胡壯麟語(yǔ)言學(xué)

1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-----傾情為你奉上專心---專注---專業(yè)Define the following terms:1. design feature:are features that define our human languages,such as arbitrariness,duality,creativity,displacement,cultural transmission,etc.2. func

2、tion: the use of language tocommunicate,to think ,etc.Language functions inclucle imformative function,interpersonal function,performative function,interpersonal function,performative function,emotive function,phatic com

3、munion,recreational function and metalingual function.3. etic: a term in contrast with emic which originates from American linguist Pike’s distinction of phonetics and phonemics.Being etic mans making far too many

4、, as well as behaviously inconsequential,differentiations,just as was ofter the case with phonetic vx.phonemic analysis in linguistics proper.4. emic: a term in contrast with etic which originates from American li

5、nguist Pike’s distinction of phonetics and phonemics.An emic set of speech acts and events must be one that is validated as meaningful via final resource to the native members of a speech communith rather than via qppeal

6、 to the investigator’s ingenuith or intuition alone.5. synchronic: a kind of description which takes a fixed instant(usually,but not necessarily,the present),as its point of observation.Most grammars are of this k

7、ind.6. diachronic:study of a language is carried through the course of its history.7. prescriptive: the study of a language is carried through the course of its history.8. prescriptive: a kind of lin

8、guistic study in which things are prescribed how ought to be,i.e.laying down rules for language use.9. descriptive: a kind of linguistic study in which things are just described.10. arbitrariness: one desig

9、n feature of human language,which refers to the face that the forms of linguistic signs bear no natural relationship to their meaning.11. duality: one design feature of human language,which refers to the property

10、of having two levels of are composed of elements of the secondary.level and each of the two levels has its own principles of organization.12. displacement: one design feature of human language,which means human la

11、nguage enable their users to symbolize objects,events and concepts which are not present c in time and space,at the moment of communication.13. phatic communion: one function of human language,which refers to the

12、social interaction of language.14. metalanguage: certain kinds of linguistic signs or terms for the analysis and 精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-----傾情為你奉上專心---專注---專業(yè)29． Place of articulation: in the production of consonants,place

13、 of articulation refers to where in the vocal tract there is approximation,narrowing,or the obstruction of air.30． Distinctive features: a term of phonology,i.e.a property which distinguishes one phoneme from anot

14、her.胡壯麟語(yǔ)言學(xué)術(shù)語(yǔ)解釋 2[ 2006-3-31 15:50:00 | By: literature123 ]31． Complementary distribution: the relation between tow speech sounds that never occur in the same environment.Allophones of the same phoneme are usually

15、in complementary distribution.32． IPA: the abbreviation of International Phonetic Alphabet,which is devised by the International Phonetic Association in 1888 then it has undergong a number of revisions.IPA is a co

16、mprised system employing symbols of all sources,such as Roman small letters,italics uprighted,obsolete letters,Greek letters,diacritics,etc.33． Suprasegmental:suprasegmental featuresare those aspects of speech tha

17、t involve more than single sound segments.The principal supra-segmental features aresyllable,stress,tone,,and intonation.34． Suprasegmental:aspects of speech that involve more than single sound segments.The princi

18、ple suprasegmental features are syllable,stress,tone,and intonation.35. morpheme:the smallest unit of language in terms of relationship between expression and content,a unit that cannot be divided into further sma

19、ll units without destroying or drastically altering the meaning,whether it is lexical or grammatical.36. compound oly morphemic words which consist wholly of free morphemes,such as classroom,blackboard,snowwhite,e

20、tc.37. inflection: the manifestation of grammatical relationship through the addition of inflectional affixes,such as number,person,finiteness,aspect and case,which do not change the grammatical class of the stems