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    • 簡介:INTERNATIONALSYMPOSIUMCOULSONANDBROMLEY,1990GISHASLONGBEENACCEPTEDASTHEMOSTAPPROPRIATESOLUTIONTOADDRESSSPATIALLYREFERENCEDDATATHEESSENCEOFGISINTHEPLANMAKINGPROCESS,QUOTINGCALKINS1972,SUGGESTEDTHAT‘BETTERPLANNINGWILLBEACHIEVEDTHROUGHBETTERINFORMATION,ANDBETTERINFORMATIONWILLNECESSARILYFLOWFROMANINFORMATIONSYSTEM’HOWEVER,GISALONECANNOTSERVEALLTHENEEDSOFPLANNINGBECAUSETHECURRENTGENERATIONOF“GENERALPURPOSE”SYSTEMSCANNOTEASILYACCOMMODATETHEPARTICULARINFORMATIONAL,COMPUTATIONAL,ANDDISPLAYNEEDSOFPLANNINGCLEARLY,PLANNINGREQUIRESIINFORMATIONTHATISEFFECTIVELY“ASPATIAL”ATAPARTICULARLEVELOFANALYSISIIINFORMATIONOVERTIMEANDIIIMEASURESOFSPATIALINTERACTIONNONEOFTHISCANBEEASILYINCORPORATEDINTOSTANDARDGISPACKAGESHARRISANDBATTY,199332PLANNINGSUPPORTSYSTEMANDDECISIONSUPPORTSYSTEMGISISAPARTOFTHEPLANNINGSUPPORTSYSTEMSPSS,WHICHALONECANSUPPORTDECISIONMAKINGANDURBANPROBLEMSOLVINGTOACONSIDERABLEEXTENTHOWEVER,PLANNERSWILLHAVETOADAPTEXISTINGGISTOOLSTOMEETTHEIRNEEDSTRADITIONALPROGRAMMINGLANGUAGESCANBEUSEDTODEVELOPSPATIALANALYSISANDMODELLINGTOOLSENTIRELYINDEPENDENTOFCOMMERCIALPACKAGESACOMBINATIONOFSOPHISTICATEDGISMACROCOMMANDSANDTRADITIONALPROGRAMMINGLANGUAGECANALSOBEUSEDTODEVELOPANALYTICALMODELSCLOSELYLINKEDTOFULLFEATUREDGISTOOLKITSKLOSTERMAN,2001THEPSSWHICHISACOMBINATIONOFGISDATA,URBANMODELANDPRESENTATIONTECHNIQUEUSINGCOMPUTERFORPLANNINGSUPPORTHASBEENINCREASINGINUSEFORMOREENHANCEDENDPRODUCTSTHEINEVITABLEEVOLVEMENTOFINFORMATIONTECHNOLOGYTOWARDSPSSMEANSTHATTHEEXPLOITATIONOFGISISMORESIGNIFICANTGISWILLSERVEFIRSTASADISPLAYANDCOMMUNICATIVEDEVICE,PRODUCINGMAPSANDCHARTSTHATDESCRIBEPASTANDPRESENTCONDITIONSANDMODELOUTPUTSTHATSUGGESTALTERNATIVEFUTURES,WHICHSUPPORTDECISIONMAKINGONTOPOFTHAT,THEDECISIONSUPPORTSYSTEMDSSISALSOKNOWNASASYSTEMINWHICHDECISIONMAKERSCOULDRELYONINMAKINGDECISIONS3
