外文翻譯--可持續(xù)發(fā)展概念下的道路交通現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)

1、<p><b>　　中文7500字</b></p><p><b>　　英文文獻(xiàn)及譯文</b></p><p><b>　　英文文獻(xiàn)</b></p><p>　　Road traffic modernization under the sustainable development conc

2、ept </p><p>　　Review history of traffic engineering development of the road, evolution that the understanding idea which demonstrates a kind of person weaves into science and technology, the concept of desig

3、n of road once went through the improvement of a lot of levels: Regard fabrication cost of the project as the standard level; Combine the standard level of service level of the traffic; Increase the standard level of env

4、ironmental protection; Standard level of sustainable development. Improvement of every </p><p>　　1.Adjustment of the idea - Support the traffic facility system of sustainable development </p><p>

5、;　　Composition to the facility system of the traffic, as the progress of the human thought is changing constantly: It is early on the basis of limited construction ability and fund ability, it forms and only includes the

6、 most basic part - the noumenonn of the road, railway; After the traffic safety question is mentioned on the agenda, traffic sign and the mark, traffic monitoring system,etc. become the indispensable content in the facil

7、ity system of traffic; In the question rising space agenda of t</p><p>　　Developed country intelligent traffic system plan for example with America,Europe and Japan,etc., surface think this change and change

8、 of technology, traffic system of structure, have increased the system for traffic guiding, information system of the traffic,etc. in the traditional traffic system, and has adopted technology of the computer, control te

9、chnology, communication technology,etc. to carry on technological transformation. In fact it is this understanding that plays a supporting role in</p><p>　　The information system of the comprehensive traffic

10、 offers such information as traffic blocking, traffic accident, running time of the road on net,etc., offer the information of the public transport, help people to choose suitable traffic way, appropriate going out time,

11、 rational traffic route, impel the traffic to go out and is distributed and distributed rationally in the comprehensive traffic network, in order to lighten the burden of the whole traffic network. </p><p>

12、　　The system for traffic guiding offers information service to the vehicle driver, help them to find out about the traffic jam state of the network of the whole road, lead them to avoid the crowded highway section or the

13、 crossing, impel the whole road network load to melt evenly, achieve the goal of improving utilization efficiency. </p><p>　　Freight transportation administrative system supported by traffic information, ma

14、ke plan, dispatcher of vehicle, rationally, offer the goods to collect and mix service,etc., it was high-efficient that its goal promoted freight transportation. </p><p>　　Passenger traffic supported by tra

15、ffic information administrative system, manage the operation vehicle rationally, offer public transport services information, in order to improve the service level with systematic passenger traffic, attract more flow of

16、passengers, lighten the burden of the whole urban traffic system. </p><p>　　The control system of automatic steering is supported by automatic control technology, improve the vehicle traffic capacity of the

17、 area of the road to the unit, and strengthen the traffic security. </p><p>　　Therefore, in the proposition course of the new traffic system concept, need newer conduct of the idea and goal to lead the way.

18、 </p><p>　　Our times, sustainable development has already become the strategic objectives of a lot of countries, our country also regards it as great strategy to implement. Premier Li Peng led the group to a

19、ttend the meeting of environment and development of the United Nations in 1992 ( UNCED) ,Promise solemnly China will fulfil the file that the meeting passes, the General Secretary Jiang Zemin emphasizes in the speech at

20、the Fifth Plenary Session of the Fourteenth Central committee of the CPC and the fou</p><p>　　With the close and related sustainable development goal of infrastructure construction: Improve the society, econ

21、omy and environment of the human inhabited region; Improve inhabitting working environment and life quality of residents. This goal needs and could be realized effectively through the efforts of the multiple channel, it

22、produces the function in many aspects on this goal to build as the traffic of the important component of the infrastructure: Guide function, the guide to that the area</p><p>　　Interrelated with the developm

