物流工程外文翻譯---物流推動(dòng)世界運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)

1、<p>　　本科生畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）外文翻譯</p><p>　　畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）題目：</p><p>　　基于供應(yīng)鏈管理的達(dá)方電子公司的采購(gòu)管理研究 </p><p>　　外文題目： Logistics Make the World Go Round </p><p>　　譯文題目： 物流推動(dòng)世界運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn) </p>

2、<p>　　學(xué) 生 姓 名： 高穎 </p><p>　　專(zhuān) 業(yè)： 物流工程 </p><p>　　指導(dǎo)教師姓名： 徐方超 </p><p>　　評(píng) 閱 日 期： <

3、;/p><p>　　Logistics Make the World Go Round</p><p>　　During a panel discussion titled, "Logistics: Bridge to Global Prosperity," at the June 8-9 Wharton Global Forum in Istanbul, moderato

4、r George Day described logistics as "the connective tissue that makes the global economy work." Logistics, he said, can be "a huge source of competitive advantage and help expand and launch new business mo

5、dels." Combined with information technology, he added, logistics can "dramatically extend the geographic reach of both large and small organizations." To explore</p><p>　　"Logistics is mo

6、ving the right product in the right quantities to the right place at the right time," stated Day, a Wharton marketing professor who has studied performance-based logistics in such companies as Cisco Systems and Gene

7、ral Electric. "The really good supply chains have significantly lower costs, lower inventory and better customer service. Consider Cisco. Its after-sales service group is a $4 billion business and delivers 720,000 s

8、pare parts to the company's various manufacturing faci</p><p>　　Eight Trends in Logistics</p><p>　　Panelist Michel Akavi told the audience that when he asked a conference organizer where the

9、 panel was taking place, she replied that people would be "arriving a little late and a bit slowly. I said, 'Great. They need a logistics session to wake them up.'"</p><p>　　Akavi provided

10、that wake-up call with a discussion of what he sees as eight trends that currently affect logistics. The first is the "explosion" of global trade and global production due to the "the toppling of the old p

11、olitical order, especially the fall of communism. In addition, customs barriers have fallen, especially in Europe, and there is greater trade between the continent's eastern and western parts. Akavi also cited NAFTA

12、(North America Free Trade Agreement), MERCOSUR (the South Americ</p><p>　　Look at the Internet, he noted. Being a door-to-door document delivery company, "we were scared of the Internet. But fortunately

13、, documents still need to be signed, sealed and stamped ... .We hope Turkey will not adopt the bad habit of electronic signatures when it joins the EU," he said with a smile, adding that "goods do not travel el

14、ectronically, thank goodness." The more people use the Internet, the more business there is, the heavier the packages are and the greater the need for letters to </p><p>　　The second trend is the transi

15、tion to a post-industrial society, Akavi said. "We have a stagnating population in western countries; the average age is increasing, more money is spent on communication and health, and less is spent on mass produce

16、d products. The trend is to more individual transient niche goods combined with services." That means a greater variety of goods needs to be transported, in more specialized ways, directly to users/consumers. "

17、So the logistics industry must specialize in </p><p>　　The third trend is that we now live in an "on-demand world, Akavi said. "We are a time-is-money society. We are moving to time-based competiti

18、on. Speed is almost more important than a cheap price. You see that in micro electronics, with chips and game consuls. With PCs and phones, the term used is 'agility' -- the ability to get to the market first. De

19、mand is changing the logistics world."</p><p>　　The fourth trend is a growing environmental sensibility. People now ask: "How can we transport less, more efficiently, and how can we do more recycli

20、ng," Akavi said. "In Europe, we see that the trucks on highways are getting more restricted. Austria is banning some truck traffic on weekends. Rails are being used more often to transport goods because less en

21、ergy is used. There is also more concern about noisy planes. We had to change our fleet in Brussels to quieter planes, and we are moving the </p><p>　　The fifth trend is the "rediscovery of structural p

22、rocess organization," based on greater efficiency and better organization, and the sixth trend is the "deregulation and privatization of public services in communication and transport. We are a good example,&qu

23、ot; said Akavi. Deutsche Post, which owns DHL, "used to be a sleepy inefficient postal system for Germany. After it was privatized and modernized, it started to become profitable. Then it wondered what it should do;

24、 it couldn't just sell stamps</p><p>　　The seventh trend is an orientation toward shareholder value. "Logistics is moving to focus on core competencies. We have seen companies divest so they can con

25、centrate on their core business. There is more outsourcing of the transport function," which helps third party providers like DHL expand and also fuels the growth of specialized transport logistics companies. </p

26、><p>　　The eighth and last trend, according to Akavi, is newer communications technologies. "With the Internet, you can find out where your shipment is and contact your call center if the package is stuck.

