大學英語精讀第5冊課文全文翻譯

1、大學英語精讀第大學英語精讀第5冊和第冊和第6冊全文課文翻譯冊全文課文翻譯AKindofSermonItisprobablyeasierfteachersthanfstudentstoappreciatethereasonswhylearningEnglishseemstobecomeincreasinglydifficultoncethebasicstructurespatternsofthelanguagehavebeenunders

2、tood.Studentsarenaturallysurpriseddisappointedtodiscoverthataprocesswhichoughttobecomesimplerdoesnotappeartodoso.Itmaynotseemmuchconsolationtopointoutthattheteachertoobecomesfrustratedwhenhisefftsappeartoproducelessobvio

3、usresults.HefindsthatstudentswhowereeasytoteachbecausetheysucceededinputtingeverythingtheyhadbeentaughtintopracticehesitatewhenconfrontedwiththevastuntouchedareaofEnglishvocabularyusagewhichfallsoutsidethescopeofbasictex

4、tbooks.Heseesthemstrugglingbecausethelanguagetheythoughttheyknewnowappearstoconsistofabewilderingvarietyofidiomsclichdacceptedphraseswithdifferentmeaningsindifferentcontexts.Itishardtoconvincethemthattheyarestillmakingpr

5、ogresstowardsfluencythattheirEnglishiscertaintoimprovegiventimededication.Insuchcircumstancesitishardlysurprisingthatsomegiveupindisgustwhileothersstillwaithopefullyftheteachertogivethemthesameconfidentguidancehewasablet

6、oofferthematfirst.Theteacherfhispartfrequentlyreducedtotryingtoexplaintheinexplicablemaytakerefugeinquotingproverbstohiscolleaguessuchas:“Youcanleadahsetowaterbutyoucantwhatyousay.Itsthewaythatyousayit.“Hisstudentsmightf

7、eelinclinedtocounterthesewith:“ThemeIlearnthelessIknow.“Ofcoursethisisnottrue.Whatbothstudentsteachersareexperiencingistherecognitionthatthemecomplexstructuresoneencountersinalanguagearenotasvitaltomakingoneselfunderstoo

8、dsohavealessimmediatefieldofapplication.Fthesamereasonfromtheteacherspointofviewingwhatshouldbetaughtbecomesamedifficulttask.Itismucheasiertogetfoodofanykindthantochoosethedishyouwouldmostliketoeatonagivendayfromavastmen

9、u.Definingtheproblemiseasierthanprovidingthesolution.OnecansuggestthatstudentsshouldspendtwothreeyearsinanEnglishspeakingcountrywhich一番說教一番說教也許老師比學生更容易理解，為什么學生在掌握了英語基本結(jié)構(gòu)和句型后英語學習反而變得越來越困難了。學生們自然感到驚奇并失望地發(fā)現(xiàn)本來應(yīng)該變得越來越容易的學習過程卻

10、完全不是那么回事。學生們并不感到多少安慰，在知道老師在其努力所產(chǎn)生的效果似乎不及一開始明顯也會灰心喪氣。他發(fā)現(xiàn)那些學生很容易去教，為他們能把所學的知識很快的用于實踐?？涩F(xiàn)在，他們卻面對前階段中從未學過的大量生詞，慣用法顯得躊躇不前。他看到學生們在艱難地努力著，因為他們以前認為已經(jīng)認識的語言現(xiàn)在似乎充滿了令人頭昏眼花的成語，陳舊用語以及在不同上下文中有不同含義的慣用詞組。要想讓他們相信他們?nèi)猿ǖ姆较虬l(fā)展，他們英語就一定提高是很困難的

11、。并且，只要肯花時間和持之以恒。有些學生在此情況下厭惡地放棄了學習，這并不出人意外；同時，另一些學生仍然充滿希望地盼著老師象開始時那樣給他們以滿懷信心的指導(dǎo)。從教師這方面看，由于往往不得不去講解一些無法說清楚的東西，他常常會對同事們引用一些諺語權(quán)充臺階，比如：你能牽馬河邊走，馬不飲水你自愁，或說得比較尊重對方但語法并不嚴謹：倒不在乎說什么，關(guān)鍵瞧您怎么說。他的學生則會反唇相譏道：我越學越糊涂。事實當然并非如此。師生們正體驗著一種共識，即

12、學習中遇到的較復(fù)雜的語言結(jié)構(gòu)在表達思想中并非至關(guān)重要，因此也就少有可能立刻派上用場。出于同樣的理由，在老師看來，恰當?shù)剡x擇教材變得更困難了。任選一種食品比從品種繁多的菜單上單挑一道在某個特定日子里你想吃的菜要容易多了。awakeninyouthesleepingpoetmusicianastronomerthatpossiblyinhabitedyoufromthebeginning.“Thefreedomtobeonesbestist