23、ent goal, can divide the complicated problem faced into the following level relation: </p><p>　　Question of the first level ( Goal layer) : Set up the road traffic integrated system which supports sustainab

24、le development, offer and support the frame to the regional space rationally, use the natural resources rationally, support economic development, basic condition of transport services with certain dependability of taking

25、 precautions against natural calamities and combatting a natural disaster effectively. At the same time what need to emphasize is, the direct purpose of the integrated s</p><p>　　Question of the second level

26、 ( Macro-control layer) : Realize the overall coordination of the traffic system and optimize through the planning means, in order to avoid the waste of resources, and build the traffic to regard as plan for land, urban

27、 system planning, the important support foundation of realizing the course of territory planning and regulation and control means; Guide and realize the rational structure of the traffic mode through the policy means, pr

28、omote using the rational utiliza</p><p>　　Question of the third level ( Technology layer) : Strengthen the application of the information technology in the traffic engineering, such as the system for traffi

29、c guiding, integrated information system of the traffic,etc.; Study and implement development of the public traffic system and technological progress conscientiously; Reduce the traffic pollution to the environment: Prev

30、ention and cure of the noise, waste gas, vibration; The use of the old and useless material, asking for etc. in ord</p><p>　　2.Change of the structure - Composition of the integrated system of the road traff

31、ic </p><p>　　Set up road traffic integrated system whether one include under the guidance of sustainable development strategy " The government adjusts and controls the behavior, scientific and technica

32、l ability construction and social citizen's participation " System engineering not complicated,treat question of view not to it is great to be adopt project, need the demand of function put forward toward traff

33、ic system of the road of external environment condition of analyticl system, require to confirm the </p><p>　　According to carrying out the demand for sustainable strategy, the traffic system of the road wil

34、l form the following interface relation with other systems: </p><p>　　With natural direct interface of system, ask for from nature, to discharge, intervention to the nature of nature,etc.. </p><

35、p>　　With the interface of the social system, the coordination with the urbanization process, develop regulation of balanced degree to the territory, impact on consumption mode,etc.. </p><p>　　With the in

36、terface of the economic system, including the coordination with the development strategy of regional economy, the coordination with the policy of utilization of energy, the impact on industrial structure and overall arra

37、ngement,etc.. </p><p>　　This kind of interface relation requires the traffic system of the road to meet the following function: </p><p>　　Basic traffic function is unobstructed to guarantee co

38、mmunications and transportation, safely, fast, comfortable, convenient; </p><p>　　Environmental protection function, improved the utilization efficiency of the unit land, the ones that reduced to nature wer

39、e asked for and discharging; </p><p>　　Promote the social progress function, promote the sound development of urban system, regional overall arrangement through the effective planning means, guide the socia

40、l consumption pattern correctly, impel the community to develop in a healthy way; </p><p>　　Function of supporting the development of economy, ensure the realization of the economic development strategy, pr

41、omote the adjustment of economic structure and economic layout. </p><p>　　In order to meet the needs of function diversified development trends, the government will manage the subsystem, infrastructure subs

42、ystem, scientific and technical subsystem, the public and serve and participate in the subsystem to form in the road traffic integrated systems proposed. </p><p>　　The infrastructure construction of the traf

43、fic is an important respect that the government functions to sustainable development, the government has responsibility as the rational structure of setting-up of social and economic development and foundation of the ove

44、rall arrangement, having responsibility to confirm the correct traffic development strategy, at the same time the traffic facility is a kind of very effective macro adjustments and controls means of the government's.