27、 But now, you can also use mobile phones [to do that]. Tracking and tracing is becoming more available. Our company can trace all shipments automatically and detect those that are stuck before the client realizes the shi

28、pment hasn't arrived." The RFID -- radio frequency identification tags -- technolo</p><p>　　Singapore's Example</p><p>　　Mirzan bin Mahathir, who described his Kuala Lumpur-based co

29、mpany, Konsortium Loistiks Berhad, as split into logistics components and logistics solutions, echoed Akavi's comment that companies are outsourcing their logistics more and more in order to concentrate on core compe

30、tencies. He went on to note that "the bridge to global prosperity has two levels," the country level and the company level.</p><p>　　On the country level, "nations must develop their logistics

31、 infrastructure in order to compete. It's not enough to attract manufacturing if you can't get manufactured good to the market in an efficient way," he said. Infrastructure includes building ports, airports,

32、 roads and bridges to move, not just goods, but people. Airports are especially critical: "In the Middle East everyone is realizing that airports are a vital piece of infrastructure" and many of them are being

33、built, some close togeth</p><p>　　"But the hardware itself is not enough. Physical infrastructure doesn't help if it is not going to be used effectively," Mirzan noted. Three things are needed:

34、 information technology, efficient physical movement and a reliable financial system. "In developing countries, these three things need to go hand in hand. In a few places this has happened, like Singapore. And it i

35、s improving in some of the other countries as well." </p><p>　　In the logistics business, Mirzan added, goods need to be sent as directly as possible to the market, and they need to reach their destinat

36、ion on time. Yet various government obstacles can hinder that process, including excess paper work, burdensome inspections, and corruption. "If the leadership in any country were to look at logistics and see its rol

37、e in bringing prosperity to its people, they would have to address these areas." Some countries get it, Mirzan said; others don't. </p><p>　　From the company standpoint, he added, some are starting

38、to look at themselves as logistics companies even when they are producing actual goods; it is a competitive advantage. Dell, he suggested, "is actually a logistics company that happens to be in the business of compu

39、ters. They are very efficient at doing what they do, but it is mainly logistics."</p><p>　　Software Solutions</p><p>　　Panelist Yavuz Cizmeci, chairman of ACT Airlines, reminded the audienc

40、e that Istanbul has historically been a logistical crossroads for commerce and trade, and that Turkey itself is poised to be a logistics center of the future. The trend now, he said, is for many big companies to open bra

41、nches in Turkey or buy companies already there, ready to take advantage of the country's increasing trade, and its sea, truck, railway and aircraft transportation options. Spending on logistics, he said, should</p

42、><p>　　During a question and answer session, Akavi was asked how his company uses software solutions to optimize its logistics, such as truck loads. "Software is not logistics' core business," he

43、said. "While there is still a lot of software development happening in house, we are working more and more with software developers to find solutions... . About 6% to 7% of our revenue is spent on IT and an increasi

44、ng amount of it is outsourced."</p><p>　　Another audience member noted that he had always perceived the logistics field as having ease of entry, as long as a company can move something from point A to p

45、oint B. But with improvements in technology and with more mergers among existing companies -- and with small-sized companies still having an advantage in small communities -- are the mid-sized companies being squeezed ou

46、t, or are there still opportunities for mid-sized companies to grow?</p><p>　　"There is definitely room for small, medium and large companies," Akavi said. "We have become large but we offer i

47、ntegrated solutions. Some customers, however, need only a point A to point B transport. Sometimes a smaller size gives more flexibility and can offer better prices. If you don't need a huge network like we have, then

