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1、1AmericanPoliticsGovernmentSystemTheUnitedStatesisafederalconstitutionalrepublicinwhichthePresidentoftheUnitedStates(theheadofstateheadofgovernment)Congressjudiciarysharepowersreservedtothenationalgovernmentthefederalgov
2、ernmentsharessovereigntywiththestategovernments.Federalstateelectionsgenerallytakeplacewithinatwopartysystem.1.TheConstitutionThegovernmentoftheUnitedStatesisbasedonawrittenconstitutiontheConstitutionof1789whichcreatesth
3、ebasicstructureofthefederalgovernment.TheConstitutionisbuiltonsixbasicprinciples.ThesearedeeplyingrainedinthemindsetlscapeofUSGovernment.●PopularSovereigntyThisprinciplestatesthatthesourceofgovernmentalpowerlieswiththepe
4、ople.●LimitedGovernmentTheUSgovernmentdoesnotderiveitspowerfromitself.Itmustfollowitsownlawsitcanonlyactusingpowersgiventoitbythepeople.●SeparationofPowersTheUSGovernmentisdividedintothreebranchessothatnoonebranchhasallt
5、hepower.Eachbranchhasitsownpurpose:tomakethelawsexecutethelawsinterpretthelaws.●ChecksBalancesEachbranchofgovernmenthasacertainnumberofchecksitcanusetoensuretheotherbranchesdonotbecometoopowerful.Fexamplethepresidentcanv
6、etolegislationtheSupremeCourtcandeclareactsofCongressunconstitutionaltheSenatemustapprovetreatiespresidentialappointments.●JudicialReviewThisisapowerthatallowstheSupremeCourttodecidewhetheractslawsareunconstitutional.●Fe
7、deralismOneofthemostcomplicatedfoundationsoftheUSistheprincipleoffederalism.Thisistheideathatthecentralgovernmentdoesnotcontrolallthepowerinthenation.Statesalsohavepowersreservedtothem.2.ThreeBranchesofGovernmentTheConst
8、itutioncreatedthreeseparatebranchesofgovernment.Eachbranchhasitsownpowersareasofinfluence.Thethreebranchesare:●LegislativeBranchThisbranchconsistsoftheCongresswhichisresponsiblefmakingthefederallaws.Congressconsistsoftwo
9、houses:theSenatetheHouseofRepresentatives.●ExecutiveBranchTheExecutivepowerlieswiththePresidentoftheUnitedStateswhoisgiventhejobofexecutingenfcingadministeringthelawsgovernment.TheBureaucracyispartoftheExecutiveBranch.●J
10、udicialBranchThejudicialpoweroftheUnitedStatesisvestedintheSupremeCourtthefederalcourts.3TheSupremeCourtconsistsofnineJustices:theChiefJusticeoftheUnitedStateseightAssociateJustices.Theyhaveequalweightwhenvotingonacaseth
11、eChiefJusticehasnocastingvotepowertoinstructcolleagues.TheJusticesarenominatedbythePresidentconfirmedwiththeadviceconsentoftheSenate.AsfederaljudgestheJusticesserveflifecanberemovedonlybyresignationbyimpeachmentsubsequen
12、tconviction.6.PoliticalParties&ElectionsTheAmericanpoliticalsystemisdominatedbytwopoliticalparties:theDemocraticPartytheRepublicanParty.TheseareveryoldverystablepartiestheDemocratsgobacktothe1824theRepublicanswerefounded
13、in1854.TheDemocraticPartyissometimesrepresentedasadonkeywhiletheRepublicanPartyissometimesfeaturedasanelephant.Themainreasonfthedominanceofthesetwopartiesisthattheelectalsystemis“firstpastthepost”combinedwiththelargevote
14、rsizeoftheconstituenciesintheHousetheSenateensuresthateffectivelyonlytwopartiescanplay.TheotherkeyfactisthehugeinfluenceofmoneyintheAmericanelectalsystem.Sinceacidatecanspendanyamounthecanraisesinceonecanbuybroadcastingt
15、imetheUScanonlyaffdtwopartiescidatesofanyotherpartyfaceafablefinancialbarriertoentry.PoliticsGovernmentSystemintheUnitedKingdomThepoliticsoftheUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainNthernIrelhastakenplaceintheframewkofaconstitution
16、almonarchyinwhichtheMonarchisheadofstatethePrimeMinisteroftheUnitedKingdomistheheadofgovernment.1.MonarchTheBritishMonarchQueenElizabethIIistheUnitedKingdomsheadofstatebuttakeslittledirectpartingovernment.Herpowersashead
17、ofstateareessentiallyceremonial.2.ExecutiveExecutivepowerintheUnitedKingdomisexercisedbytheUKGovernmenttheScottishGovernmenttheWelshAssemblyGovernmenttheNthernIrelExecutive.2.1.TheUnitedKingdomGovernment2.1.1ThePrimeMini
18、stertheCabiThemonarchappointsaPrimeMinisterastheheadofHerMajestysGovernment.ThePrimeMinisterisresponsiblefchairingCabimeetingsingCabiministersfmulatinggovernmentalpolicy.SHestheotherMinistersofthevariousGovernmentDepartm
19、ents.AbouttwentyofthemostsenigovernmentministersmakeuptheCabi.2.1.2GovernmentDepartmentstheCivilServiceGovernmentdepartmentsareeitherministerialdepartmentsnonministerialdepartments.Ministerialdepartmentsareledpolitically
20、byaGovernmentminister.FmostdepartmentstheGovernmentministerisknownasasecretaryofstateisamemberoftheCabi.Hesheisgenerallysupptedbyateamofjuniministers.ManyUKgovernmentdepartmentsaresimilartothoseinothercountriescoversubje
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