45、 Recall predicament c</p><p>　　The government planning to build to this situation manages the subsystem, regard government's managerial staff member as the target of using, rely on the network system of

46、the computer, support the man-machine system of government's decision-making process. Its theoretical foundation lies in open complicated huge system and methodology that Mr. Qian Xuesen put forward in 1989, namely f

47、rom determining the nature to the comprehensive integrated law of the ration, this kind of method develops into </p><p>　　In the infrastructure subsystem besides traditional road noumenonn facility, monitori

48、ng system of the traffic, system, information system of traffic and environmental protection of traffic, charge system automatically, traffic safety and accident process system,etc. important components among them. The m

49、odernized traffic monitoring system is an indispensable part in the traffic system of the road, it regarded level and smooth traffic flow as the direct goal, and produced and reduced the waste ga</p><p>　　Th

50、e purpose of the scientific and technical subsystem is to promote the technological progress of the trade through technology popularization and technical training, it forms and includes service system of the scientific i

51、nformation, new technology popularization system, academic discuss system,etc., the hardware has to go to the support that key laboratory, department open laboratory, the fictitious laboratory of network, information inf

52、ormation Web serve the node, observe the experimental syst</p><p>　　The public serves and participates in the subsystem to occupy the irreplaceable status in the integrated system of the road traffic, the tr

53、affic needs the public to participate in closely, to public service including information service, rescuing the service, management service,etc., for example is the public to serve the concept system that the system for

54、traffic guiding, parking area guide the system, public transport services information system etc. in the intellectual traffic system; The cit</p><p>　　3.Change of the scientific research structure - Research

55、 field of meritting attention </p><p>　　Because sustainable development has put forward the new demand, the scientific research contents of supporting road traffic construction are changing importantly, the

56、proportion of traditional technology is dropping, the research contents of new technology discipline are being paid close attention to rapidly, and is getting application progressively. </p><p>　　The plannin

57、g with foresight is the basic assurance of sustainable development, therefore the research field of traffic planning is changing deeply. Traffic planning is from regarding depending on the qualitative analysis of experie

58、nce main stage basically as, get make investigations quantitative analysis of foundation for main stage, to determine the nature new stage that ration combine together, course of development that a kind of spiral type ap

59、pears to rise. This is because of the demand chan</p><p>　　The great project means the planning, design of the ultra large-scale project of the overall situation of relation, makes policy and organizing the

60、implementation. This theory tries hard to adopt the project concept of the brand-new big comprehensive system, is it determine the nature ration half-and-half method to use, is it is it trade off, not complementary to is

61、 it seek suitable but not optimum way of thinking solve one's own problem to help altogether to coordinate to adopt. Supporting the </p><p>　　Integrate to ration it is Qian Xuesen one research complicate

62、d huge system that Mr. put forward that have of our country method of characteristic synthetically determining the nature. Its core is to conbine expert's colony, data, various kinds of information and computer toget

63、her artificial and organically, combine scientific theory about discipline with people's knowledge and experience, give play to the whole advantage of the integrated system to solve the practical problem. This theory

64、 method</p><p>　　According to planning research contents, develop urban public transport, promote the setting-up of the rational traffic mode, cause people's attention. Limited impossible private traffic

65、 that bears and is developed rapidly of natural resources, must adopt such means in many aspects as policy, tax revenue, construction, management,etc. to impel a large number of personnel to utilize the public traffic sy

66、stem. The city traffic planning of our country has been emphasizing all the time for many year</p><p>　　According to planned range, the network planning of a group of traffic of the city has referred to the

67、increasingly important position with urbanization process, after the administration can be solved while coordinating the problem, the traffic planning problem of group in the cities of the Changjiang Delta, Zhujiang Rive

68、r Delta will be proposed rapidly, must carry on the essential theory to prepare for it. </p><p>　　Question needed paying close attention in the course of sustainable development in traffic demand of the traf

69、fic, the mankind should comparatively adjust one's own consumption idea consciously, among them the traffic is consumed is an extremely important part. Such many kinds of means as the management, tax jurisdiction,etc

70、. through parking of traffic demand of traffic realize the regulation to the traffic way, mode that the mode of encouraging reducing the traffic and going out and less resourc</p><p>　　The information techno

71、logy is entering the traffic engineering field rapidly, the intellectual traffic system is set up on the basis of information technology, its core is an information system of traffic. The traffic information system of ou

