【西季威克】倫理學(xué)和方法論文集

1、SidgwickHenrySingerMarcusG.(Edit)ProfessEmeritusofPhilosophyUniversityofWisconsinMadisonEssaysonEthicsMethodPrintISBN01982502312000ContentsPrefaceixAbbreviationsxiiiIntroduction:ThePhilosophyofHenrySidgwickxivANoteontheC

2、ontentsxxxixANoteonGrotexlvPARTI.ETHICS1.Utilitarianism(1873)32.TheTheyofEvolutioninitsApplicationtoPractice(1876)103.ProfessCalderwoodonIntuitionisminMals(1876)234.Mr.BarrattonTheSuppressionofEgoism(1877)275.TheEstablis

3、hmentofEthicalFirstPrinciples(1879)296.SomeFundamentalEthicalControversies(1889)357.LawMality(1891)478.TheDistinctionbetweenIsOught(1892)599.TheRelationofEthicstoSociology(1899)63PARTII.VALUETHEYMALPSYCHOLOGY10.PleasureD

4、esire(1872)7911.HedonismUltimateGood(1877)8912.TheFeelingToneofDesireAversion(1892)9913.UnreasonableAction(1893)107PARTIII.METHOD:TRUTHEVIDENCEBELIEF14.VerificationofBeliefs(1871)12115.IncoherenceofEmpiricalPhilosophy(18

5、82)12916.ThePhilosophyofCommonSense(1895)13917.CriteriaofTruthErr(1900)15118.FurtherontheCriteriaofTruthErr(1900)166PARTIV.COMMENTSCRITIQUES19.GroteonUtilitarianismI(1871)17320.GroteonUtilitarianismII(1871)176endp.vii21.

6、FitzjamesStephenonMillonLiberty(1873)18122.BradleysEthicalStudies(1876)18523.Sidgwickvs.Bradley(1877)190HumanitiesSeminarfCollegeTeachersthatIdirectedinthesummerof1983madeavailableassignedanumberofSidgwicksepistemologica

7、laswellassomeofhisethicalessays.BartSchultzshtlyafterthepublicationofhisEssaysonHenrySidgwick—whichinturndevelopedoutofaconferenceonHenrySidgwickasPhilosopherendp.ixHistianthathehadarrangedattheUniversityofChicagoin1990a

8、lmostcertainlythefirstsuchconferenceeverheld—suggestedthatwecollabateonaionofSidgwicksessays.WithmycapacityflearningfromthepastnotwhollyobliteratedIatfirstdemurredbutafterawhileasBartisverypersuasiveIfinallyagreed.Westar

9、teddrawinguptentativetablesofcontentsfdiscussion(eventuallydiscoveredthatwehadsomedeepseateddisagreementsaboutsomeoftheitemstobeincluded—Godknowshowtheywouldhavebeenresolved)whilewewereinthediscussionstagePeterMomtchilof

10、fofOxfdUniversityPresstoldmethathehadheardthatIwaspreparingaionofSidgwicksessaysthathewouldliketoconsideritfpublication.BythistimeobviouslyinterestinSidgwickhadincreasedsomewhat.SoIsentMrMomtchiloffaprospectustentativeta

11、bleofcontentsheeventuallysentmeacontractwiththeresultthatyouarenowperusing.SometimeinthedleofthisprocesshoweverBartSchultzdecidedtowithdrawfromtheprojectsoIwasagainalonewithit.Theendresultcuriouslyenoughisveryclosetowhat

12、Ihadfirstbeenplanningintheearly1960s.SohereitisatlastSidgwicksEssaysonEthicsMethod.In1983soIganizedaSidgwickSociety.Itsgoalsweresummedupinitsiginalprospectus:TheSocietyhasbeenfoundedoutofadmirationftheacterofHenrySidgwic

13、kthewayhepracticedphilosophicalinquiry:carefulcautiouscontemplationconsideringallpointseverypossibilityalongwithhisresoluteaimattruthclarityclarifiedunderstinghiswidespreadinterestinnearlyeveryareaofphilosophyinsomanyoth

14、erareasofinquirylifehisresolutegoodsensegoodjudgmentgoodwill.ThustheSocietyhasasitsobjectthepursuitsupptemulationofsuchideals.Asomewhatlaterstatementreadthisway:TheSocietydoesnotdoanything—itholdsnomeetingspublishesnojou

15、rnalspapersnewsletterscollectsnodues.Itengagesinnoactivitiesofanystwhatever.ItjustisitexistsasatributetoHenrySidgwicktheexamplehesetinhisintellectualwklife.Itdoesnotconsistofagroupofdisciplesndoesitsetfthanyideology.Thev

16、eryideasofdiscipleshipofideologyarealtogetherinconsistentwiththeidealspracticesofitsnamesake.ItsmembersratherseektohontoemulatethedisinterestedimpartialsearchftruthilluminationthatanimatedstimulatedHenrySidgwickwhichserv

17、esfthemasamodelofdisinterestedsearchfundersting.TheinterestgeneratedinthisSocietythenumberofrequestsreceivedfrompeoplewhowantedtobeinvitedtobememberswasamazing.Therewasstartinginthe1980satleastmuchgreaterinterestinSidgwi

18、ckthanwehadpreviouslyknownaboutwecanbeprettysuretheinterestwasnotgeneratedbytherebeingnoduesnomeetingsnoduties.Anumberofdistinguishedendp.xphilosopherstoldmethattheywerehonedtobeontheBoardofDirectstheExecutiveCommitteeal