現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)講解與練習(xí)答案

1、一、時(shí)態(tài)講解：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)一、時(shí)態(tài)講解：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)（1）構(gòu)成：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)由助動(dòng)詞have過去分詞構(gòu)成，助動(dòng)詞have有人稱和數(shù)的變化。第三人稱單數(shù)用has，其余用have.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的否定式直接在助動(dòng)詞后面加上not、疑問式是把助動(dòng)詞提到主語之前。以study為例，其否定式、疑問式和簡(jiǎn)單回答形式如下：否定式疑問式Ihavenot(haven’t)studied….HaveIstudied…Youhavenot(haven’t)studie

2、d….Haveyoustudied…Hehasnot(hasn’t)studied….Hashestudied…否定疑問式簡(jiǎn)單回答（肯定否定）HaveInot(Haven’tI)studied…Yesyouhave.Noyouhaven’t.Haveyounot(Haven’tyou)studied…YesIhave.NoIhaven’t.Hashenot(Hasn’the)studied…Yeshehas.Nohehasn’t.（2）

3、用法：1）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)通常表示在說話之前已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作說話之前已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。說話人強(qiáng)調(diào)的是該動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)對(duì)現(xiàn)在的結(jié)果或影響結(jié)果或影響。Mydaughterhasjustgoneout.我女兒剛出去。I’msurewe’vemetbefe.我肯定我們以前見過面。Shehasarrived.她到了。2）表示持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，往往和包括現(xiàn)在在內(nèi)的表示一段時(shí)間的狀語連用，如recentlyalreadyjustlatelyfor

4、…since…yet等。如：Ihaven’theardfromherthesedays.這些日子我沒有收到她的信。Wehaven’tseenyourecently.最近我們沒有見到你。Theyhavebeenawayftwoyears.他們離開已經(jīng)兩年了。ShehasbeenwithussinceMonday.★注意：a)since和f的區(qū)別since后接時(shí)間點(diǎn)，如1993，lasttermyesterdaythetimeIgotthe

5、ref后接一段時(shí)間，表示“長(zhǎng)達(dá)多久”，如tenyearsawhiletwodays等。Exercise:用since和f填空1.JimhasbeeninIrel______Monday.2.JillhasbeeninIrel______threedays.3.HisaunthaslivedinAustralia______15days.4.Maryisinheroffice.Shehasbeenthere______7oclock.5.

6、Indiahasbeenanindependentcountry______1974.6.Thebusislate.Theyvebeenwaiting______20minutes.7.Nobodylivesinthosehouses.Theyhavebeenempty______manyyears.8.Mikehasbeenill______alongtime.Hehasbeeninhospital______October.driv

7、edrovedriveneatateeatenfallfellfallenfindfoundfoundflyflewflowngetgotgotgivegavegivengowentgonegrowgrewgrownhavehadhadhearheardheardkeepkeptkeptleaveleftleftloselostlostmakemademadeputputputreadreadreadrunranrunsaysaidsa

8、idseesawseensellsoldsoldsendsentsentsingsangsungsinksanksunksunktaketooktakenteachtaughttaughtwritewrotewroteamiswasbeenarewerebeenExercise:I.Fillintheblankswiththeproperfm.1.I____already____(see)thefilm.I________(see)it