2014高考英語閱讀理解推理判斷題答題技巧

1、2014 2014 高考英語閱讀理解推理判斷題的解題技巧 高考英語閱讀理解推理判斷題的解題技巧推理判斷題 推理判斷題這類題屬于主觀題，是層次較高的設(shè)題。它包括判斷和推理題。這兩類題常常相互依存，推理是為了得出正確的判斷，正確的判斷又依賴于合乎邏輯的推理。推理題要求在理解原文表面文字信息的基礎(chǔ)上，做出一定判斷和推論，從而得到文章的隱含意義和深層意義。推理題所涉及的內(nèi)容可能是文中某一句話，也可是某幾句話，但做題的指導(dǎo)思想都是以文字信息為依據(jù)

2、，既不能做出在原文中找不到文字根據(jù)的推理，也不能根據(jù)表面文字信息做多步推理。所以，推理題的答案只能是根據(jù)原文表面文字信息一步推出的答案：即對原文某一句話或某幾句話所作的同義改寫(paraphrase)或綜合。常見的題干有：1) It can be inferred from the text that.2) We can conclude that.3) When the writer talks about..., what he r

3、eally means is that.4) Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?判斷題考查學(xué)生在理解文章的基礎(chǔ)上，對不同觀點(diǎn)進(jìn)行評價(jià)和判斷的能力。推理題考查學(xué)生由文章的字面信息推出未知信息或隱含信息的能力。1) 判斷有據(jù), 推論有理, 忠實(shí)原文。切忌用自己的觀點(diǎn)代替作者的本意。2) 全面分析所有相關(guān)信息，切忌片面思考，得出片面結(jié)論。3) 善于揣摩作者思路，盡可

4、能與作者的思路吻合。4）不可直接選取文中的原句。例 1： AnnealingAnnealing is a way of making metal softer by heating it and then letting it cool very slowly. If metal is heated and then cooled very quickly, for example by dip

5、ping (浸) it in water, it will be very hard but also very brittle-that is, it will break easily. Metal that has been annealed is soft but does not break as easily. It is possible to make metal as hard or as soft as it is

6、wished, by annealing it. The metal is heated, and allowed to cool slowly for a certain length of time. The longer the heated metal takes to cool slowly, the softer it becomes. Annealing can also be used on other material

7、, such as glass.（1990NMET）①Why do people put hot metal in water?A. To make it hard. B. To make it soft. C. To make it cool. D. To make it brittle.[分析]答案為 A，此題屬推斷歸納題。文中第二句說如果把金屬加熱，然后迅速放到水里冷卻，也就會(huì)變得非常硬，但也變得脆。h

8、ard 是工藝的主觀目的。brittle 是伴隨的客觀結(jié)果，故選 A 而不選 D。B 項(xiàng)明顯錯(cuò)誤；C 項(xiàng)是手段不是目的，因此，都可排除。②In annealing, the required hardness of metal depends on __.A. the quantity of water used B. the temperature of the metalC. the softness of the me

9、tal D. the timing of the operation[分析]答案為 D,此題屬概括歸納題。timing 是時(shí)間的選擇。本答案的依據(jù)是 5 和 6 兩句，“The metal is heated,…length of time.“,“The longer…the softer it becomes.“cool 的時(shí)間是可以控制的，時(shí)間越長越 soft,即硬度就越低。由此我們可得出結(jié)論：在退火過程中，金屬的硬度

10、是受到冷卻的時(shí)間長短影響的。③As suggested by the text, how can glass be made less brittle?“閱讀理解”解題過程中，需要在通篇理解大意的基礎(chǔ)上找到與本題相關(guān)的線索，弄清各項(xiàng)事實(shí)之間的聯(lián)系，辨別選項(xiàng)內(nèi)容之間的細(xì)微差別，排除干擾，找準(zhǔn)最佳答案．[答案] D⑤Environmentalists believe one possible way of dealing with the

