電子商務論文外文翻譯(日趨完善的電子商務)

1、<p>　　附件1：外文資料翻譯譯文</p><p>　　E-commerce is coming of age</p><p>　　The 21st century are the information time, the tertiary industry unceasingly rise in the various countries' proportion,

2、specially service industry, information service industry becomes for the 21stcentury the leading industries, this has caused the electronic commerce production and the development in the global information is under the i

3、nfluence which the situation drives, the various countries' electronic commerce unceasing improvement and the consummation, the electronic commerce is a focal p</p><p>　　And, along with the whole world e

4、lectronic commerce swift and violent development, the electronic commerce scale expands day by day, if US in 2000 the electronic commerce amounts to 488.7 billion US dollars, Japanese 31.9 billion US dollars, German 20.6

5、 billion US dollars. Thereupon, the various countries unceasingly opens sends out the form to be diverse, the characteristic each different electronic commerce solution. But, because various countries and some internatio

6、nal organization to electro</p><p>　　But in our country, the computer and the network technology popularization and the development, the electronic commerce rapidly rises, the multitudinous information techn

7、ology enterprise, the venture capital company, the production circulation enterprise develops the electronic commerce in abundance. </p><p>　　Looked from national Economical trade committee to more than 630

8、enterprises' investigations that, at present enterprise in Internet application and development electronic commerce aspect, eastern area enterprise good to middle area, middle is good to the west; The locus good at i

9、s situated at the far away enterprise in the big city enterprise, the new enterprise is good to the old enterprise. The economic potentiality is strong, the profit space big enterprise, the information construction and &

10、lt;/p><p>　　Enters the World Trade Organization along with China, the domestic market is open to the whole world. This meant the Chinese economy development one big surmounts, the electronic commerce also inevi

11、tably gradually will develop, impact tradition industry status does not need to question that, the Internet is becoming the new industrial revolution the leading strength, electronic business takes up honest work into th

12、e new economical growth spot. But, the website grows with does not have between th</p><p>　　This text from of our country e- commerce environment of development, existing problem, how improve development env

13、ironment and of our country development trend 3 of e-commerce at present, probed into and an aliped the current situation of e-commerce development of our country.</p><p>　　WHEN the technology bubble burst i

14、n 2000, the crazy valuations for online companies vanished with it, and many businesses folded. The survivors plugged on as best they could, encouraged by the growing number of internet users. Now valuations are rising a

15、gain and some of the dotcoms are making real profits, but the business world has become much more cautious about the internet’s potential. The funny thing is that the wild predictions made at the height of the boom—namel

16、y, that vast chunks of the</p><p>　　The raw numbers tell only part of the story. According to America’s Department of Commerce, online retail sales in the world’s biggest market last year rose by 26%, to $55

17、 billion. That sounds a lot of money, but it amounts to only 1.6% of total retail sales. The vast majority of people still buy most things in the good old “bricks-and-mortar” world. </p><p>　　But the commerc

18、e department’s figures deal with only part of the retail industry. For instance, they exclude online travel services, one of the most successful and fastest-growing sectors of e-commerce. InterActiveCorp (IAC), the owner

19、 of expedia.com and hotels.com, alone sold $10 billion-worth of travel last year—and it has plenty of competition, not least from airlines, hotels and car-rental companies, all of which increasingly sell online. </p&g

20、t;<p>　　Nor do the figures take in things like financial services, ticket-sales agencies, pornography (a $2 billion business in America last year, according to Adult Video News, a trade magazine), online dating an

21、d a host of other activities, from tracing ancestors to gambling (worth perhaps $6 billion worldwide). They also leave out purchases in grey markets, such as the online pharmacies that are thought to be responsible for a

22、 good proportion of the $700m that Americans spent last year on buying cut-</p><p>　　And there is more. The commerce department’s figures include the fees earned by internet auction sites, but not the value

23、of goods that are sold: an astonishing $24 billion-worth of trade was done last year on eBay, the biggest online auctioneer. Nor, by definition, do they include the billions of dollars-worth of goods bought and sold by b

24、usinesses connecting to each other over the internet. Some of these B2B services are proprietary; for example, Wal-Mart tells its suppliers that they must use</p><p>　　So e-commerce is already very big, and

25、it is going to get much bigger. But the actual value of transactions currently concluded online is dwarfed by the extraordinary influence the internet is exerting over purchases carried out in the offline world. That inf

26、luence is becoming an integral part of e-commerce. </p><p>　　To start with, the internet is profoundly changing consumer behaviour. One in five customers walking into a Sears department store in America to b

27、uy an electrical appliance will have researched their purchase online—and most will know down to a dime what they intend to pay. More surprisingly, three out of four Americans start shopping for new cars online, even tho

