Functional Adaptation of Masticatory and Tongue Muscles and Their Consequences on Functional Loading.pdf

1、The tongue plays an important role in various oral functions such as respiration，speech，deglutition and mastication As a large muscular organ comprised of four intrinsic(superior longitudinal，inferior longitudinal，trans

2、versus and verticalis)and four extrinsic(genioglossus，styloglossus，palatoglossus and hyoglossus)muscles，the tongue fills the majority of the oral cavity in nlost mammals The previous studies have demonstrated that the al

3、teration of tongue volume a fects functionN loads on its surrounding osseous tissues significantly(Liu et al，2008b)，thus results in profound effects on craaaiofacial growth and occlusal development over time(Liu et al，20