13、hechancefthedevelopmentofeachpersontohishighestpower.HowisitthatweinAmericahavebeguntolosethisfreedomhowcanweregainitfournationsyouthIbelieveithasstartedslippingawayfromusbecauseofthreemisunderstings.Firstthemisunderstin

14、gofthemeaningofdemocracy.TheprincipalofagreatPhiladelphiahighschoolisdriventocryfhelpincombatingthenotionthatitisundemocratictorunaspecialprogramofstudiesfoutstingboysgirls.AgainwhenagoodindependentschoolinMemphisrecentl

15、yclosedsomethoughtfulcitizensurgedthatitbetakenoverbythepublicschoolsystemusedfboysgirlsofhighabilitywhatithaveentrancerequirementsgiveanadvancedprogramofstudiestosuperistudentswhowereinterestedabletotakeit.Theproposalwa

16、srejectedbecauseitwasundemocratic!Thuscoursesaregearedtothedleoftheclass.Thegoodstudentisunchallengedbed.Theloaferreceiveshispassinggrade.thelackofanoutstingcourseftheoutstingstudentthelackofastardwhichaboygirlmustmeetpa

17、ssesfdemocracy.Thesecondmisunderstingconcernswhatmakesfhappiness.Theaimsofourpresentdaycultureareavowedlyeasematerialwellbeing:shterhoursashterweekmereturnflessaccomplishmentmesoftsoapexcusesfewerhonestrealisticdems.Inou

18、rschoolsthisisreflectedbythevanishinghickysticktheemergingpsychiatrist.Thehickystickhaditsfaultsthepsychiatristhashisstrengths.Buthickystickhaditsfaultsthepsychiatristhashisstrengths.Butthetrendisclear.Toutcomprendrecest

19、toutpardoner(Toundersteverythingistoexcuseeverything).DowereallybelievethatoursofteningstardsbringhappinessIsitoursoundconsideredjudgmentthatthetoughersubjectsoftheclassicsmathematicsshouldbethrownasideassuggestedbysomee

20、ducatsfdollplayingSmallwonderthatlesMalikLebanesedelegateattheU.N.writes:“ThereisintheWest“(intheUnitedStates)“ageneralweakeningofmalfiber.(Our)leadershipdoesnotseemtobeadequatetotheunprecedentedchallengesoftheage.“Thela

21、stmisunderstingisintheareaofvalues.Herearesomeofthemostinfluentialtesofteachereducationoverthepastfiftyyears:thereisnoeternal個被埋沒的莫扎特，他不可能受到訓練或培養(yǎng)。這個孩子有自由嗎？“在還來得及的時候卻得為到培養(yǎng)。你也許很可能有著與生俱來的成為詩人、音樂家或天文學家的潛能，但卻不可能被喚醒了。完善自我的自由是一

22、種讓每個人把自己的能力發(fā)展到最高水平的機會。在美國我們?yōu)槭裁磿_始失去這一自由呢？如何為我國的青年人重新獲得這一自由呢？它之所以開始從我們身邊悄然離去，我認為是由于以下三種誤解所導(dǎo)致的。首先是對民主的誤解。在費城、一所名牌中學的校長被迫大聲疾呼，號召人們反對一種觀點，即認為給尖子生吃小灶是不民主的。再如，當孟菲斯的一所教學質(zhì)量好的私立學校在不久前停辦時，一些有頭腦的市民力主將其納入公立學校系統(tǒng)，專門用來培養(yǎng)尖子人才。他們主張要設(shè)入學條件

23、并為有興趣、有能力的學生提供高級研修課程。然而這項建議竟遭反對，理由是這樣做不民主！據(jù)此，課程均被定位在中等難度。尖子生未受到挑戰(zhàn)，情緒低落，差生也能及格。沒有為優(yōu)等生開設(shè)的培優(yōu)課程，沒有每位男女生都必須達到的標準反而帶來了民主。其次是對幸福的誤解。我們當今文化的取向明白無誤地直指安逸和物質(zhì)享受，更少的日工作小時和周工作日，干得更少，拿得更多，更多的滑頭的借口，更少實實在在的要求。反映到我們的學校里，便是精神病醫(yī)生取代了教鞭。以前用教鞭

24、當然有不妥的時候，如今的精神病醫(yī)生也功不可沒。但趁勢是顯而易見的。Ｔｏｕｒｃｏｍｐｒｅｎｄｃ’ｅｓｔｐａｒｄｏｎｅｒ（原諒了一切才理解了一切。）我們真的相信較松的標準能帶來幸福嗎？象某些教育專家建議的，用玩娃娃取代難學的古典文學和數(shù)學。這難道是我們經(jīng)過深思熟慮作出的判斷嗎？無怪乎黎巴嫩駐聯(lián)合國代表查爾斯馬立克會這樣寫道：“在西方（美國）普遍存在著道德滑坡。（我們的）領(lǐng)導(dǎo)似乎無從應(yīng)付史無前例的時代的挑戰(zhàn)?！弊詈笫菍r值觀的誤解。這里僅舉幾