48、 there is a market for medium-sized companies."</p><p>　　Cizmeci offered his own perspective: "I am a small company. But it doesn't matter what size you are as long as you do the job well and a

49、t the right price. As technology gets more and more complicated, life gets more and more complicated, and the big logistics companies cannot really [handle] this well. They need small, clever, cost-effective partners.&qu

50、ot; </p><p><b>　　物流推動(dòng)世界運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)</b></p><p>　　6月8日至9日，沃頓全球校友論壇在伊斯坦布爾開(kāi)幕。在題為“物流：架起通往全球繁榮的橋梁”的專(zhuān)題座談會(huì)中，主持人喬治·戴（George Day）將物流稱為“推動(dòng)全球經(jīng)濟(jì)運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)的連結(jié)組織?！彼f(shuō)物流可以成為“巨大的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)優(yōu)勢(shì)并幫助拓展和建立新的商業(yè)模式?！彼€說(shuō)，物流與信息技術(shù)一起可

51、以“極大地拓展大中小型企業(yè)跨越的地域范圍?！蔽诸D營(yíng)銷(xiāo)學(xué)教授戴與敦豪國(guó)際速遞公司中東地區(qū)CEO米歇爾·阿卡維（Michel Akavi）、馬來(lái)西亞的康瑟德物流公司（Konsortium Logistiks Berhad）執(zhí)行董事長(zhǎng)兼總裁米爾占·賓·馬哈蒂爾（Mirzan bin Mahathir）、土耳其ACT Airlines董事長(zhǎng)雅吾茲·希茲麥奇（Yavuz Cizmeci）在座談會(huì)上對(duì)物流發(fā)揮

52、出空前強(qiáng)大的作用進(jìn)行了詮釋。</p><p>　　戴是沃頓商學(xué)院的營(yíng)銷(xiāo)學(xué)教授，并對(duì)思科系統(tǒng)公司（Cisco Systems）和通用電氣（General Electric）等企業(yè)基于績(jī)效的物流系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行了研究。他指出，“所謂物流就是將正確的產(chǎn)品以正確的數(shù)量在合適的時(shí)候運(yùn)達(dá)合適的地點(diǎn)。真正完善的供應(yīng)鏈無(wú)論是成本還是庫(kù)存水平都相當(dāng)?shù)?，同時(shí)還提供良好的客戶服務(wù)。以思科為例，其售后服務(wù)集團(tuán)的業(yè)務(wù)價(jià)值40億美元，同時(shí)將72萬(wàn)個(gè)

53、備用零件運(yùn)送至公司的各個(gè)生產(chǎn)基地。物流服務(wù)的要素包括客戶、現(xiàn)場(chǎng)工程師、執(zhí)行部門(mén)、分銷(xiāo)部門(mén)和物資修繕中心。物流管理的效率越高，系統(tǒng)中存在的不確定性就越小。”</p><p>　　物流行業(yè)的八大發(fā)展趨勢(shì)</p><p>　　專(zhuān)家小組成員米歇爾·阿卡維告訴與會(huì)觀眾，當(dāng)他向一名大會(huì)組辦人員詢問(wèn)專(zhuān)題座談會(huì)的地點(diǎn)時(shí)，這位女士回答說(shuō)其他人“可能要遲一會(huì)兒才到。于是我說(shuō)，他們?nèi)绻麉⒓游锪髦黝}會(huì)議

54、就肯定能醒過(guò)來(lái)’”。阿卡維提供的叫醒服務(wù)就是探討他認(rèn)為目前影響物流行業(yè)發(fā)展的八大趨勢(shì)。</p><p>　　第一個(gè)趨勢(shì)是“舊政治制度顛覆，”，引發(fā)全球貿(mào)易與全球生產(chǎn)“激增”。此外，海關(guān)障礙的拆除（在歐洲尤為明顯）促進(jìn)了歐洲大陸東西部地區(qū)的貿(mào)易往來(lái)。阿卡維還指出NAFTA（北美自由貿(mào)易協(xié)定）、MERCOSUR（南美自由貿(mào)易公約）、世界貿(mào)易組織和GATT（關(guān)稅貿(mào)易總協(xié)定）等創(chuàng)造出“一波國(guó)際貿(mào)易浪潮。國(guó)際貿(mào)易往來(lái)越頻繁

