2011職稱英語(yǔ)9篇

1、WldCrudeOilProductionMayPeakaDecadeEarlierThanSomePredictInafindingthatmayspeedefftstoconserveoilscientistsinKuwaitpredictthatwldconventionalcrudeoilproductionwillpeakin2014Thispredictionisalmostadecadeearlierthansomeoth

2、erpredictionsTheirstudyisinACS’Energy＆Fuels。IbrahimNashawicolleaguespointoutthatrapidgrowthinglobaloilconsumptionhassparkedagrowinginterestinpredicting“peakoil”“Peakoil”isthepointwhereoilproductionreachesamaximumthendecl

3、inesScientistshavedevelopedseveralmodelstofecastthispoint，someputthedateat2020laterOneofthemostfamousfecastmodelsiscalledtheHubbertmodelItassumesthatglobaloilproductionwillfollowabellshapedcurve。Arelatedconceptisthatof“P

4、eakOil“.Theterm“PeakOil“indicatesthemomentinwhichwldwideproductionwillpeak，afterwardstostartonirreversibledeclineTheHubbertmodelaccuratelypredictedthatoilproductionwouldpeakintheUnitedStatesin1970Themodelhassincegainedin

5、popularityhasbeenusedtofecastoilproductionwldwideHowever，recentstudiesshowthatthemodelisinsufficienttoaccountf。mecomplexoilproductioncyclesofsomecountriesThosecyclescanbeheavilyinfluencedbytechnologychanges，politics，othe

6、rfacts，thescientistssayThenewstudydescribesdevelopmentofanewversionoftheHubbertmodelthatprovidesamerealisticaccurateoilproductionfecastUsingthenewmodel，thescientistsevaluatedtheoilproductiontrendsof47majoil—producingcoun

7、tries，whichsupplymostofthewldsconventionalcrudeoilTheyestimatedthatwldwideconventionalcrudeoilproductionwillpeakin2014，yearsearlierthananticipatedThescientistsalsoshowedthatthewldsoilreservesarebeingreducedatarateof2.1pe

8、rcentayearThenewmodelcouldhelpinfmenergy—relateddecisionspublicpolicydebate，theysuggest詞匯：conservev.保護(hù)，保存irreversibleadj.不可逆的，不可改變的crudeoil原油sparkv.閃耀激發(fā)鼓舞insufficient不充分的，不足的curven.曲線注釋：1.ACS’Energy&Fuels：ACS是AmericanChe

9、micalSociety(美國(guó)化學(xué)學(xué)會(huì))的縮寫。該學(xué)會(huì)成立于1876年，現(xiàn)已成為世界最大的科技協(xié)會(huì)。多年來，ACS一直致力于為全球化學(xué)研究機(jī)構(gòu)、企業(yè)及個(gè)人提供高品質(zhì)的文獻(xiàn)資訊及服務(wù)。ACS出版的期刊有34種，這些期刊在化學(xué)領(lǐng)域中是被引用次數(shù)最多的化學(xué)期刊，Energy&Fuels即是其中一本。2.theHubbertmodel：赫伯特模型是美國(guó)地質(zhì)學(xué)家M.KingHubbert于1956年創(chuàng)建的，這是一個(gè)隨時(shí)間增長(zhǎng)的模型，Hubbert

10、將其引入油氣田開發(fā)，經(jīng)推導(dǎo)使其成為一個(gè)可以預(yù)測(cè)油氣田累積產(chǎn)量、瞬時(shí)產(chǎn)量、年產(chǎn)量和可采儲(chǔ)量等多項(xiàng)開發(fā)指標(biāo)的多功能預(yù)測(cè)模型。3.abellshapedcurve：鐘形曲線4.thatofpeakoil：that指代concept。5.accountf：說明，解釋6.conventionalcrudeoil：常規(guī)原油7.oilreserves：石油儲(chǔ)量。通常使用復(fù)數(shù)形式reserves練習(xí)：1Whichofthefollowingisclos

