中國(guó)改革、發(fā)展和重大社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)問(wèn)題的制度基礎(chǔ)（翻譯初稿、

1、中國(guó)改革中國(guó)改革、發(fā)展發(fā)展和重大社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)問(wèn)題和重大社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)問(wèn)題的制度基礎(chǔ)的制度基礎(chǔ)（翻譯翻譯初稿、初稿、有待有待作者作者校訂校訂）2011年７月許成鋼許成鋼香港大學(xué)香港大學(xué)摘要：中國(guó)的經(jīng)濟(jì)改革伴隨著卓越的經(jīng)濟(jì)騰飛，以及舉世屬目的大規(guī)模減貧。然而，從傳統(tǒng)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)的視角看，中國(guó)制度存在的嚴(yán)重缺陷使得解釋中國(guó)改革以來(lái)的突出成就極其困難，此即所謂的“中國(guó)之謎”（theChinaPuzzle）。此外，中國(guó)面對(duì)的日益復(fù)雜，甚至日益尖銳的重大社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)問(wèn)

2、題更使人們疑惑中國(guó)的制度會(huì)導(dǎo)致中國(guó)的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展走向何處。本書(shū)試圖從理論、實(shí)證以及歷史的角度分析構(gòu)成中國(guó)改革、發(fā)展和重大社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)問(wèn)題的制度基礎(chǔ)。瑾希望本書(shū)不僅能為讀者破解“中國(guó)之謎”，而且能為讀者認(rèn)清中國(guó)體制改革的方向盡微薄之力。我稱中國(guó)制度核心部分為《地方分權(quán)式的威權(quán)主義體系》。其特點(diǎn)是政治、人事權(quán)的高度集中與行政、經(jīng)濟(jì)控制權(quán)的高度放權(quán)的緊密結(jié)合。此體制決定了中國(guó)改革與發(fā)展的軌跡，決定了困擾中國(guó)的基本困難。本書(shū)論證，無(wú)論是中國(guó)突飛猛進(jìn)的發(fā)

3、展，還是它所面臨的諸多嚴(yán)峻問(wèn)題，都源于這一體制，分權(quán)式威權(quán)制。目錄1.前言..............................................................................................................................................42.基本制度：地方分權(quán)式威權(quán)主義........................

4、......................................................................82.1分權(quán)式經(jīng)濟(jì)治理：地方分權(quán)............................................................................................82.2集中制政治治理...............................

5、...............................................................................122.2.1逐步演變的中央決策流程...................................................................................132.2.2人事控制.............................

6、..................................................................................162.3中央地方關(guān)系................................................................................................................172.4總評(píng)........

7、..........................................................................................................................193.地方競(jìng)爭(zhēng)和地方政府的改革激勵(lì)機(jī)制..............................................................................

8、......203.1“錦標(biāo)賽”式地方競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的制度基礎(chǔ)..............................................................................213.2證據(jù).............................................................................................................

9、.....................243.3中國(guó)的地區(qū)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)與財(cái)政聯(lián)邦主義之爭(zhēng)..........................................................................284.地區(qū)體制試驗(yàn)..............................................................................................

10、..............................314.1地區(qū)試點(diǎn)的制度性基礎(chǔ)..................................................................................................344.2土地改革與經(jīng)濟(jì)特區(qū)（SEZs）的地區(qū)試點(diǎn)工作..................................................

11、.......374.3試點(diǎn)工作中的激勵(lì)機(jī)制..................................................................................................435.重大改革中的地區(qū)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)與地區(qū)試點(diǎn).................................................................................

12、.......455.1鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)企業(yè)（TVEs）與非國(guó)有經(jīng)濟(jì).................................................................................455.2國(guó)有經(jīng)濟(jì)改革：由中央發(fā)起的地區(qū)試點(diǎn)......................................................................495.3私有化：地方發(fā)起的試驗(yàn)...

13、...........................................................................................545.4地方分權(quán)對(duì)增長(zhǎng)的影響..................................................................................................586.地方分權(quán)的權(quán)衡取舍...

14、.............................................................................................................606.1法規(guī)........................................................................................................

15、..........................616.2地方保護(hù)..........................................................................................................................666.3地區(qū)差異......................................................

16、....................................................................696.4解決中國(guó)的制度問(wèn)題......................................................................................................737.結(jié)束語(yǔ).............................