72、r country is still very backward, gather the system, information very not so abundant to process and utilize in information of traffic not so perfect, it is all problems needing to solve especially to await improved info

73、rmation issue means,etc.. The integrat</p><p>　　As the information technology carrier, the system for traffic guiding, information system of the traffic, traffic control system are playing a very important r

74、ole in the modern road traffic system, traffic subject they - It is the organic whole that people or the thing, means of transportation, traffic infrastructure, vehicle supervision department get in touch, the efficiency

75、 that causes not in tune drops after reducing because within the system. The research work of the system for traffic guid</p><p>　　The environmental protection technology of the road traffic remains the focu

76、s that will pay close attention to in the future. The prevention and cure means of the automobile waste gas is mainly to adopt clean energy, tail gas purification, and adjust and control and reduce the automobile to use

77、through the policy. In addition it is the research of strengthening engineering that need to pay attention to, analyse the diffusion law of the waste gas under the specific environment, pollute for the wa</p><

78、p>　　It is a field that is worth launching that the dependability of the traffic network is studied, especially should pay enough attention even more in the network planning of urban road. Our country is going through

79、a new urbanization course at present, need to consider conscientiously that prevent and rescue the question to such great natural calamity as the earthquake,etc. in the course of planning of city layout, lay a good found

80、ation for the further development of the city. After the great eart</p><p>　　Ensure the road traffic to face two basic problems under studying the earthquake disaster situation: </p><p>　　Becau

81、se have great influence on the recovery of the overall function of the urban system on the calamity situation makes the traffic system function of the road, therefore need to offer and having certain dependability, can b

82、e resisting the earthquake and secondly grows the traffic network that the calamity functioned. </p><p>　　In case of calamity, especially in the initial stage of rescue work, people (especially their traffi

83、c behaviors) Often losing the effective sense of organization, the amorphous action of this kind of scattering may cause the forfeiture of the overall function of the traffic network, therefore ensure needing to consider

84、 the supply and demand relation under this kind of special circumstances in the traffic system design to that the city provides disaster relief, and the corresponding traffic ensur</p><p>　　There are importa

85、nt meanings in resisting the fire, floods etc. in the similar research demand. </p><p>　　4.Concern of the traffic environment - Countermeasure and means </p><p>　　The environmental pollution of

86、the road traffic is divided into three main respects of traffic noise, air pollution, traffic vibration mainly. , and the random noise propagated to the road happens from automobile group through the road in the road tra

87、ffic noise, its characteristic is that size is irregular, and the change is large in range. The main measure of reducing the road traffic noise improves the vehicle structure, state, controlling the volume of traffic of

88、improving going,etc., see Fig</p><p>　　The automobile is the movement of the air pollution takes place in the source, is have hydrocarbon, carbon monoxide, nitrogen hydrogen chemical compound, lead thing, pa

89、rticulate matter,etc. by the polluter that the automobile discharges. In order to reduce the discharge pollution of the automobile, the most important control takes place in the source, can adopt the quantity of polluter

90、 that less automobiles discharge at first (for example adopt the unleaded gas) ; Second can with is it is it giv</p><p>　　The so-called traffic vibration, refer to going on the road and act on road bed in sh

91、ock power of the vehicle, transmit the vibration causing the ground and building along the line to produce through the ground. Road surface level, vehicle weight heavy, high carrying cargo vehicle to be large speed, the

92、bigger the vibration that is produced is, in addition, the weaker the ground is, the higher the terminal vibration grade is. In order to reduce traffic vibration, and prevented and cured by the m</p><p><

