[雙語翻譯]城市規(guī)劃外文翻譯--社區(qū)融入城市公共空間設(shè)計(jì)與規(guī)劃——馬來西亞城市研究回顧（英文）

1、 Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 168 ( 2015 ) 357 – 364 Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect1877-0428 © 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article

2、 under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/). Peer-review under responsibility of Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies (cE-Bs), Faculty of Architecture, Planning underutilizin

3、g or abandoning the spaces, and worse vandalizing the properties of the spaces. This paper argues that community participation in the design and planning of urban public spaces can draw residents to establish a sense of

4、 attachment that may lead to community maintaining the spaces. A plethora of studies in human geography, urban sociology, landscape architecture and urban planning were reviewing the themes of community participation i

5、n the planning of public spaces. It is found that community participation needs to be underpinned by a philosophy that emphasises empowerment, equity, trust and learning. The quality of decisions made through community

6、 participation is strongly reliable on the nature of the process leading to them. © 2014 Published by Elsevier Ltd. Selection and peer-review under responsibility of the Centre for Environment- Behaviour Studies (

7、cE-Bs), Faculty of Architecture, Planning public places; urban design; landscape planning 1. Introduction Community participation is a central concern for urban planning process in landscape architecture. However, th

8、e challenge and difficulties for planners to implement such approaches to the preeminent * Corresponding author. Tel.: +609-779 7000; fax: +609-7797262. E-mail address: azlina@umk.edu.my. © 2015 The Authors. Publis

9、hed by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/). Peer-review under responsibility of Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies (cE-Bs)

10、, Faculty of Architecture, Planning Brody et al., 2003; Miraftab, 2003). 2.1.1. Importance of planning process The issue of political discordant among different groups motivates the government to involve citizens in

11、 decision making to reduce potentially unpopular or questionable decisions (Wang, 2001). Thus, in September 2007 the Town and Country Planning (Amendment) Act 2007 [Act A1312] was again amended in which to confer the

12、executive authority on the Federal Government over certain matters in relation to the control and regulation of town and country planning in Peninsular Malaysia. The Town and Country Planning Act 1976 (Act 172) and it

13、s subsequent amendments stated the provision of public participation in Sections 9 (1, 2 and 3), 12A, 13, 14 and 15. This ensures that public participation is mandatory in the formulation of development plans in the co

14、untry. 2.2. The concept of planning system in Malaysia Currently, in Malaysia community involvement is accepted as a crucial stage in planning especially the preparation plan. This is to ensure that the people are invo

15、lved and have the right to be informed in planning their areas. As such, public participation is a vital factor to ensure that the local issues and the needs of the local people are being addressed. Conventionally, par

16、ticipation from the citizens embrace various mechanisms which include public hearings, citizen forums, community or neighbourhood meetings, community outreaches, citizen advisory groups, and individual citizen represen

17、tation. Citizen surveys and focus groups, the internet, and e-mail are also used. Apparently, in the Town and Country Planning Act 1976 (Act 172) Section 9 stated that in preparing for a state structure plan, the repor

18、t of survey which contains key findings of the study area must be publicised. This is to give an opportunity for the citizens to make representations. After completion of the draft structure plan, it should be made ava

19、ilable for public inspection. Notification to the public is done through local newspapers. The public is given no less than one month from the date of notice to review and can be extended upon request from the stakehol

20、ders. As for the local plans and special area plan the same procedure applies as stated in section 13 of the Act 172. There is an additional provision introduced by the amendment of Act 172 in 2001 (Act A1129), which r

21、equires publicity has to be given to a proposed plan even before its preparation. Section 12A stated that publicity should include the objectives, the purpose and matters in the proposed plan of a local plan or special

22、 area plan. The amendment is very vital because it allows public participation from the early stage of plan preparation. The need for public participation in planning is sufficiently provided for by the Act 172 and its