華北高產(chǎn)糧區(qū)農(nóng)業(yè)水、氮調(diào)控途徑與管理政策研究——以山東省桓臺(tái)縣為例.pdf

1、中國農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)博士學(xué)位論文華北高產(chǎn)糧區(qū)農(nóng)業(yè)水、氮調(diào)控途徑與管理政策研究——以山東省桓臺(tái)縣為例姓名：王明新申請(qǐng)學(xué)位級(jí)別：博士專業(yè)：生態(tài)學(xué)指導(dǎo)教師：吳文良20060601AbstractConsideringtheunsustainabilityofintensiveuseofwaterandnitrogenforhiighproductivityofgrainandeconomicreturninHighyieldinggrainregio

2、ninNorthChina，thisdissertationwasaimedatestablishingregulationapproachandanalysismethodofmanagementpolicyforwaterandnitrogenuseToachievetheseobjectives，acasestudywasdoneatatypicalhighyieldinggrainregion，HuantaiCounty，Sha

3、ngdongProvinceLifecycleassessmentmethodwasusedtoquantifyimpactscopeanddegreeofresourcedepletionandenvironmentalpollutionsTheoryofResource＆EnvironmentalEconomicswasusedtoanalysisthereasonoftheimpactandputforwardmanagement

4、policyofwaterandnitrogenuseTheresearchwasdedicatedtOprovidingdecisionmakingfoundationandtechnologysupportCasestudieswereconductedbasedonlargeamountofinvestigating，monitoringandstatisticaldata，andthemainoutputsofthestudyw

5、asconcludedasthefollowings：(1)Thetheoriesoffarmlandecosystemwaterandnitrogencycling，andResource＆EnvironmentalEconomicswereusedtoanalyzethenature，causeandphasecharacteristicofexternalimpactsofwaterandnitrogenuseinagroecos

6、ystemsThreeregulationapproachwasdiscussed，whichincludedstructureregulation，patternregulationandprocessregulationThemethodandtechnologyflowchartforadministrationofagriculturalwaterandnitrogenusewereputforwardTheanalysispr

7、ocessincludedanalysisunitsidentificationanddefinition，ecologicaleffectsanalysis，costbenefitanalysis，constraintconditionanalysisandpolicydecisionFinallytheregulationpolicyframeworkforagriculturalwaterandnitrogenusewasesta

8、blishedAdditionallythecombinationsoftechnologyapproachandpolicymeasureatdifferentresearchunitwerediscussedaswell(2)BasedonthegeneralframeworkofLifeCycleAssessmentamethodofLifeCycleAssessmentfora鰣cultrualproductwasestabli

9、shedandusedtoanalyzeresourcedepletionandemissioninventoryofthemaincroppingsystemswinterwheatandsummermaizerotationsystemsinHuantaiCountyTheresultsofimpactassessmentrevealedthatwaterdepletionandeutrophicationexhibitedthem

10、ostrelevantenvironmentalimpacts，andthemostimportantsourceofenvironmentalimpactsinthewinterwheat’summermaizeproductionsystemwastheirrigationwaterinputandapplicationofnitrogenfertilizersExcessivefertilizerconsumptionwouldn

11、otonlyleadtolargeNH3emissionandNOrNleachinginarablefarmingsubsystemsbutalsesultsinhighinputofwater＆energyandoutputofpollutedwaterandairinfertilizerproductionsector，whichresultinacidificationandeutrophicationfurthermoreTh

12、eenvironmentalimpactsofwinterwheatweremuchstrongerthanthoseofsumnlermaizeduetohigherinputsandloweruse—efficiencyofagrochemicalsandwaterAssuch，toincreasethenitrogenousfertilizeruseefficiencyofcroppingsubsystemsisthekeymea

13、suretocontrolthelifecycleenvironmentalimpactsoftherotationsystems’ni8paperispartsoftheresearchresultsfromthestatekeyprogram“TechnologicalStandardsandImplementingPolicySystemforRegionalEcofugicalAgriculture”(No2002BA516A0

14、61duringtheState1儼FivePIallofSciTechandalsopartsoftheproject，“ModelingApproachofEstimateEnvironmentalCostBasedonBudgetsandCyclesofCarbonandNitrogeninAgroEcosystem”，(3027022∞fundedbytheNationalFoundationofNaturalScienceof