55、，對(duì)物流的需求就越大”。</p><p>　　以互聯(lián)網(wǎng)為例。作為一家提供門(mén)對(duì)門(mén)文件速遞服務(wù)的公司，“互聯(lián)網(wǎng)讓我們感到害怕。但幸運(yùn)的是，文件仍舊需要簽署、蓋章和郵寄……我們希望土耳其加入歐盟的時(shí)候不要沾上使用電子簽名的壞習(xí)慣，”他微笑著說(shuō)，還補(bǔ)充指出“謝天謝地的是貨物不能通過(guò)電子方式進(jìn)行運(yùn)輸。”使用互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的人越多，速遞業(yè)務(wù)就越多，郵寄包裹就越重，信函在全球寄送的需求就越大。</p><p>

56、　　第二大趨勢(shì)是向后工業(yè)社會(huì)轉(zhuǎn)化。阿卡維說(shuō)，“西方國(guó)家的人口不見(jiàn)增長(zhǎng)；人口的平均壽命在增加，人們花更多的錢(qián)用于通信與健康，但在大批量生產(chǎn)產(chǎn)品的支出上卻有所減少。眼下受到青睞的是流行性強(qiáng)的個(gè)性化商品及服務(wù)?！边@就意味著以更加專(zhuān)業(yè)的方法將種類(lèi)更繁多的商品直接送達(dá)用戶或者消費(fèi)者?！八晕锪餍袠I(yè)必須擅長(zhǎng)于服務(wù)細(xì)分市場(chǎng)，譬如紡織業(yè)，因?yàn)榧徔椘髽I(yè)需要對(duì)時(shí)尚潮流做出迅速反應(yīng)。他們不能在統(tǒng)一的時(shí)間和地點(diǎn)生產(chǎn)出上百萬(wàn)件產(chǎn)品，而是必須跟隨潮流迅速組織生產(chǎn)”

57、，而且常常是在全球不同的地點(diǎn)進(jìn)行生產(chǎn)。</p><p>　　第三大趨勢(shì)是今天的社會(huì)講究的是“隨需應(yīng)變”，阿卡維說(shuō)?！皶r(shí)間就是金錢(qián)。時(shí)間與能否在競(jìng)爭(zhēng)中獲勝關(guān)系密切。速度甚至比低廉的價(jià)格更加重要。譬如在以芯片、游戲機(jī)、電腦、電話為代表的微電子行業(yè)，常用的術(shù)語(yǔ)是‘應(yīng)變能力’，即迅速在市場(chǎng)上推出產(chǎn)品的能力。需求正在改變著整個(gè)物流行業(yè)”。</p><p>　　第四大趨勢(shì)是對(duì)環(huán)境的關(guān)注程度日益增加。人

58、們現(xiàn)在關(guān)心的問(wèn)題是：“如何才能以更精簡(jiǎn)的交通和更高的效率進(jìn)行物流運(yùn)輸？如何才能進(jìn)行更多的廢物回收？”阿卡維說(shuō)。“歐洲對(duì)在公路上行駛的卡車(chē)限制越來(lái)越嚴(yán)格。奧地利在周末禁止部分卡車(chē)通行。由于能耗少，現(xiàn)在鐵路運(yùn)輸更加普遍。出于對(duì)飛機(jī)噪音的擔(dān)心，我們?cè)诓剪斎麪柌坏貌桓挠迷胍舾偷呢洐C(jī)，同時(shí)將布魯塞爾的機(jī)場(chǎng)搬遷到人口較少的德國(guó)萊比錫。對(duì)環(huán)境的關(guān)注正在發(fā)展成為物流行業(yè)的主流?！?lt;/p><p>　　第五大趨勢(shì)是“結(jié)構(gòu)流程組織

