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1、ChapterChapter1InvitationsInvitationstotoLinguisticsLinguistics1.11.1WhyWhystudystudylanguagelanguage1.1.LanguageLanguageisisveryveryessentialessentialtotohumanhumanbeings.beings.2.2.InInlanguagelanguagetheretherearearem

2、anymanythingsthingsweweshouldshouldknow.know.3.3.FFfurtherfurtherunderstingunderstingweweneedneedtotostudystudylanguagelanguagescientifically.scientifically.1.21.2WhatWhatisislanguagelanguage1.31.3DesignDesignfeaturesfea

3、turesofoflanguagelanguageTheThefeaturesfeaturesthatthatdefinedefineourourhumanhumanlanguageslanguagescancanbebecalledcalleddesigndesignfeaturesfeatureswhichwhichcancandistinguishdistinguishhumanhumanlanguagelanguagefromf

4、romanyanyanimalanimalsystemsystemofofcommunication.communication.1.3.11.3.1ArbitrarinessArbitrariness1.3.21.3.2DualityDuality1.3.31.3.3CreativityCreativityCreativityCreativitymeansmeansthatthatlanguagelanguageisisresourc

5、efulresourcefulbecausebecauseofofitsitsdualitydualityitsitsrecursiveness.recursiveness.RecursivenessRecursivenessrefersreferstotothetherulerulewhichwhichcancanbebeappliedappliedrepeatedlyrepeatedlywithoutwithoutanyanydef

6、initedefinitelimit.limit.TheTherecursiverecursivenaturenatureofoflanguagelanguageprovidesprovidesatheeticaltheeticalbasisbasisffthethepossibilitypossibilityofofcreatingcreatingendlessendlesssentences.sentences.1.3.41.3.4

7、DisplacementDisplacementmeanings.meanings.WhatWhatisiscontextualismcontextualism“Contextualism”“Contextualism”isisbasedbasedononthethepresumptionpresumptionthatthatoneonecancanderivederivemeaningmeaningfromfromreduceredu

8、ceitittotoobservableobservablecontext:context:thethe“situational“situationalcontext”context”thethe“l(fā)inguistic“l(fā)inguisticcontext”.context”.EveryEveryutteranceutteranceoccursoccursininaparticularparticularspatialtempalspat

9、ialtempalsituationsituationasasthethefollowingfollowingfactsfactsarearerelatedrelatedtotothethesituationalsituationalcontext:context:(1)(1)thethespeakerspeakerthethehearerhearer(2)(2)thetheactionsactionstheytheyareareper

10、fmingperfmingatatthethetimetime(3)(3)variousvariousexternalexternalobjectsobjectseventsevents(4)(4)deicticdeicticfeatures.features.TheThe“l(fā)inguistic“l(fā)inguisticcontext”context”isisanotheranotheraspectaspectofofcontextuali

11、sm.contextualism.ItItconsidersconsidersthetheprobabilityprobabilityofofoneonewd’swd’scooccurrencecooccurrencecollocationcollocationwithwithanotheranotherwhichwhichfmsfmspartpartofofthethemeaningmeaningananimptantimptantf

12、actfactinincommunication.communication.HallidayHalliday(1994)(1994)proposesproposesatheytheyofofmetafunctionsmetafunctionsofoflanguage.language.ItItmeansmeansthatthatlanguagelanguagehashasthreethreemetafunctions:metafunc

13、tions:AccdingAccdingtotoHuHuZhuanglinZhuanglinlanguagelanguagehashasatatleastleastsevensevenfunctions:functions:1.5.11.5.1InfmativeInfmative1.5.21.5.2InterpersonalInterpersonalfunctionfunctionTheTheinterpersonalinterpers

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