[雙語翻譯]旅游管理專業(yè)外文翻譯—理解智慧旅游生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的概念基礎(chǔ)（節(jié)選）

1、字?jǐn)?shù)：英文 字?jǐn)?shù)：英文 2250 2250 單詞， 單詞，13270 13270 字符；中文 字符；中文 4336 4336 漢字 漢字出處： 出處：Gretzel, Gretzel, Ulrike, Ulrike, et et al. al. Conceptual Conceptual foundations foundations for for understanding understanding smart smart tou

2、rism tourism ecosystems[J].Computers ecosystems[J].Computers in in Human Human Behavior.2015,50(C):558-563. Behavior.2015,50(C):558-563.外文文獻： 外文文獻： Conceptual foundations for understanding smart tourism ecosystemsAbstrac

3、t Using digital ecosystems and smart business networks as conceptual building blocks, this paper defines, describes and illustrates the idea of a smart tourism ecosystem (STE). It further draws on conceptualizations of

4、smart technologies, smart cities and smart tourism to envision new ways in which value is created, exchanged and consumed in the STE. Technologies essential to the functioning of an STE are described and it is argued tha

5、t data emerging from these technologies are the driver for new business models, interaction paradigms and even new species. Critical questions regarding the need for regulatory intervention and innovative research are ra

6、ised.Key words: Smart tourism; Value creation; Smart technologies; Open innovation; Sharing economy; Tourism experienceTouristic EcosystemEcosystems are generally defined as communities of interacting organisms and their

7、 environments (TheFreeDictionary, 2015), and are typically described as complex networks formed because of resource interdependencies. McCormack (2011) explains that ecosystems, like other kinds of systems, are comprised

8、 of elements, interconnections and a function/purpose, but are special types of systems in that their defining what players actually belong to the tourism industry and in measuring the economic value contributed by touri

9、sm. The extensive reliance on digital infrastructure of such tourism systems has also been long acknowledged (Sheldon, 1997). The both disruptive and creative power of technological innovation within tourism ecosystems h

10、as been discussed for both Web 1.0 (Werthner & Klein, 1999) and Web 2.0 (Benckendorff, Sheldon, & Fesenmaier, 2014). Information and communication technologies have been essential in tourism ecosystems for connec

11、ting the different players that add value to the experience. Werthner and Klein (1999) illustrated the fundamental technology-supported tourism value chain and its components (Fig. 1), with the Internet making it possibl

12、e to completely circumvent traditional distribution channels.Fig. 1. The tourism system as a technology-supported value chain (Werthner & Klein, 1999).A special characteristic of a tourism ecosystem is the immense nu

13、mber of microorganisms (small or micro, often family owned and/or owner operated businesses). It is also often geographically defined but usually requires connections and interactions beyond the core area. Indeed, the te