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1、MostpeoplewhobotherwiththematteratallwouldadmitthattheEnglishlanguageisinabadway,butitisgenerallyassumedthatwecannotbyconsciousactiondoanythingaboutit.大多數(shù)為英語而煩心的人都會承認(rèn),英語的處境不佳,并且我們不能通過有意識的行動而使這種情形有所改觀。Ourcivilizationisdec
2、adentourlanguagesotheargumentrunsmustinevitablyshareinthegeneralcollapse.我們的文明頹廢不堪,語言也不能幸免,她不可避免的成為整體衰落的一份子。Itfollowsthatanystruggleagainsttheabuseoflanguageisasentimentalarchaism,likepreferringclestoelectriclighthansomc
3、abstoaeroplanes.隨之而來,任何反對濫用語言的努力都是感情上的復(fù)古主義者,就像那些傾向于蠟燭而非電燈,或是偏愛馬車而非飛機(jī)的努力一樣。Underneaththisliesthehalfconsciousbeliefthatlanguageisanaturalgrowthnotaninstrumentwhichweshapefourownpurposes.言外之意,這里隱藏著一種并不十分明細(xì)的信念,即語言是自然衍生的結(jié)果,并
4、不是我們?yōu)樽陨碇愣鴦?chuàng)造的工具。Now,itisclearthatthedeclineofalanguagemustultimatelyhavepoliticaleconomiccauses:itisnotduesimplytothebadinfluenceofthisthatindividualwriter.現(xiàn)在可以明白了,一種語言的衰落歸根結(jié)底都會有政治和經(jīng)濟(jì)上的原因:而不能簡單的歸因于一兩個蹩腳作家的不良影響。Butaneffec
5、tcanbecomeacause,一步。Eachofthesepassageshasfaultsofitsownbutquiteapartfromavoidableuglinesstwoqualitiesarecommontoallofthem.Thefirstisstalenessofimagerytheotherislackofprecision.每段文章的文句都有問題,避免行文粗陋了,但是他們有點兩點是共同的:比喻陳腐或缺少精確性
6、。Thewritereitherhasameaningcannotexpressitheinadvertentlysayssomethingelseheisalmostindifferentastowhetherhiswdsmeananythingnot.作者或者有某種想法卻苦于表達(dá),或者在不經(jīng)意間傳達(dá)了其他信息,又或者他根本不在乎他的字句是否表達(dá)了書面。Thismixtureofvaguenesssheerincompetenceis
7、themostmarkedacteristicofmodernEnglishproseespeciallyofanykindofpoliticalwriting.這種含混不清與全然無力的表達(dá),是當(dāng)今英語文章最顯著的特點,而在任何政治性的寫作中,更是莫此為甚。Assoonascertaintopicsareraisedtheconcretemeltsintotheabstractnooneseemsabletothinkofturnsof
8、speechthatarenothackneyed:proseconsistslesslessofWDSchosenfthesakeoftheirmeaningmemeofPHRASEStackedtogetherlikethesectionsofaprefabricatedhenhouse.一旦選中特定的論題,具體就化為抽象,幾乎沒人有能力思考說話的口吻,而這都已司空見慣。文章的選詞越來越少的考慮詞本身的含義,反倒是越來越多的由短語堆
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