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    • 簡介:INDIANJOURNALOFSCIENCEANDTECHNOLOGYVOL4NO8AUG2011ISSN09746846EDUSUSTDEVPT“IRANURBANSYSTEM”SMSFATEMI2URBANPLANNING,URBANPLANNINGDEPARTMENT,UNIVERSITYOFGUILAN,RASHT,IRANMSEYEDFATEMIYAHOOCOM,NZALIGUILANACIRCORRESPONDINGAUTHORABSTRACTINDIFFERENTCOUNTRIES,NEWTOWNSARECONSTRUCTEDBASEDONNECESSITYANDTHEIRFUNCTIONSNOWADAYS,MAKINGNEWTOWNSISNOTOFCOURSEPERFORMEDWITHTHEAIMOFREALIZINGTHENOTIONOFIDEALHABITATIONORUTOPIA,RATHERDECENTRALIZATIONOFLARGECITIESISITSPURPOSEANDMAINGOALNONETHELESS,THISTOPICISDIFFERENTLYVIEWEDINIRANINCOMPARISONWITHOTHERCOUNTRIES,ANDITSUTILITYANDFUNCTIONINIRANISNOTTHESAMEASTHEREALPURPOSEOFMAKINGNEWTOWNSINTHEWORLDTHISARTICLESTUDIESTHECOUNTRY’SPOPULATIONVARIATIONSINRECENTDECADESANDCONSIDERSURBANSYSTEMOFTHECOUNTRYITALSOANALYZESTHEACTIVITIESOFNEWTOWNSINRECENTYEARSANDEVENTUALLYARGUESTHENECESSITYTOMAKENEWTOWNSINIRANTHEAGREEMENTOFTHISSTRATEGYWITHALTERNATIVEONES,ESPECIALLYWITHTHESTRATEGYOFMIDDLECITIESREINFORCEMENT,ISARGUEDASWELLKEYWORDSNEWTOWNS,URBANSYSTEM,IRAN,POPULATIONINTRODUCTIONDURINGTHEEARLYYEARSAFTERTHEISLAMICREVOLUTIONOFIRANANDOCCURRENCEOFTHEIMPOSEDWAR,EXTENSIVEMIGRATIONSSTARTEDALLOVERTHECOUNTRYMANYFARMERSCAMETOCITIESPROGRESSIVELYBECAUSEOFECONOMICSTAGNATIONINVILLAGESRESULTEDFROMLANDREFORMANDWANINGOFSEASONALECONOMYINADDITIONTOFARMERS’MIGRATIONS,THEREWEREWIDESPREADMIGRATIONSFROMTOWNSTOLARGECITIES,MAINLYTOTHECENTEROFPROVINCESCONFIGURATIONOFTHECOUNTRY’SPOPULATIONWASCHANGEDBYTHESEMIGRATIONSWHICHLEDTOFASTGROWTHOFURBANIZATIONINTHECOUNTRYACCORDINGTOTHESECONDITIONSANDUPONEVALUATINGTHETRENDS,DEMOGRAPHERSPREDICTEDTHATTHEPOPULATIONOFCITIESINIRANWILLDOUBLETHROUGHTHENEXT20YEARSMIRAN,2007SUCHAPREDICTIONCOULDHAVEDIFFERENTMEANINGSFORPLANNERSANDDECISIONMAKERSFIRST,CONSTRUCTINGTOWNSTHROUGHTHENEXT20YEARSSHOULDBEACCOMPLISHEDEQUALTOPRESENTCITIESWITHREGARDTOAREA,VOLUMEANDSPACEINORDERTORESIDEAPPLICANTPOPULATION,PRIMARILYTHEMIGRANTSSECOND,COMPOSITIONOFTHECOUNTRY’SPOPULATIONBALANCEBETWEENCITYANDVILLAGEHADADRASTICCHANGEANDTHROUGHNEXTYEARS,CITYPOPULATIONWOULDOUTWEIGHVILLAGEPOPULATION,THEREFORETHEPROBLEMREQUIREDASPECIFICPLANNINGAPPROACHTHIRD,LACKOFPLANNINGANDFORESIGHTFORTHEGREATNUMBEROFMIGRANTSTOCITIESWOULDRESULTINDOUBLEDPRESSUREONLARGECITIES,OCCURRENCEOFDIFFERENTCULTURAL,ECONOMICANDSOCIALSIDEEFFECTS,OCCURRENCEOFSERIOUSSOCIALABNORMALITIES,ANDVANISHINGOFLARGECITIES’IDENTITYARDESHIRI,2007BASEDUPONTHEMENTIONEDFACTS,DURING19821992,IRANIANMINISTRYOFACCOMMODATIONFORMULATEDTHREESIGNIFICANTSTRATEGIESINORDERTOENCOUNTERWITHPROBLEMSOFCITYPOPULATIONOFTHECOUNTRYOSTROFSKI,2000AIMPROVINGTHETEXTUREOFINNERCITIESWITHTHEPURPOSEOFATTRACTINGPOPULATIONPROPORTIONALTOTHEIRCAPACITIESANDPREVENTINGTHEEVACUATIONOFOLDTEXTURES,BACCOMMODATIONOFCITYOUTSKIRTSTOGETHERWITHMAINTENANCEOFAGRICULTURALLANDANDBIOENVIRONMENTALRESOURCES,ANDCCONSTRUCTINGNEWTOWNSACCORDINGTOTHEABOVESTRATEGIES,IDENTIFYINGTHECAPABILITIESANDRESTRICTIONS,DETERMINATIONOFREQUIREMENTS,ANDESTABLISHINGTHELAWSBASEDONNATIVEANDNATIONALMERITS,THEFIRSTACTFORMAKINGNEWTOWNSWASPROCLAIMEDIN1986ANDSUBSEQUENTLYTHENEWTOWNSCOMPANYWASESTABLISHEDIN1990MIRAN,2007IMPROVEMENTANDRENOVATIONOFINNERTEXTUREOFTHEEXISTINGCITIESFOROPTIMALEXPLOITATIONOFTHECITYSPACEHASTHEHIGHESTPRIORITYAMONGCITYEXTENDINGMETHODSTHISMODELISALSOCALLED“NEWTOWNWITHINATOWN“SUCHANOTIONINDICATESLARGESCALEIMPROVEMENT,MODERNIZATION,ANDREVIVALOFCITYCOREEXTENSIONMOHAMMADRAHMI,1997INTHECASETHATIMPROVEMENTANDRENEWALOFINNERTEXTUREOFPRESENTCITIESISNOTSUFFICIENTFORTHEINCREASEDCITYPOPULATION,ITISSUGGESTEDTOCARRYOUTCONTINUOUSEXTENSIONOFTHESECITIESINPLACESWITHOUTANYNATURALORARTIFICIALLIMITSINADDITION,WHENNEITHEROFTHETWOMENTIONEDSUGGESTIONSSATISFIESTHECITYEXTENSIONREQUIREMENTS,ITWOULDBENECESSARYTOPERFORMDISCONTINUOUSEXTENSIONOFTHECITIESEBRAHIMZADEH,2003ANISSUEOFSIGNIFICANCECONSIDERINGTHEPOPULATIONCHANGESANDFASTINCREASEINTHENUMBEROFCITIZENSISTHENECESSITYTOPLANFORPOPULATIONOVERFLOWANDTHEIRACCOMMODATIONIFNOPROPERPLANNINGISACHIEVEDFORTHEIRACCOMMODATION,THERESULTWOULDBECITIESWITHUNCONTROLLEDMUSHROOMGROWTHANDITWILLBECONSEQUENTLYINEVITABLETOPAYTHELARGECOSTOFSOLVINGTHEPROBLEMSOFTHESEACCOMMODATIONPLACESANDTHEIRRESULTANTSOCIALABNORMALITIESPOPULATIONEVOLUTIONOFIRANCONSIDERINGTHEAVAILABLESTATISTICSANDACCOMPLISHEDESTIMATESOFTHECOUNTRY’SPOPULATIONFROM1882TO1922,THERATEOFPOPULATIONGROWTHHASBEENVERYLOWINIRANTHISISATTRIBUTEDTONATURALINAPPROPRIATECONDITIONS,FAMINES,ANDDEADLYINFECTIOUSDISEASESLOWCONSTANTRATEOFPOPULATIONGROWTHCONTINUEDUNTIL1922WHILETHESECONDITIONSCHANGEDFROM1927ANINCREASETOOKPLACEINPOPULATIONUNTIL1957ANDAGROWTHRATEOF31INDIANJOURNALOFSCIENCEANDTECHNOLOGYVOL4NO8AUG2011ISSN09746846EDUSUSTDEVPT“IRANURBANSYSTEM”SMSFATEMINZALI?INDIANSOCIETYFOREDUCATIONANDENVIRONMENTISEEHTTP//WWWINDJSTORGINDIANJSCITECHNOL992AFTERISLAMICREVOLUTION,BASEDONENACTMENTOFTHECABINETIN1986,CONSTRUCTIONOFNUMEROUSNEWTOWNSWASENACTEDANDIN2008,THISNUMBERREACHED21NEWTOWNSTHESUMOFPOPULATIONCAPACITIESOFTHESETOWNSHASBEEN3,880,000PERSONSANDACCORDINGTOPREDICTIONSOFTHEFOURTHDEVELOPMENTPROGRAM,THESETOWNSSHOULDACCOMMODATE800,000PERSONSUNTIL2010THESETOWNSHAVESOFARACCOMMODATED356,900PERSONSUPTOFIRSTHALFOF2008THISMEANSTHAT,446OFTHEFOURTHDEVELOPMENTPROGRAM’SOBJECTIVEHASBEENACCOMPLISHEDINPOPULATIONATTRACTIONTHEMAXIMUMPOPULATIONAMONGNEWTOWNSWASACCOMMODATEDBYPOULADSHAHRAROUNDISFAHANWITH90,000PERSONSANDANDISHEAROUNDTEHRANWITHAPOPULATIONEQUALTO75,000PERSONSWITHREGARDTOTHELATESTCENSUS,OTHERNEWTOWNSHADPOPULATIONSLESSTHAN25,000PERSONSTABLE3FUNCTIONOFNEWTOWNSFROMSTARTUNTILFIRSTHALFOF2008THEACCOMPLISHEDACTIVITIESINCONSTRUCTIONOFRESIDENTIALUNITSWERECARRIEDOUTBYCOOPERATIVECOMPANIES,MASSCONSTRUCTION,ANDINDIVIDUALPARTS,WHEREANUMBEROFTHESEPROJECTSWERECOMPLETEDANDTHERESTAREYETINPROGRESSMASSCONSTRUCTORS,COOPERATIVECOMPANIES,ANDINDIVIDUALPARTSHAVEGAINED47,39,AND139OFCONSTRUCTIONPORTIONINNEWTOWNS,RESPECTIVELYALTOGETHER,275,342RESIDENTIALUNITSWERECONSTRUCTEDORAREYETINPROGRESSBESIDES,7,654NONRESIDENTIALSERVICEUNITSWERECOMPLETEDAND5,422OFSUCHUNITSAREINPROGRESSTILLTHEFIRSTHALFOF2008INOTHERWORDS,13,076NONRESIDENTIALUNITSAND275,342RESIDENTIALUNITSWERECOMPLETEDORAREINPROGRESSINNEWTABLE3SETTLEDPOPULATIONUNTIL2008INNEWTOWNSHTTP//NTOIRGORIRSUMPOPULATIONSETTLEMENTINFIRSTHALFOF2007POPULATIONUNTIL2008POPULATIONPREDICTUNTIL2010POPULATIONACCEPTANCEABILITYNEWTOWNNO17,00088116,119100,000500,000HASHTGERD176,12244675,676100,000132,000ANDISHE230,000428325,717100,000200,000PARDIS38000500750050,000150,000PARAND460,00010,00050,000110,000500,000BAHARESTAN591120112090,000110,000500,000POOLADSHAHR6425050420030000140000MAJLESI7738723736440,000400,000GOLBAHAR83651338726410,000113,000BINALOOD917,98465917,32545,000200,000SADRA1015,99260315,38945,000100,000SAHAND1114,70020014,50030,00060,000MOHAJERAN12104743090738425,000100,000ALISHAHR131000100200065,000RAMSHAR140000120,000RAMIN1512001201000100,000ALAVI160002000110,000SHIRINSHAHR170000100,000AMIRKABIR180000120,000SIRAF19000050,000IVANIKEY200000120,000PARSLIYAN21356,90025,242331,658800,0003,880,000SUMTABLE4DOWNACTIVATIONSINCONSTRUCTIONOFHOUSEINNEWTOWNSUNTIL2008HTTP//NTOIRGORIRNONEWTOWNCOOPERATIVEMASSCONSTRUCTIONSINGULARSUMUNDERCONSTRUCTIONCOMPLETEDUNDERCONSTRUCTIONCOMPLETEDUNDERCONSTRUCTIONCOMPLETED1HASHTGERD17,058815018,139258279664047,3632ANDISHE419113,31810102840930170424,0563PARDIS6948977811,6696151849529,2994PARAND311786916,416805414060029,1965BAHARESTAN16123507296510,6216641665432,0006POOLADSHAHR578513,514792414,8472494388848,4527MAJLESI330012686611617419548GOLBAHAR238713702257121746285285459BINALOOD68623881967112135510SADRA3579130911,72722652802315324,83511SAHAND70570553111949175078312,03412MOHAJERAN1380138041214901002155671413ALISHAHR6926929131329730473832414RAMSHAR0261230014915ALAVI525214800025016RAMIN00000017SHIRINSHAHR0816000816SUM52,64354,71981,38948,19417,21421,183275,342
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    • 簡介:字數英文字數英文36363636單詞,單詞,2087920879字符;中文字符;中文70787078漢字漢字出處出處MCLELLANMCLELLANG,G,GUARALDAGUARALDAMMEXPLORINGEXPLORINGENVIRONMENTALENVIRONMENTALCOLOURCOLOURDESIGNDESIGNININURBANURBANCONTEXTSJCONTEXTSJTHETHEJOURNALJOURNALOFOFPUBLICPUBLICSPACE,SPACE,2018,2018,31319310293102外文文獻外文文獻EXPLORINGENVIRONMENTALCOLOURDESIGNINURBANCONTEXTSABSTRACTTHEINCREASINGCOMPLEXITYOFURBANCOLOURANDGROWINGRECOGNITIONOFITSPSYCHOLOGICALEFFECTSPROMPTSRETHINKINGOFTHECURRENTCONCEPTUALANDMETHODOLOGICALAPPROACHESTOENVIRONMENTALCOLOURDESIGNCONTEMPORARYDESIGNERSARECHALLENGEDTOUNDERSTANDHOWEVOLVINGCOLOURKNOWLEDGECANBEINTEGRATEDWITHTHEFUNDAMENTALSOFCOLOURDESIGNTHISPAPERAIMSTOELABORATEONTHECONCEPTOFENVIRONMENTALCOLOURCOMPOSITIONECCANDOUTLINESANALTERNATIVEAPPROACHTOCOLOURDESIGNINURBANENVIRONMENTSABETTERUNDERSTANDINGOFTHEDYNAMICRELATIONSHIPSBETWEENTHETANGIBLEANDPERCEPTUALELEMENTSOFANECCCANBRINGNEWMEANINGTOTHECONSIDERATIONOFCOLOURASANINTEGRALCOMPONENTOFCITYDESIGNTHEPROPOSEDCONCEPTSOFENVIRONMENTALCOLOUREVENTSANDSCENARIOSPROVIDEAFOUNDATIONFORBOTHFURTHERTHEORETICALINQUIRYANDPRACTICALAPPLICATIONOFSYNTHESISEDCOLOURKNOWLEDGEINTHEDESIGNOFURBANENVIRONMENTSKEYWORDSENVIRONMENTALCOLOURCOMPOSITION,ENVIRONMENTALCOLOURDESIGN,COLOUREVENT,COLOURSCENARIO