59、的再發(fā)現(xiàn)”，這個(gè)概念主要基于提高效率和改善組織。第六大趨勢(shì)是通信與運(yùn)輸行業(yè)公共服務(wù)的“監(jiān)管解除和實(shí)現(xiàn)私有化。我們公司就是個(gè)很好的例子，”阿卡維說(shuō)。全資擁有敦豪國(guó)際速遞公司的德國(guó)郵政集團(tuán)（Deutsche Post）過(guò)去也是死氣沉沉、效率低下的德國(guó)國(guó)有郵政系統(tǒng)。在實(shí)施私有化和現(xiàn)代化改革后，德國(guó)郵政就開(kāi)始盈利。接下來(lái)它開(kāi)始考慮未來(lái)應(yīng)該何去何從；它不能一直都只賣(mài)郵票。于是開(kāi)始從提供單純的郵政服務(wù)向一體化的物流與運(yùn)輸公司發(fā)展。</p>

60、;<p>　　第七大趨勢(shì)是以股東價(jià)值為導(dǎo)向?！拔锪餍袠I(yè)越來(lái)越注重核心競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力。有些企業(yè)采取剝離部分業(yè)務(wù)的方法來(lái)集中開(kāi)展核心業(yè)務(wù)。將運(yùn)輸業(yè)務(wù)外包日益流行，”這推動(dòng)著敦豪國(guó)際速遞等第三方供應(yīng)商迅速拓展，同時(shí)也促進(jìn)了專(zhuān)業(yè)化運(yùn)輸物流企業(yè)的增長(zhǎng)。</p><p>　　第八大也是最后一大趨勢(shì)是通信技術(shù)更加先進(jìn)?！拔覀兛梢酝ㄟ^(guò)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)查詢貨物的地點(diǎn)所在。假如運(yùn)輸受阻可以立刻與服務(wù)中心聯(lián)絡(luò)。但現(xiàn)在通過(guò)手機(jī)就可以[查詢和

61、聯(lián)絡(luò)]。追蹤和查詢變得更加方便。我們公司可以自動(dòng)追蹤所有的運(yùn)輸貨物，并且在客戶發(fā)現(xiàn)貨物尚未抵達(dá)之前查出運(yùn)輸受阻。”RFID（無(wú)線射頻識(shí)別標(biāo)簽）技術(shù)“對(duì)物流行業(yè)意義相當(dāng)重大。如果沒(méi)有RFID，要在我們巨大的倉(cāng)庫(kù)中找出客戶的貨物無(wú)異于大海撈針。這種【技術(shù)】未來(lái)數(shù)年將產(chǎn)生重大影響”。</p><p><b>　　新加坡的例子</b></p><p>　　米爾占·賓

62、·馬哈蒂爾稱自己在吉隆坡的康瑟德物流公司的業(yè)務(wù)就分為各個(gè)物流運(yùn)輸環(huán)節(jié)與物流解決方案兩塊。這種做法響應(yīng)了阿卡維的觀點(diǎn)，即企業(yè)為保持核心競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力正在將越來(lái)越多的物流運(yùn)輸業(yè)務(wù)外包。他還指出“通向全球繁榮的橋梁分為兩個(gè)層面”，即國(guó)家層面與公司層面。</p><p>　　就國(guó)家層面而言，“為保持競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力國(guó)家必須開(kāi)發(fā)本國(guó)的物流基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施。假如無(wú)法高效將制成的產(chǎn)品運(yùn)往市場(chǎng)就無(wú)法吸引制造廠商?！蔽镔|(zhì)基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施包括修建進(jìn)客貨運(yùn)港

63、口、機(jī)場(chǎng)、道路與橋梁。其中機(jī)場(chǎng)尤為重要：“在中東地區(qū)，大家都知道機(jī)場(chǎng)是基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施中至關(guān)重要的組成部分”，所以當(dāng)?shù)匦藿嗽S多機(jī)場(chǎng)，有些機(jī)場(chǎng)之間的距離還非常近。 </p><p>　　米爾占指出，“但僅有硬件還不夠。假如使用效率不高，這些物質(zhì)基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施也無(wú)法發(fā)揮作用?！毙畔⒓夹g(shù)、高效的流動(dòng)與可靠的金融系統(tǒng)等三方面非常重要?！皩?duì)于發(fā)展中國(guó)家而言，這三方面需要齊頭并進(jìn)地發(fā)展。新加坡等國(guó)家已經(jīng)實(shí)現(xiàn)了這三點(diǎn)，其他有些國(guó)