11、estinmeaningtothewd“sparked”appearinginparagraph2伊布赫姆納夏威和同事們指出，全球石油消耗的快速增長(zhǎng)使人們對(duì)“石油峰值”預(yù)測(cè)的興趣越來越濃?！笆头逯怠敝傅氖鞘彤a(chǎn)量達(dá)到最大值然后開始下降的時(shí)間點(diǎn)?？茖W(xué)家已經(jīng)構(gòu)建了幾個(gè)模型來預(yù)測(cè)這一時(shí)間，有些模型認(rèn)為這一時(shí)間在2020年或更晚。其中最著名的預(yù)測(cè)模型之一是赫伯特模型。赫伯特模型認(rèn)為世界石油產(chǎn)量呈鐘型曲線，與此相關(guān)的概念是“石油峰值”。這一術(shù)語(yǔ)

12、指的是世界石油產(chǎn)量達(dá)到峰值的那一刻，之后將呈現(xiàn)無(wú)法逆轉(zhuǎn)的下降趨勢(shì)。赫伯特模型精確地預(yù)測(cè)到美國(guó)石油產(chǎn)量于1970年達(dá)到峰值。這一模型從此受到歡迎，已經(jīng)用于預(yù)測(cè)世界石油生產(chǎn)。但是，最近研究表明，這一模型不足以解釋某些國(guó)家更加復(fù)雜的石油生產(chǎn)周期。科學(xué)家稱，這些生產(chǎn)周期受到技術(shù)變化、政策和其他因素的很大影響。最新研究描述了赫伯特模型的新版本，提供了更加實(shí)際、更加準(zhǔn)確的石油生產(chǎn)預(yù)測(cè)?？茖W(xué)家使用新模型評(píng)估了47個(gè)主要產(chǎn)油國(guó)家的石油生產(chǎn)趨勢(shì)，這47個(gè)

13、國(guó)家是世界常規(guī)原油的主要提供者?？茖W(xué)家預(yù)計(jì)全球常規(guī)原油產(chǎn)量將于2014年達(dá)到峰值，比之前預(yù)計(jì)的要早很多年?？茖W(xué)家還指出，世界石油儲(chǔ)量正在以21％的速度逐年減少，他們認(rèn)為新模型會(huì)幫助做出與能源相關(guān)的決定，幫助進(jìn)行國(guó)家政策辯論。WeavingwithLightIntheSierraMadremountainrangeofwestcentralMexico，thenativeHuicholpeoplelivemuchthewaytheiran

14、cestsdidwithoutelectricityThatsbecauseitstooexpensivetostringpowerlinestotheremotemountainareaswheretheyliveTohelpsupptthemselves，theHuicholcreatebeautifulartwkTheyselltheirartincitieshundredsofmilesawayfromtheirvillages

15、withoutelectricityathomeontheroad，theycanonlywkduringdaylighthoursWhenitgetsdark，theymuststopwhatevertheyredoingNow，ateamofscientists，designers，architectsisusingnewtechnologiestoprovidetheHuicholwithlightafterthesunsetsT

16、hescientiststechniqueinvolvesweavingtinyelectroniccrystalsintofabricsthatcanbemadeintoclothes，bags，otheritemsBycollectingthesun’senergyduringtheday，theselightweightfabricsprovidebrightwhitelightatnightTheirinventshavenam

17、edthefabrics“PtableLights“PtableLightshavethepotentialtotransfmthelivesofpeoplewithoutelectricityaroundthewld，saysprojectleaderSheilaKennedy“Ourinvention，”Kennedysays，“camefromseeinghowwecouldtransfmtechnologywesaweveryd

18、ayintheUnitedStatesmoveitintonewmarketsfpeoplewhodidnthavealotofmoney“AttheceofPtableLighttechnologyaredevicescalledhighbrightnesslightemittingdiodes，HBLEDs.Thesetinylightsappearindigitalclocks，televisions，streetlightsLE

19、DsarecompletelydifferentfromthelightbulbsMostofthoseglassbulbsbelongtoatypecalledincescentlightsInside，electricityheatsametalcoiltoabout2，200degreesCelsiusAtthattemperature，bulbsgiveofflightwecanseeNiypercentofenergyprod

20、ucedbyincescentlights，however，isheat——invisible.Withallthatwastedenergy，bulbsbumoutquicklyTheyarealsoeasilybrokenLEDsontheotherh，areliketinypiecesofrockmadeupofmoleculesthatarearrangedinacrystalstructureWhenanelectriccur