‘WHATISTHECOLOUROFYOURFAVOURITEPUBLICPLACE’SURPRISINGLY,THISSIMPLEQUESTIONOFTENCAUSESCONFUSIONAMONGMANYINTERVIEWEESINDEED,THECOMPLEXITYANDAMBIGUITYOFVISUALINFORMATIONPRESENTEDTOVIEWERSINACONTEMPORARYURBANSPACEMAKEITDIFFICULTTODETERMINEWHATTHEPREVAILINGSPATIALCOLOURISHOWEVER,INDIVIDUALSWHEREASOVERSTIMULATINGENVIRONMENTFEATURESEXPOSEDSATURATEDCOLOURS,STRONGCONTRASTSANDFLICKERINGILLUMINATIONANUNDERSTIMULATINGSETTINGISUSUALLYMONOCHROMATICANDLACKSCONTRASTANDVISUALACCENTSWHILESENSORYOVERSTIMULATIONMAYINCREASEANXIETYANDDEPRESSION,UNDERSTIMULATIONCAUSESDEPRIVATIONOREXCESSIVEEMOTIONALRESPONSESFRANZ,2006MAHNKE,2004ACCORDINGTODAY2004,THERELATIONSHIPSBETWEENURBANFORMS,SPACESANDCOLOURCANBELIFESAPPINGORLIFEFILLINGOVERTHELASTTWODECADES,THEUSEOFINNOVATIVEBUILDINGMATERIALSANDADVANCEDLIGHTINGTECHNOLOGIESHASALTEREDTHECOMPLEXITYOFCOLOURPATTERNSANDVISUALEXPERIENCESAVAILABLETOCITYDWELLERSPORTERANDMIKELLIDES20091SUGGESTTHAT‘FACADESCANNOWCHANGECOLOURDEPENDINGUPONTHEPERCEPTUALPOINTOFVIEW,THEYCANTHERMOCHROMATICALLYCOLOURREACTTODAYTIMEANDSEASONALTEMPERATURESHIFT,BECHROMATICALLYANIMATEDBYSENSORS,BYLIGHTPROJECTIONSYSTEMSORBYPLASMASCREENS’THEINCREASINGCOMPLEXITYOFURBANCOLOURANDTHERECOGNITIONOFITSPSYCHOLOGICALEFFECTSHASPROMPTEDRETHINKINGOFTHECONCEPTUALANDMETHODOLOGICALAPPROACHESTOENVIRONMENTALCOLOURDESIGNTHECHALLENGEFORCONTEMPORARYDESIGNERSISUNDERSTANDINGHOWEVOLVINGCOLOURKNOWLEDGECANBEINTEGRATEDWITHTHEFUNDAMENTALSOFCOLOURDESIGNANDHOWCOLOURCANBEUSEDTOBALANCESENSORYSTIMULATIONANDCREATEDESIRABLEPOLYCHROMATICEXPERIENCESINURBANCONTEXTSRESEARCHINENVIRONMENTALCOLOURPSYCHOLOGYPROVIDESVALUABLEINFORMATIONTHATCANPOTENTIALLYGUIDEDESIGNRATIONALESBUTISNOTDIRECTLYAPPLICABLETODESIGNMETHODSANTERBILLGER,2008SHARPE1981STATEDTHATTHEEXTENSIVEDATAONCOLOURPSYCHOLOGYMUSTTOBEORGANISEDANDEXPLAINEDBEFOREAUSEFULDESIGNMETHODOLOGYCANBEFORMULATEDHOWEVER,FEWSCHOLARSPURSUESYSTEMATICSTUDIESINTHISFIELDFROMADESIGNER’SPERSPECTIVESOMELEADINGARCHITECTSSEARCHFORTHEIROWNMETHODSTOAPPROACHPOLYCHROMATICENVIRONMENTALDESIGNINAHOLISTICWAYFOREXAMPLE,MCLACHLAN2014PROVIDEDANINSIGHTFULACCOUNTOFTHEEIGHTARCHITECTURALPRACTICESKNOWNFORTHEIRDISTINGUISHED
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