預(yù)算在高等教育中遇到的困難一個(gè)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的講話[文獻(xiàn)翻譯]

1、原文：原文：BudgetWoesinHigherEducation:ACallfLeadershipABloombergnewsarticlenotedthat30stateshaveproposed$5.5billioninhighereducationcutsincluding$1.5billionthathavealreadyoccurred.Atleast10statesareconsideringdoubledigitincr

2、easesintuitionattheirpublicuniversities.Therisingtuitioncostscouldmeanthatasmanyas110000ofthe2.8millionstudentsslatedtograduatefromhighschoolthisspringmaynotbeabletoaffdtoattendstatecollegesuniversitiesnextfall(Ziegler20

3、02).PrivatecollegesarefeelingthepaintoowithhighertuitionreducedmoniesfscholarshipsThefinancialproblemsfacedbyacademicdepartmentsdonotappearshtterminnature(Jones2003Selingo2003).RayScheppachrespectedeconomistveteranexecut

4、ivedirectoftheNationalGovernsAssociationstatedthatwithoutmajsystemcrectionsinstatefundingmechanismsitisquitelikelythatthe$40billionwthofbudgetdeficitsthestatelegislaturesnowfacemaybethebeginningof“perpetualfiscalcrisisfs

5、tategovernments(Pierce2002).FindingsAmongthe97participantswhorespondedtothesurveythemajityreptedtheiracademicunitshadexperiencedbudgetcutswithholdingsinthepast24months.Ofthetotalgrouptwothirds(67%)reptedtheyhadexperience

6、dbudgetreductionstheirresponsescomprisetheanswerstothespecificquestionsonhowbudgetreductionswereaddressed.Theotheronethirdoftheparticipantsalsocompletedthebackgroundinfmationthatiscitedintheabovesection.BudgetReductionsA

7、ddressedWithregardtohowthedepartmentsaddressedtheirbudgetreductionsparticipantsrespondedtothreecategiesofitemspersonnelfinancialcurriculum.Theywereaskedtoidentifytheprimarywaystheydealtwithdepartmentbudgetreductionstoche

8、ckallitemsthatappliedineachcategy.ThemostcommonresponsestrategyusedrelatedtopersonnelmatterswastonotfillopenpositionswithalmosttwothirdsofthedepartmentchairscitingthisasaTheprimaryactionstakencampuswideweremuchlikethoset

9、hatthedepartmentchairsreptedftheirdepartments.Thechairswrittencommentsindicatedtheyhadnotreplacedvacantpositions(22%)cutexpenseoperationalbudgets(16%)raisedtuitionfees(4%)reducedtravel(9%)hiredfeweradjunctsusedthemmeofte

10、n(6%)eliminatedprogramsincreasedclasssize(7%).Thethemeswereverysimilartothosenotedabovesotheyarenotrepeated.Howeverthreeadditionalthemesemerged:FreezingcuttingsalariesCreatingearlyretirementprogramsfocusingonenrollmentin

11、creases.ChairsInputtoBudgetAdjustmentsAnotherquestionthechairsaddressedrelatedtothediscretiontheyhadindetermininghowtohlebudgetreductions.Ingeneralwhenlookingatthemultipleresponseitemsalmostonehalf(45%)reptedthatthoseabo

12、vethemmadethedecisionsfthedepartmentsintheganization.Anotherquarter(24%)wasallowedcompletediscretionthesamepercentagereptedthattheywereallowedmajinputtothedecisions.Lastlyasmallnumberrepteddepartmentdiscussionsvotethatwa

13、spassedontothosemakingthefinaldecisions(7%).Inassessingthecommentschairsprovidedwhentheywereaskedtoelabateonthedepartmentsrolesindecisionmakingmanycitedfrustrationwiththebudgetconditions.Mostexpressedthedesiretobemeinvol

14、vedinmakingdecisionsalthoughasizeablenumberofthecommentsindicatedquiteabitofleewayinmakinglocaldecisions.Amongthewrittencommentsfourgeneralthemesemerged.Allowedtomakedecisionsatdepartmentallevel(12)Verylittleminimalinput

15、allowedinfinaldecisions(10)Deansvicepresidentsmadethedecisionseventhoughchairsmighthavehadinput(9)Chairsallowedinputvotethroughdiscussionsfacultyrepresentation(9).OverallScopeofBudgetReductionsAcademicdepartmentchairswer