2013年北京航空航天大學(xué)考博英語真題及答案筆記解析_第1頁
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1、育明考研考博培訓(xùn)中心官網(wǎng)：育明考研考博培訓(xùn)中心官網(wǎng)：北京航空航天大學(xué)京航空航天大學(xué)2013年考博英語年考博英語試題試題PartI:Listeningcomprehension(20%)PartII:ReadingComprehension(30%)Directions:Therearefourpassagesinthispart.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsunfinishedstatemen

2、ts.Feachofthemthereare4choicesmarkedABCD.Readthepassagescarefullydecideonthebestchoice.ThenmarkthecrespondingletterontheANSWERSHEETwithasinglelinethroughthecenter.Passage1Printmakingisthegenerictermfanumberofprocessesofw

3、hichwoodcutengravingaretwoprimeexamples.Printsaremadebypressingasheetofpaper(othermaterial)againstanimagebearingsurfacetowhichinkhasbeenapplied.Whenthepaperisremovedtheimageadherestoitbutinreverse.Thewoodcuthadbeenusedin

4、ChinafromthefifthcenturyA.D.fapplyingpatternstotextiles.TheprocesswasnotintroducedintoEuropeuntilthefourteenthcenturyfirstftextiledecationthenfprintingonpaper.Wo(wechat:13370142852)odcutsarecreatedbyareliefprocess.Firstt

5、heartisttakesablockofwoodwhichhasbeensawedparalleltothegraincoversitwithawhitegroundthendrawstheimageinink.Thebackgroundiscarvedawayleavingthedesignareaslightlyraised.Thewoodblockisinkedtheinkadherestotheraisedimage.Itis

6、thentransferredtodamppapereitherbyhwithaprintingpress.EngravingwhichgrewoutofthegoldsmithsartiginatedinGermanynthernItalyinthedleofthefifteenthcentury.Itisanintaglioprocess(fromItalianintagliare“tocarve“).Theimageisincis

7、edintoahighlypolishedmetalplateusuallycopperwithacuttinginstrumentburin.Theartistinkstheplatewipesitcleansothatsomeinkremainsintheincisedgrooves.Animpressionismadeondamppaperinaprintingpresswithsufficientpressurebeingapp

8、liedsothatthepaperpicksuptheink.Bothwoodcutengravinghavedistinctiveacteristics.Engravinglendsitselftosubtlemodelingshadingthroughtheuseoffinelines.Hatchingcrosshatchingdeterminethedegreeoflightshadeinaprint.Woodcutstendt

9、obemelinearwithsharpercontrastsbetweenlightdark.Printmakingiswellsuitedtotheproductionofmultipleimages.Asetofmultiplesiscalledanedition.Bothmethodscanyieldseveralhundredgoodqualityprintsbefetheiginalblockplatebeginstosho

10、wsignsofwear.Massproductionofprintsinthesixteenthcenturymadeimagesavailableatalowercosttoamuchbroaderpublicthanbefe.21.WhatdoesthepassagemainlydiscussA.TheiginsoftextiledecationB.TheacteristicsofgoodqualitypuntsC.Twotype

11、sofprintmakingD.Typesofpaperusedinprintmaking22.Thewd“prime”isclosestinmeaningto________.A.principalB.complexC.generalD.recent23.Theauthspurposesinparagraph2istodescribe________.育明考研考博培訓(xùn)中心官網(wǎng)：育明考研考博培訓(xùn)中心官網(wǎng)：26.Whatisthepass

12、agemainlyaboutA.ThemusicalcompositionsthatbestillustratedthedevelopmentsduringtheEuropeanRenaissance.B.ThemusicaltechniquesthatwereinuseduringtheEuropeanRenaissance.C.TheEuropeanRenaissanceasaculturaldevelopmentthatinclu

13、dedchangesinmusicalstyle.D.TheancientGreekRomanmusicalpracticesusedduringtheEuropeanRenaissance.27.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatthinkersoftheRenaissancewereseekingarebirthof________.A.communicationamongartistsacrossE

14、uropeB.spiritualityineverydaylifeC.aculturalemphasisonhumanvaluesD.religiousthemesinartthatwouldaccompanythetraditionalsecularthemes28.AccdingtothepassageRenaissanceartistswritershadallofthefollowingintentionsEXCEPT_____

15、___.A.usingreligiousthemesB.ptrayingonlythepleasantpartsofhumanexperienceC.producingartthatpeoplewouldfindattractiveD.creatingwksthatwereeasilyunderstood29.Thewd“disseminated“isclosestinmeaningto________.A.playedB.docume

16、ntedC.spreadD.analyzed30.WhichofthefollowingismentionedinthepassageasareasonftheabsenceofasingleRenaissancemusicalstyleA.ThemusicalRenaissancewasdefinedbytechniqueratherthanstyle.B.ThemusicalRenaissancewastooshttogiveris

17、etoanewmusicalstyle.C.RenaissancemusiciansadoptedthestylesofbothGreekRomanmusicians.D.DuringtheRenaissancemusicneverremainedthesamefverylong.Passage3Theenergycontainedinrockwithintheearthscrustrepresentsanearlyunlimitede

18、nergysourcebutuntilrecentlycommercialretrievalhasbeenlimitedtoundergroundhotwatersteamrecoverysystems.Thesesystemshavebeendevelopedinareasofrecentvolcanicactivitywherehighratesofheatflowcausevisibleeruptionofwaterinthefm

19、ofgeysershotsprings.Inotherareashoweverhotrockalsoexistsnearthesurfacebutthereisinsufficientwaterpresenttoproduceeruptivephenomena.Thusapotenthotdryrock(HDR)reservoirexistswhenevertheamountofspontaneouslyproductgeotherma

20、lfluidhasbeenjudgedinadequatefexistingcommercialsystems.AsaresultofrecentenergycrisisnewconceptsfcreatingHDRrecoverysystems—whichinvolvedrillingholesconnectingthemtoartificialreservoirsplacedeepwithinthecrust—arebeingdev

21、eloped.InallattemptstoretrieveenergyfromHDRartificialstimulationwillberequiredtocreateeithersufficientpermeabilityboundsflowpathstofacilitatetheremovalofheatbycirculationofafluidoverthesurfaceoftherock.TheHDRresourcebase

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