93、b>　　譯 文</b></p><p>　　可持續(xù)發(fā)展概念下的道路交通現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)</p><p>　　回顧道路交通工程發(fā)展的歷史，呈現(xiàn)出一種人的認(rèn)識(shí)觀念與科學(xué)技術(shù)相互交織的發(fā)展過(guò)程，道路設(shè)計(jì)概念曾經(jīng)歷多個(gè)層次的提高：以工程造價(jià)為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)層次；結(jié)合交通服務(wù)水平標(biāo)準(zhǔn)層次；增加環(huán)境保護(hù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)層次；可持續(xù)發(fā)展標(biāo)準(zhǔn)層次。每一層次的提高，都是在前一層次的基礎(chǔ)上增加了新的評(píng)價(jià)因素，體

94、現(xiàn)了一種觀念的更新。每一次層次的提高，也都伴隨著新技術(shù)的推廣應(yīng)用：第一次層次的提升，是在交通工程學(xué)科發(fā)展的基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行的，交通流分析技術(shù)、交通設(shè)計(jì)技術(shù)、交通工程技術(shù)提供了強(qiáng)有力的支撐。第二次層次的提升，引進(jìn)了環(huán)境科學(xué)的觀念，形成交通環(huán)境的研究領(lǐng)域，考慮道路網(wǎng)環(huán)境容量的交通規(guī)劃、交通公害（噪聲、廢氣、振動(dòng)）的防治、道路景觀設(shè)計(jì)等。第三次提升，則更加注重巨型系統(tǒng)思想的應(yīng)用，將把基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)與社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)的持續(xù)發(fā)展緊密聯(lián)系在一起。在可持續(xù)發(fā)展思想指

95、導(dǎo)下，道路交通現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)需要進(jìn)行觀念的調(diào)整、目標(biāo)的調(diào)整，以及系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)的調(diào)整。</p><p>　　1.觀念的調(diào)整―支撐可持續(xù)發(fā)展的交通設(shè)施體系</p><p>　　對(duì)于交通設(shè)施體系的構(gòu)成，隨著人類思想的進(jìn)步不斷發(fā)生著變化：早期在有限的建設(shè)能力和資金能力基礎(chǔ)上，其構(gòu)成只包含了最基本的部分―道路、鐵道的本體；當(dāng)交通安全問(wèn)題提到議事日程之上以后，交通標(biāo)志和標(biāo)記、交通監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)等成為交通設(shè)施體系中不

96、可缺少的內(nèi)容；當(dāng)交通環(huán)境問(wèn)題提上議事日程，隔音墻、交通環(huán)境監(jiān)控設(shè)備等成為交通設(shè)施體系中的新成員；與可持續(xù)發(fā)展的要求相適應(yīng)，支持與土地利用規(guī)劃相結(jié)合的交通規(guī)劃決策支持系統(tǒng)和信息采集管理系統(tǒng)、更加充分發(fā)揮交通設(shè)施能力的交通誘導(dǎo)系統(tǒng)等成為交通設(shè)施體系中的重要成員。在這種硬件設(shè)施構(gòu)成內(nèi)容變化的背后，設(shè)計(jì)觀念的更新，交通基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)目標(biāo)的變化等發(fā)揮著重要的作用。</p><p>　　以歐美日等發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家智能化交通系統(tǒng)計(jì)劃為例

97、，表面看這是交通系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)的變化和技術(shù)的變化，在傳統(tǒng)的交通系統(tǒng)中增加了交通誘導(dǎo)系統(tǒng)、交通信息系統(tǒng)等，以及采用了計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)、控制技術(shù)、通信技術(shù)等進(jìn)行技術(shù)改造。實(shí)際上在后臺(tái)起到支撐作用的是這樣一種認(rèn)識(shí)：在有限的土地資源和環(huán)境資源制約下，傳統(tǒng)的交通系統(tǒng)無(wú)法滿足不斷增長(zhǎng)的交通需求，必須通過(guò)采用現(xiàn)代高新技術(shù)加以改造，提高資源的利用效率。在此基礎(chǔ)上形成了一系列新的系統(tǒng)概念，例如： </p><p>　　綜合交通信息系統(tǒng)提供道路