11、 paper situation is_________．A．to encourage printing more quality documents B．to develop new printers using recycled paperC．to find new materials for making paper D．to plant more fast-growing trees[分析]本題問及環(huán)保人士(e

12、nvironmentalists)對于用紙所引起的環(huán)保問題的解決途徑所持看法．結(jié)尾段中談到：The action group (= the environmentalists) has also found acceptable paper made from materials other than wood， such as agricultural waste，也就是本題選項(xiàng)中的 C 項(xiàng)to find new materials

13、for making paper．通過查讀可以發(fā)現(xiàn)，選項(xiàng) D 在文中根本沒有涉及，選項(xiàng) B 將文中細(xì)節(jié)內(nèi)容做了一點(diǎn)改變，形成干擾．考慮 B 項(xiàng)，文中為：the problem is taken care of， because of recycling． ． ． ；． ． ．printers that prin to on both sides are growing in popularity(結(jié)尾段)；兩處內(nèi)容綜合衍生而成選項(xiàng) B．

14、但并未說有使用 recycled paper 的 new printers，本項(xiàng)應(yīng)排除．D 項(xiàng)所說的 plant more fast-growing trees 則在文中完全沒有提到．[答案] c⑥Hewlett-Packard Co． has decided to develop new technologies because ________．A．people are concerned about the environmen

15、t B．printers in many offices are working overtimeC．small companies need more hard copies D．they see a growing market for printers[分析]題干中的 HP Company(這家公司在打印機(jī)和電腦廠商里也可算是聞名遐邇了)是對我們尋找答案極為有用的線索，循此很快可以找到第 3 段里，該公司 de

16、velop new technologies 的原因(也是目的)在于：enable people to print even more． ． ． ．本段結(jié)尾則一語道破：As the company sees it，the more use of the Internet the greater demand for printers．顯然只是要讓人們更多地打印，牟利之心昭然若揭，其技術(shù)發(fā)展的原因與環(huán)保無關(guān)(排除 A項(xiàng))；與超時(shí)辦公也無

17、直接邏輯聯(lián)系(排除 B 項(xiàng))；對于 hard copies 有需求的也不僅僅是small companies(排除 C 項(xiàng))；本題正確答案為 D．例 3：A visitor visits an island where two tribes live. One tribe always tells the truth and the other always lies. The truth tellers live on the we

18、stern side of the island, and those who lie live on the eastern side. The visitor wants to determine whether the native beside him is a truth teller or not by asking only one question. He asks the native,” Go and ask the

19、 native in the distance which side of the island he lives on.” When the messenger returns, he says, “He said he lives on the western side of the island.“Is the messenger a truth teller or not? How can the visitor be sure

20、?⑦According to the messenger's answer, the visitor can conclude that_______________A. The messenger lives on the western side of the island because he tells the truth.B. the messenger lives on the eastern side of

21、the island because his answer may be a lie.C. it's hard to determine whether the messenger is a truth teller or not.D. the messenger probably lives in the western side of the island because his answer may be true. [

22、分析]推測有關(guān)信使（近處的當(dāng)?shù)厝耍┣闆r的。我們知道，講真話的部落住在島的西部，撒謊的部落住在島的東部。這個(gè)信使去問遠(yuǎn)方的當(dāng)?shù)厝俗≡趰u的哪一邊（東部還是西部） 。遠(yuǎn)方的當(dāng)?shù)厝酥荒苡袃煞N情況，要么住在島的西部，要么住在島的東部。如果他住在島的西部，他就是一個(gè)講真話的人，他就會(huì)如實(shí)回答他住在西部。如果他住在島的東部，他就是一個(gè)撒謊的人。他本來住在東部，但在回答時(shí)，必須要說謊，他只能回答他住在西部。所以遠(yuǎn)方的當(dāng)?shù)厝瞬还苁亲≡跂|部還是西部，他的回