64、家也正在大力改善?！?lt;/p><p>　　米爾占還說(shuō)，物流公司應(yīng)該盡可能直接將貨物運(yùn)往市場(chǎng)，而且必須準(zhǔn)時(shí)送達(dá)。但名目繁多的文件、各種冗長(zhǎng)的檢查和貪污腐敗等官方因素可能會(huì)阻礙整個(gè)運(yùn)輸流程。“任何一個(gè)國(guó)家的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)階層如果意識(shí)到物流行業(yè)對(duì)于幫助人民實(shí)現(xiàn)繁榮富強(qiáng)的重要作用，他們就會(huì)著力解決這些問(wèn)題?！爆F(xiàn)在有些國(guó)家已經(jīng)意識(shí)到問(wèn)題所在，有些還沒(méi)有。</p><p>　　從公司的角度講，有些公司雖然也生產(chǎn)

65、實(shí)物產(chǎn)品，但他們將自己定位為物流企業(yè)；這可以稱為競(jìng)爭(zhēng)優(yōu)勢(shì)。譬如戴爾（Dell），“它其實(shí)是家物流公司，不過(guò)恰好從事電腦行業(yè)而已。他們的電腦業(yè)務(wù)效率很高，但它基本上還是家物流公司”。</p><p><b>　　軟件解決方案</b></p><p>　　ACT航空公司的董事長(zhǎng)、專(zhuān)家小組成員雅吾茲·希茲麥奇提醒觀眾說(shuō)，伊斯坦布爾歷來(lái)都是商業(yè)與貿(mào)易往來(lái)的交通要道，

66、土耳其本身也有望成為未來(lái)的物流中心。目前許多大型公司在土耳其開(kāi)設(shè)分公司或者收購(gòu)當(dāng)?shù)仄髽I(yè)，利用這個(gè)國(guó)家日益增長(zhǎng)的貿(mào)易、海路、公路、鐵路與航空運(yùn)輸優(yōu)勢(shì)獲利，很快這些公司用于物流的支出也將減少。</p><p>　　在觀眾提問(wèn)期間，有人問(wèn)阿卡維他的公司是如何利用軟件解決方案來(lái)優(yōu)化整車(chē)運(yùn)輸?shù)任锪鳝h(huán)節(jié)。他回答說(shuō)，“軟件并非物流行業(yè)的核心業(yè)務(wù)。目前我們?nèi)栽诖罅M(jìn)行內(nèi)部軟件開(kāi)發(fā)，但我們也在加強(qiáng)與軟件開(kāi)發(fā)商的合作以尋求解決方案…

67、…現(xiàn)在我們用于IT的支出占公司收入的6%至7%左右，同時(shí)有越來(lái)越多的業(yè)務(wù)開(kāi)始采用外包的方式?！?lt;/p><p>　　另有觀眾指出，他一直認(rèn)為物流行業(yè)的入門(mén)門(mén)檻很低，只要公司能把貨物從一個(gè)地點(diǎn)運(yùn)到另一個(gè)地點(diǎn)就行。但隨著技術(shù)進(jìn)步和現(xiàn)有公司的不斷整合，同時(shí)小公司仍然保持著在小型社區(qū)的優(yōu)勢(shì)，中型企業(yè)是否會(huì)被市場(chǎng)逐步淘汰？還是依舊擁有增長(zhǎng)的空間？</p><p>　　阿卡維說(shuō)，“大、中、小型公司當(dāng)然

68、都有各自的增長(zhǎng)空間。我們公司的規(guī)模正在擴(kuò)大，但我們提供整合的解決方案。而有些客戶需要的不過(guò)是將貨物從一地運(yùn)到另一地而已。有時(shí)候規(guī)模小的企業(yè)靈活度更高，還能提供更優(yōu)惠的價(jià)格。假如客戶不需要我們公司這樣的大型網(wǎng)絡(luò)，那么中型企業(yè)就仍有市場(chǎng)?！?lt;/p><p>　　希茲麥奇也提出了自己的看法：“我們是家小公司。但只要你價(jià)格適中，服務(wù)優(yōu)良，規(guī)模大小并不重要。現(xiàn)在無(wú)論是技術(shù)還是生活都變得日益錯(cuò)綜復(fù)雜，大型物流公司并不能真正很