現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)短暫性動(dòng)詞

1、短暫性動(dòng)詞，延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) 短暫性動(dòng)詞，延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)短暫性動(dòng)詞 短暫性動(dòng)詞是指動(dòng)作一旦發(fā)生就立即結(jié)束。它不能和一段時(shí)間連用。這類動(dòng)詞有：go, come, arrive, leave, begin, start, join, marry 等；短暫性動(dòng)詞的肯 定式不能與表示一段時(shí)間的 for 或 since 或 how long 等狀語連用。例如：His father got ill. I have re

2、ceived his letter.但是，不可以說：His father got ill for a week.I have received his letter for three days.在否定句中，短暫性動(dòng)詞可以和表示一段時(shí)間的狀語連用。例如：We haven’t heard from Jane for a long time.I suppose something must have happened to her.延續(xù)性動(dòng)

3、詞是指動(dòng)作發(fā)生后還可以延續(xù)一段時(shí)間或者相當(dāng)長(zhǎng)的一段時(shí)間。如：live, work, study, learn, sleep 等，延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞可以和表示一段的時(shí)間狀語連用。值得注意的是，表示一段時(shí)間的狀語除了“for+一段時(shí)間”外，還有since+n./從句（時(shí)間點(diǎn)），since+時(shí)間段+ago，疑問詞 how long，in the past+時(shí)間段，all these+時(shí)間段，from…to（時(shí)間點(diǎn)）以及 till/until+n./句

4、子等等。例如：How long _______ your brother joined the army?A. has B. had C. is it since D. was there that通過審題，答案 B 和 D 很容易被排除，但是稍不注意便會(huì)選中答案 A；殊不知how long 為一段時(shí)間的狀語，不能與非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞短語 has joined 連用，所以 這題的正確答案是 C。另外，動(dòng)詞的延續(xù)性與非延續(xù)性還體現(xiàn)在

5、這兩種句型中：延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的肯定式+till/ until 短暫性動(dòng)詞的否定式+till/ until請(qǐng)看例句：We waited until he came.I didn’t go to bed until my father came back home last night.It’s five days since I received his letter.His father died three years ago

6、.看一個(gè)句子可以用以下幾種說法：他離開上海已經(jīng) 3 天了。He left Shanghai three days ago.He has been away from Shanghai for three days.He has been away from Shanghai since three days ago.It is/ has been three days since he left Shanghai.Three days

7、has passed since he left Shanghai.幾點(diǎn)注意事項(xiàng):（1）have been(to)與 have gone( to)的區(qū)別：have been(to)表示“去過某地（現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)回來了）”，可用于各人稱；have gone(to)表示“去某地了（說話時(shí)某人不在當(dāng)?shù)兀?，可能在去的路上，可能已在某地，也可能在回來的路上，總之，人不在這里。常用第三人稱作主語。，前者可與 once ,never, several t

8、imes 等連用，后者則不能。如：They have been to Beijing twice. 他們?nèi)ミ^北京兩次。He has gone to Beijing . 他去北京了。注意比較下面幾組句子的意義：He has gone to Amercia. （他到美國(guó)去了。 他不在這里）He has been to Amercia. （他去過美國(guó)。 現(xiàn)已回來）He has been in Shanghai.