2023年全國碩士研究生考試考研英語一試題真題（含答案詳解+作文范文）_第1頁
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1、AbstractTheSpiritoftheLawsisnotawkeasytounderstevenVoltaireconsidereditasalabyrinth.HoweversinceMontesquieudeclaredthattherewasadesigninthewkweshalltrytofindoutaproperwaywhichcanhelptointerpretthiscomplicatedwk.Inthisthe

2、sisIregardMontesquieu’stheyofregimesasanapproachtothiswkelucidatethistheyunderdualcontexts.FirstlyIretrospectthetraditionofthetheyofregimesanalyzethetheyofMontesquieu’spredecesssthatisAristotlesPolybiusMachiavelliwithwho

3、mMontesquieuhaveaclosestrelationship.Idon’tthinkthatthesourceofMontesquieu’stheyisAristotlesthoughhedidhaveareferencetothelaterhoweverhedidn’tagreewithhim.AstoPolybiusMontesquieuhadmesympathyfhim.ButitwasMachiavellithath

4、admostimptantinfluenceonMontesquieu.BycomparingseveraltextsofthemIfindthatMontesquieumakegreatefftstoreducetheinfluenceofMachiavelliwhichcouldbeseenbothinhisearlywkssuchasReflectionsonUniversalMonarchyinEuropeConsiderati

5、onsontheCausesoftheGreatnessoftheRomanstheirDeclinehislaterwkTheSpiritoftheLaws.IholdthatMontesquieu’stheyofregimeswasdesigneddeliberatelyagainstMachiavelli’s.IcomparethedifferentwaystheytreatofPolybiustheirdifferentidea

6、sondespotismthroughwhichtheirdissensionwasrevealed.ThenItrytoexplainthatsinceMachiavelli’stheyofregimesisentangledwiththehistyofRomeMontesquieu’staskofclearingMachiavellismisinevitablyaccompaniedwithdisenchantingRome.Toa

7、chievethispurposeMontesquieurevivedtheveryoldideasofientaldespotismequateditwithRomandespotism.Healsoadvocatedthattheruleofeasternbarbarianwillbedangeroustothesurvivalofwesterncivilization.NextIinvestigatetheacteristicof

8、thefmsofgovernmentinTheSpiritoftheLawsespeciallyitsdiscourseonmonarchydespoticgovernment.Iconsiderthistwopartsasinseparablebehindthistworegimesthereisahiddenregimei.e.theFrenchmonarchywhichisthefocusofMontesquieu’stheyof

9、regimes.IexaminethetwofmsofmodernmonarchiesinMontesquieui.e.theEnglishfmFrenchfmbothderivedfromtheGermanyfm.TheEnglishfmisnottheidealfminMontesquieu’seyes.InhisopiniontheEnglishfmisnotuniversallyapplicablefthespiritofthe

10、lawsvariesfromonenationtoanother.AccdinglyMontesquieudesignedauniquemonarchyinconsistentwithFrenchnationalacteri.e.amoderatemonarchywithruleoflaw.Inhisopinionthiskindofgovernmentisnotonlyabletowithsttheerodingofientaldes

11、potismbutalsoabletomaintainFrenchwayoflife.ThroughreadingbetweenlinesIarguethathonisnottheprincipleofthisgovernmentsincehonisrestrictedbylawstherefelawsistheprimemoverinthisfmofgovernment.FinallyIanalyzeMontesquieu’stwod

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