“浙江張氏叔侄案”中的證據(jù)問題.pdf

1、中文摘要中文摘要近年來，刑事錯(cuò)案的頻發(fā)嚴(yán)重的侵害了司法權(quán)威?！罢憬瓘埵鲜逯栋浮弊鳛榈湫偷陌咐龑?duì)于研究刑事錯(cuò)案的證據(jù)問題和原因具有參考價(jià)值。在“浙江張氏叔侄案”中主要存在的證據(jù)問題包括在偵查階段被追訴人的虛假口供；偵查機(jī)關(guān)忽視對(duì)物證的收集與采納；偵查人員唆使“線人”作偽證，炮制證人證言：在偵查階段輕視DNA鑒定意見對(duì)案件的重要性以及公檢法三機(jī)關(guān)的相互配合，問題證據(jù)在后續(xù)程序中暢通無阻。證據(jù)問題產(chǎn)生的主要原因是虛假供述源于刑訊逼供以及刑訊逼

2、供的屢禁不止；偵查機(jī)關(guān)迷信口供的取證觀念，忽視物證在案件中的關(guān)鍵作用，怠于搜集物證；績(jī)效考核的重壓下以及缺少法治理念而不惜炮制偽證；忽視DNA證據(jù)源于辦案觀念的陳舊，按照辦案習(xí)慣，重視口供；偵查階段取證中科技投入較少，缺乏對(duì)現(xiàn)代科技技術(shù)對(duì)于偵查重要性的認(rèn)識(shí)；公檢法三機(jī)關(guān)的制約失衡側(cè)重配合而忽視制約監(jiān)督，司法監(jiān)督體制不健全。解決這些問題的關(guān)鍵在于：司法機(jī)關(guān)辦案人員應(yīng)當(dāng)轉(zhuǎn)變陳舊的辦案觀念，樹立無罪推定的司法理念；應(yīng)當(dāng)轉(zhuǎn)變重口供輕物證的辦案觀

3、念，重視實(shí)體證據(jù)，恪守程序正義的理念，將程序與實(shí)體并重；應(yīng)當(dāng)完善證據(jù)的相關(guān)制度，完善非法證據(jù)排除規(guī)則，嚴(yán)格按照法定程序?qū)彶樽C據(jù)資格，排除非法證據(jù)：完善證據(jù)的認(rèn)證制度，明確證據(jù)采納和采信的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)；應(yīng)當(dāng)加大科技力量在證據(jù)收集中的投入。公安機(jī)關(guān)應(yīng)當(dāng)轉(zhuǎn)變偵查機(jī)關(guān)的考核機(jī)制，建立科學(xué)有效的考核機(jī)制，杜絕為了完成畸形考核指標(biāo)而忽視法律的現(xiàn)象：檢察機(jī)關(guān)應(yīng)當(dāng)提高檢察機(jī)關(guān)的監(jiān)督職能，提前介入偵查階段，加強(qiáng)對(duì)偵查程序和方式的監(jiān)督，完善內(nèi)部監(jiān)督體制，提高司法人

4、員的素質(zhì)；審判機(jī)關(guān)應(yīng)當(dāng)樹立法官的中立地位，加快法院的改革步伐，真正的做到司法獨(dú)立。應(yīng)當(dāng)強(qiáng)化三機(jī)關(guān)之間的監(jiān)督制約，完善整個(gè)司法體系的監(jiān)督體制。通過轉(zhuǎn)變司法觀念，強(qiáng)化證據(jù)意識(shí)，完善證據(jù)制度，遵守法律程序，加強(qiáng)司法隊(duì)伍的建設(shè)，提高辦案人員的素質(zhì)，加強(qiáng)公檢法之間的監(jiān)督，建立一套和諧配套的法律體系，才能真正的預(yù)防刑事錯(cuò)案的發(fā)生。在證據(jù)取證這一階段就杜絕違法行為的出現(xiàn)，而不是到最終的司法程序都AbstractAbstractInrecentyear

5、s，theoccurrenceofcriminalmisjudgedcasesheavydfimagejudicialauthority”ZhejiangNephewCase”asatypicalcasehavegreatmeaninginstudymisjudgedcaseIn”ZhejiangNephewCase“themainproblemsareininvestigationphaseItalsoincludethefalsec

6、onfessionofthedefendantandtheyneglectofmaterialevidencecollectionandadoptTheinvestigatorsput”informant’’perjuryandmakeperjurylookingdawnDNAevidenceopinionsaswellastheproblemsinthefollowupprocessclearbecauseofthreeorgansh

7、elpeachotherThemainreasonisthatthefalseconfessionfromtheprohibitionoftortureandforcedconfession，superstitiousforensicsconceptoforalconfession，andignorethecriticalrolesofmaterialevidenceinthecaseProcessingtheweightofevide

8、nceistheresukofperformanceappraisalaswellaslackingoftheruleoflawconceptIgnoringtheDNAevidencewhichcomesfromworkingideasoftheoldscienceandtechnologyinputpowerimbalancesmallandminorthreeauthorkyrestrictiononmatchandignoret

9、hesupervisionandrestrictionThekeytosolvetheseproblemsisthatjudicialauthorityinvestigatorsshallshiftworkingideas，settingupthejudicialideaofpresumptionofinnocenceTheyshouldchangelookingdownmaterialevidencebutenterpriseidea

10、，takingthephysicalevidenceandabidebytheconceptofproceduraljusticeItshouldperfecttherelatedsystemofevidence，carryingoutillegalevidenceexclusionrule，improvingthesystemofevidenceofcertificationandimprovethestandardofevidenc

11、eItshouldincreaseinvestmentinscienceandtechnologystrengthintheevidencecollectionFinallythepublicsecurityorgansshallshifttheinvestigationorganevaluationmechanism，establishascientificandeffectiveevaluationmechanismtoputane