外文翻譯--公共財(cái)政均等化視角下的農(nóng)村義務(wù)教育改革（原文）

1、Asian Social Science July, 2008 7Reform of Rural Compulsory Education under The Perspective of Public Finance Equalization Fangcheng Yuan Research Cen

2、ter of China Rural Affairs, Huazhong Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China E-mail: yuanfangcheng1978@yahoo.com.cn Abstract In the public services provided by the government, education plays an important part. Providing

3、equal educational service is the basic function of public finance. In terms of equalization of public service, this article remounts to the system changes of rural compulsory education, investigates the practice of the

4、 protecting investment in rural compulsory education reform, which now is in the stage of government-supported compulsory education, and objectively evaluates the complicated effect of the reform. Furthermore, some mea

5、sures on the reform of rural compulsory education are presented. Keywords: Public service, Equalization, Rural compulsory education, Reform Education service play an important part in government to providing public serv

6、ice, providing an equal education service is the basic responsibility of public finance. As being urban and rural dualistic structure and having more village population, the importance of compulsory education in countr

7、ies is obvious. “The compulsory education is a biggest public utilities in country“, The meaning of equalization of providing public production in village compulsory education realm is reflected: only to guarantee the

8、public production of education’s equalization, can make sure that more farmer receive fair and justice in the aspects of existing and developing. The village compulsory education has stronger public production characte

9、ristic, in building China into a moderately prosperous society in an all-round and building a harmonious socialist society, it is fundamental, overall. The spread and strengthen of village compulsory education, is the

10、assurance of carry out the strategy of invigorating the country through science, technology and education and the strategy of reinvigorating China through human resource development; is the action of carrying policy “th

11、e industry returns nurturing to parents the agriculture, the city supports the rural”, push forward education equity and society equity, make sure the large people share the results of the development. It is also the p

12、ublic service which enhances a government’s service to the village, extend the inevitable request of scope that the public finance overlays village. With the development of our country in economy, especially the centra

13、l public finance income, public service is turned up on the agenda. As the important part of public service, village compulsory education will receive more attention and focus in public service. Since the end of 2005,

14、the reform measure brings the village compulsory education into the public finance system and the central finance provide budget to village compulsory education, the compulsory education in our country was turn to the

15、history that “the government do“ from “the people do“. 1. Practice advancement of the rural compulsory education reform To promote the Public services even equalization, reduces the regional disparity of the compulsory e

16、ducation, the funds safeguard mechanism reform of rural compulsory education the spring term 2006, to divide the year, to divide the area to implement gradually. In order to balanced regional disparity, the central sup

17、port focus on the central and western regions, some of the difficulties with an appropriate balance of the eastern region. Previous two years in carrying out, latter three years again in consolidated. 1.1 The gradual

18、promotion of the step of the reform pubic services' even equalization request collective services in the opportunity, the process and the result aspect should be roughly equal. But the rural compulsory education'

19、;s regional disparity is most prominent between the east and west. Therefore the spring term starts from 2006, the new mechanism first in the western 12 provinces, the Xinjiang Construction Corps and middle enjoys the

20、western treatment Tujia-Miao Autonomous Prefecture of Xiangxi of Hunan, Tujia-Miao Autonomous Prefecture of Enshi of Hubei, the Jilin Yanbian Korean National Minority autonomous prefecture to start to implement, in Hai

21、nan's 8 counties, Hunan 3 counties and Anhui 2 counties carries on the experiment site. The fall term starts in 2006, further expands the experiment site scope, in the middle Hebei Zunhua, the Jilin Dongfeng County

22、, the Heilongjiang Yi'an County, the Shanxi Huairen County, the Henan Fugou County, the Hubei Shayang County and Jiangxi Ji'an County altogether 7 counties carries on the experiment site. And already 8 provinces

23、 Asian Social Science July, 2008 9village compulsory education stage of region in the west the poor family student can be free to get hold of national

24、 provision the textbook of the course, The central public finance prepared to stir 2007 spring free textbook in 2 beginning of the months item particularly funds 142,500,000,000 dollars, will be 22 provinces(autonomous

