英語-年度最難的人物傳記

1、年度最難的人物傳記，沒有之一（等你來挑戰(zhàn)）When you listen to digital music, the harmonies and chords that you hear have probably been reconstructed from a file that stored them as components of different frequencies，broken down by a process

2、known as Fourier analysis. As you listen, the cochleae（耳蝸）in your ears repeat the process-- separating the sounds into those same sinusoidal（正弦曲線的）components before sending electrical signals to the brain, which puts the

3、 components together again.Fourier analysis allows complex waveforms to be understood and analyzed by breaking them down into simpler signals. And it’s a shining example of the power and value of intellectual courage.The

4、 roots of the idea go back to the mid 1700s, when the Italian mathematical physicist Joseph Louis Lagrange and others studied the vibration（震動(dòng)）of strings and the propagation of sound. But it was one of Lagrange’s pupils,

5、 Joseph Fourier, who in 1822 truly founded the field that carries his name.Fourier was born 250 years ago, on 21 March 1768.Today, there is virtually no branch of science, technology and engineering that is left untouche

6、d by his ideas. Modern versions and analogues（模擬）of his theory help researchers to analyze their data in almost every discipline，powering everything from YouTube’s videos to machine learning techniques.Among the scientis

7、ts who benefited is Ingrid Daubechies, an applied mathematician，who in the1980 s helped to develop the theory of wavelets（微波） ，which generalized Fourier analysis and opened up previously inaccessible temperature was allo

8、wed to have ‘discontinuities’, or abrupt jumps. This possibility horrified mathematicians at the time, who were much more comfortable with smooth curves that promised simplicity. Fourier stuck to his guns and，as he devel

9、oped his ideas，started to win his critics over.Beyond breaking down a function into frequencies，F(xiàn)ourier created a ‘dual’ profile(雙重的輪廓）that encodes all those frequencies, and that became known as the Fourier transform. I

10、n the twentieth century，the Fourier transform became central to mechanics, showing how physical quantities such as position are ‘dual’ to each other.Modern incarnations（化身）of Fourier analysis include the ’fast Fourier tr

11、ansform’ and ‘discrete Fourier transform’ ，which allow faster and more efficient processing of large amounts of information，including data produced by astronomers.He succeeded in his fifties. Patience is a virtue, but so

12、 is a willingness to pursue intuition（直覺）to conclusions that conventional wisdom considers illogical. Fourier did that and so stands as a scientific giant who should be remembered and appreciated by researchers everywher