翻譯學(xué)基本概念

1、1翻譯學(xué)基本用語翻譯學(xué)基本用語源語譯出語sourcelanguage(SL)iginallanguage譯語譯入語targetlanguage(TL)receptlanguagereceivinglanguage原作者SLauthiginalauth譯者(筆譯者)translat譯者(口譯者)interpreter讀者接受者readerreceptaudience文本text原文原著sourcetext(ST)SLtextiginalt

2、extiginalversioniginalwk譯文targettexttranslationtargetversionrenderingrendition譯本譯著translatedtexttranslationalwk源語讀者sourcelanguagereaderSLreader源語文化sourcelanguageculturesourceculture譯語讀者targetlanguagereaderTLreaderreceivi

3、ngaudience譯語文化targetlanguageculturetargetculturereceivingculture語境context筆譯writtentranslation口譯alinterpretationaltranslationinterpreting同聲傳譯simultaneousinterpreting交替口譯consecutiveinterpreting翻譯原則translationprinciple標(biāo)準(zhǔn)tra

4、nslationcriterion(復(fù)數(shù)形式為criteria)翻譯過程translationprocess翻譯程序步驟translationprocedures反應(yīng)讀者翻譯responsereader’sresponse對(duì)應(yīng)(部分對(duì)應(yīng)完全對(duì)應(yīng))(partialfull)crespondence等值對(duì)等equivalence對(duì)等物(詞語)equivalent形式對(duì)等fmalequivalence功能對(duì)等functionalequival

5、ence動(dòng)態(tài)對(duì)等dynamicequivalence等效equivalenteffect充分性adequacy可接受性acceptability(acceptableunacceptableunacceptability)可讀性readability(readable)可譯性translatability(translatable)不可譯性u(píng)ntranslatability(untranslatable)表層結(jié)構(gòu)surfacestruc

6、ture深層結(jié)構(gòu)deepstructure理解understingcomprehension表達(dá)expression再現(xiàn)reproductionrepresentation轉(zhuǎn)換transfmation3回譯backtranslation還原法findingtheiginal原汁原味essenceoftheiginaliginalflav詞序調(diào)整inversion選詞diction補(bǔ)償compensation視點(diǎn)轉(zhuǎn)換shiftofpers

7、pective套譯仿譯仿擬imitation信忠實(shí)faithfulnessfidelity達(dá)易懂intelligibilityexpressiveness通順smoothness流暢fluency自然naturalnessidiomaticity雅優(yōu)美elegancegracefulness簡(jiǎn)潔brevity明析clarity簡(jiǎn)明conciseness內(nèi)涵connotation含義implication言外之意allocution本文意

8、義(文本固有之意)inherentmeaning(ofthetext)譯者隱形translat’sinvisibility透明(度)transparency寧信而不順(魯迅語)rahtertobefaithfulthansmooth(“I’dratherbefaithfulthansmooth”)神似(傅雷語)spiritualresemblance化境(錢鐘書語)sublimation信、達(dá)、切(劉重德語)faithfulnessex

9、pressivenesscloseness(totheiginalstyle)三美:音美形美意美(許淵沖語)thethreebeauties:beautyinsoundbeautyinfmbeautyinmeaning東方語言ientallanguages西方語言O(shè)ccidentallanguages佛經(jīng)Buddhisturessutra梵語Sanskrit鳩摩羅什Kumarajiva泰特勒(AlexerFraser)Tytler奈達(dá)(

10、EugeneA.)Nida機(jī)器翻譯machinetranslation(MT)人工智能artificialintelligence(AI)翻譯translaterenderrephraserewdtransmitreexpresstransmutetransmogrifyinterpretconverttransfmtransposeexpresstransferturn翻譯學(xué)translatologyTranslationStudie