25、 region, direct jurisdiction city) and Xinjiang to produce construction large unit 34,000,000 stage poor family primary school of the village compulsory educations living free provide a textbook. In addition, national

26、minority compulsory education with more than 100,000 population stage student will all bring into a free textbook to issue scope. 2. The reform preliminary result and the operation contradictory 2.1 The preliminary resu

27、lt Since the implementation of the new mechanism in the western and the middle area, the start has been smooth, the opening has been fine , has got notable achievement Guarantee mechanism reforms western region in 2006

28、rural area compulsory education funds already obtained the preliminary result. First, the fund gradually arrives, the farmers' burden is eased off further. Up to June, 2006, altogether carries out the western area

29、 rural compulsory education funds safeguard mechanism reform fund 46 .500 million Yuan, central fund 36.900 million Yuan, the place fund 9 .600 million Yuan, cover the rural compulsory education stage student 48.8 mill

30、ion people. The mechanism the school building is kept in repair reforming the long effect starts all round, the central finance has issued this year school building service transformation fund budget to the mid-west are

31、a to control several 28 .3.6 billion Yuan. Exempt school from this one incidental expenses , western region Spring term is ascertained dispense with the incidental expenses fund is close 4 billion yuan, favor and more

32、than 48,800,000 rural area compulsory education stages students, every pupil alleviates burdens 140 yuan , the junior high school student alleviates burdens 180 yuan averagely; Now that but enjoying the textbook free o

33、f charge, enjoy the poor boarder that cost of living subsidizes, the pupil alleviates burdens 510 yuan averagely , the junior high school student alleviates burdens 620 yuan. (Note 1) Next, public rural area middle and

34、 primary school funds guarantee population level have had rise, the phenomenon educating an arbitrary exaction of fees from enterprises has been got keep within limits. Funds gets rural compulsory education in 2006 in

35、time appropriate, reform area school functioning normally. Rural area middle and primary school travel funds that the whole nation public county rural area middle and primary school funds having almost 1/3 seldom, is “

36、zero allocation of funds” depending on collecting incidental expenses, budgetary allocations mainly before putting new mechanism into practice. All rural school has all got the public funds that the government appropria

37、tes in the western part after putting new mechanism into practice, has ensured the school regularity moving round, a little area that are impoverished rural school funds increases by several times. The strict norm char

38、ges everywhere since reformation, behavior, the arbitrary exaction of fees from enterprises falls off obviously. Most school has wasted the outside except receive the textbook fee and boarder accommodation as an agent,

39、 aspect has all been “charge for zero “ other, charge for education has appeared many local “zero complaint “. 24 work at a selected spot county's the personnel charges by knowing school standard and checking 480 s

40、tudents , 490 family are in progress to work at a selected spot to interview and investigate by sampling to find that, put new machine-made working at a selected spot into practice not collecting besides school compose

41、s in reply originally a boarder accommodation fee except that “system-consuming” standard receive the textbook , school assignment as an agent according to one“ to the student, other any cost. Once more, impelled the g

42、overnment department function transformation, promoted the school administration standardization, and enhanced the government and the school administration level. The new mechanism strengthened the government from the

43、system stratification plane to the compulsory education responsibility, brings into line with school all revenue and expenditures the government budget management, impelled the government department function transforma

44、tion, promoted the school scientific management, the democracy to manage finances. The rural elementary and middle schools generally reflected that, at same time in 2006 the finance budgetary revenue has the increase c

45、ompared to 2005, the majority of schools can maintain the normal work, the school each month financial subsidy income are basic and the disbursement quite. Finally, the rural compulsory education funds safeguard mechan

46、ism reform safeguarded the rural child from the system to accept the compulsory education the opportunity, the problem that the rural area compulsory education stage goes to school difficultly, to go to school the expe

47、nsive question basically is solved. According to the preliminary statistics, the western area approximately has the child which 200,000 discontinues studies to return to the campus. The elementary school graduate propo

48、rtion of students entering schools of a higher grade by 2005 98 .4% rise to 2006 100%, this is still born in the year of in our country in history first. Nearly 200,000 rural discontinue studies the student to return to