsepillsthemo
9、stexpensivebottles.Largedosescancausetroubleincludingexcessivebleedingnervoussystemproblems.Multivitaminsarenosubstitutefexerciseabalanceddietofcourse.Aslongasyouunderstthatanypotentialbenefitismodestsubjecttofurtherrefi
10、nementtakingadailymultivitaminmakesalotofsense.21.Atonetimedoctsdiscouragedtakingmultivitaminsbecausetheybelievedthatmultivitamins________.A)couldnoteasilybeabsbedbythehumanbodyB)werepotentiallyharmfultopeople’shealthC)w
11、eretooexpensivefdailyconsumptionD)couldnotprovideanycurefvitamindeficiencies（A）22.Accdingtotheauthclinicaltrialsofvitaminsupplements________.A)oftenresultinmisleadingconclusionsB)taketimewillnotproduceconclusiveresultsC)
12、shouldbeconductedbyscientistsonalargerscaleD)appeartobeasheerwasteoftimeresources（B）23.IthasbeenfoundthatvitaminE________.A)shouldbetakenbypatientsregularlypersistentlyB)caneffectivelyreducetherecurrenceofheartdiseaseC)h
13、asapreventivebutnotcurativeeffectonheartdiseaseD)shouldbegiventopatientswithheartdiseaseasearlyaspossible（C）24.Itcanbeseenthatlargedosesofmultivitamins________.A)maybringaboutserioussideeffectsB)mayhelppreventexcessivebl
14、eedingC)arelikelytoinducetheblockageofarteriesD)areadvisablefthosewithvitamindeficiencies（A）25.Theauthconcludesthepassagewiththeadvicethat________.A)thebenefitofdailymultivitaminintakeoutweighsthatofexerciseabalanceddiet
15、B)it’sriskytotakemultivitaminswithoutknowingtheirspecificfunctionC)thepotentialbenefitofmultivitaminscanneverbeoverestimatedD)it’sreasonabletotakearationaldoseofmultivitaminsdailyQuestions26to30arebasedonthefollowingpass
16、age.Somefuturologistshaveassumedthatthevastupsurge(劇增)ofwomeninthewkfcemayptendarejectionofmarriage.Manywomenaccdingtothishypothesiswouldratherwkthanmarry.Theconverse(反面)ofthisconcernisthattheprospectsofbecomingamultisee
17、medunrealistictoassumethatmenineveryagehavehadincommonsomethingthatcanbecalled“humannature.”ThehisticalapproachwasreinfcedparticularlyintheUnitedStatesbystudiesinthefieldofculturalanthropology(人類學(xué)).Thestudyofprimitivepeo
18、pleshasdiscoveredsuchadiversityofcustomsvaluesfeelingsthoughtsthatmanyanthropologistsarrivedattheconceptthatmanisbnasablanksheetofpaperonwhicheachculturewritesitstext.Anotherfactcontributingtothetendencytodenytheassumpti
19、onofafixedhumannaturewasthattheconcepthassooftenbeenabusedasashieldbehindwhichthemostinhumanactsarecommitted.InthenameofhumannaturefexampleAristotlemostthinkersuptotheeighteenthcenturydefendedslavery.indertoprovetheratio
20、nalitynecessityofthecapitalistfmofsocietyscholarshavetriedtomakeacasefacquisitivenesscompetitivenessselfishnessasinnate(天生的)humantraits.Popularlyonereferscynicallyto“humannature”inacceptingtheinevitabilityofsuchundesirab
21、lehumanbehaviasgreedmurdercheatinglying.Anotherreasonfskepticismabouttheconceptofhumannatureprobablyliesintheinfluenceofevolutionarythinking.Oncemancametobeseenasdevelopingintheprocessofevolutiontheideaofasubstancewhichi
22、scontainedinhisessenceseemeduntenable.YetIbelieveitispreciselyfromanevolutionarystpointthatwecanexpectnewinsightintotheproblemofthenatureofman.31.Thetraditionalviewof“humannature”wasstronglychallengedby________.A)theemer
23、genceoftheevolutionarytheyB)thehisticalapproachtomanC)newinsightintohumanbehaviD)thephilosophicalanalysisofslavery（A）32.Accdingtothepassageanthropologistsbelievethathumanbeings________.A)havesometraitsincommonB)arebnwith
24、diverseculturesC)arebnwithoutafixednatureD)changetheiractersastheygrowup（C）33.TheauthmentionedAristotleagreatancientthinkerinderto________.A)emphasizethathecontributedalottodefiningtheconceptof“humannature”B)showthatthec
25、onceptof“humannature”wasusedtojustifysocialevilsC)provethathehadaprofoundinfluenceontheconceptof“humannature”D)suppttheideathatsomehumantraitsareacquired（D）34.Thewd“untenable”(Line3)inthelastparagraphofthepassagemostprob
26、ablymeans________.A)invaluableB)imaginableC)changeableD)indefensible（D）35.Mostphilosophersbelievedthathumannature________.A)isthequalitydistinguishingmanfromotheranimalsB)consistsofcompetitivenessselfishnessC)issomething
27、partlyinnatepartlyacquiredD)consistsofrationalityundesirablebehaviQuestions36to40arebasedonthefollowingpassage.RidSatavaprogrammanagerfadvancedmedicaltechnologieshasbeenadrivingfceinbringingvirtualrealitytomedicinewherec
28、omputerscreatea“virtual”simulatedenvironmentfsurgeonsothermedicalpractitioners(從業(yè)者).“Withvirtualrealitywe’llbeabletoputasurgeonineverytrench”saidSatava.Heenvisagedatimewhensoldierswhoarewoundedfightingoverseasareputinmob
29、ilesurgicalunitsequippedwithcomputers.ThecomputerswouldtransmitimagesofthesoldierstosurgeonsbackintheU.S.Thesurgeonswouldlookatthesoldierthroughvirtualrealityhelmets(頭盔)thatcontainasmallscreendisplayingtheimageofthewound
30、.Thedoctswouldguideroboticinstrumentsinthebattlefieldmobilesurgicalunitthatoperateonthesoldier.AlthoughSatava’svisionmaybeyearsawayfromstardoperatingprocedurescientistsareprogressingtowardvirtualrealitysurgery.Engineersa
31、taninternationalganizationinCalifniaaredevelopingateleoperatingdevice.Assurgeonswatchathreedimensionalimageofthesurgerytheymoveinstrumentsthatareconnectedtoacomputerwhichpassestheirmovementstoroboticinstrumentsthatperfmt
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