28、ugh most end up buying them from traditional dealers. The difference is that these customers come to the showroom armed with informati</p><p>　　Half of the 60m consumers in Europe who have an internet connec

29、tion bought products offline after having investigated prices and details online, according to a study by Forrester, a research consultancy (see chart 1). Different countries have different habits. In Italy and Spain, fo

30、r instance, people are twice as likely to buy offline as online after researching on the internet. But in Britain and Germany, the two most developed internet markets, the numbers are evenly split. Forrester says that<

31、;/p><p>　　People seem to enjoy shopping on the internet, if high customer-satisfaction scores are any guide. Websites are doing ever more and cleverer things to serve and entertain their customers, and seem set

32、 to take a much bigger share of people’s overall spending in the future.</p><p>　　This has enormous implications for business. A company that neglects its website may be committing commercial suicide. A webs

33、ite is increasingly becoming the gateway to a company’s brand, products and services—even if the firm does not sell online. A useless website suggests a useless company, and a rival is only a mouse-click away. But even t

34、he coolest website will be lost in cyberspace if people cannot find it, so companies have to ensure that they appear high up in internet search results. </p><p>　　For many users, a search site is now their p

35、oint of entry to the internet. The best-known search engine has already entered the lexicon: people say they have “Googled” a company, a product or their plumber. The search business has also developed one of the most ef

36、fective forms of advertising on the internet. And it is already the best way to reach some consumers: teenagers and young men spend more time online than watching television. All this means that search is turning into th

37、e internet’s nex</p><p>　　The other way to get noticed online is to offer goods and services through one of the big sites that already get a lot of traffic. Ebay, Yahoo! and Amazon are becoming huge trading

38、platforms for other companies. But to take part, a company’s products have to stand up to intense price competition. People check online prices, compare them with those in their local high street and may well take a peek

39、 at what customers in other countries are paying. Even if websites are prevented from shipping thei</p><p>　　What is going on here is arbitrage between different sales channels, says Mohanbir Sawhney, profes

40、sor of technology at the Kellogg School of Management in Chicago. For instance, someone might use the internet to research digital cameras, but visit a photographic shop for a hands-on demonstration. “I’ll think about it

41、,” they will tell the sales assistant. Back home, they will use a search engine to find the lowest price and buy online. In this way, consumers are “deconstructing the purchasing pro</p><p>　　It is not only

42、price transparency that makes internet consumers so powerful; it is also the way the net makes it easy for them to be fickle. If they do not like a website, they swiftly move on. “The web is the most selfish environment

43、in the world,” says Daniel Rosensweig, chief operating officer of Yahoo! “People want to use the internet whenever they want, how they want and for whatever they want.” </p><p>　　Yahoo! is not alone in defin

44、ing its strategy as working out what its customers (260m unique users every month) are looking for, and then trying to give it to them. The first thing they want is to become better informed about products and prices. “W

45、e operate our business on that belief,” says Jeff Bezos, Amazon’s chief executive. Amazon became famous for books, but long ago branched out into selling lots of other things too; among its latest ventures are health pro

46、ducts, jewellery and gourmet foo</p><p>　　And yet nobody thinks real shops are finished, especially those operating in niche markets. Many bricks-and-mortar bookshops still make a good living, as do flea mar

47、kets. But many record shops and travel agents could be in for a tougher time. Erik Blachford, the head of IAC’s travel side and boss of Expedia, the biggest internet travel agent, thinks online travel bookings in America

48、 could quickly move from 20% of the market to more than half. Mr Bezos reckons online retailers might capture 10-15</p><p>　　How will traditional shops respond? Michael Dell, the founder of Dell, which leads

49、 the personal-computer market by selling direct to the customer, has long thought many shops will turn into showrooms. There are already signs of change on the high street. The latest Apple and Sony stores are designed t

50、o display products, in the full expectation that many people will buy online. To some extent, the online and offline worlds may merge. Multi-channel selling could involve a combination of traditiona</p><p>　

51、　One of the biggest commercial advantages of the internet is a lowering of transaction costs, which usually translates directly into lower prices for the consumer. So, if the lowest prices can be found on the internet an

52、d people like the service they get, why would they buy anywhere else? </p><p>　　One reason may be convenience; another, concern about fraud, which poses the biggest threat to online trade. But as long as the

53、 internet continues to deliver price and product information quickly, cheaply and securely, e-commerce will continue to grow. Increasingly, companies will have to assume that customers will know exactly where to look for

54、 the best buy. This market has the potential to become as perfect as it gets.</p><p>　　Certain products or services appear more suitable for online sales; others remain more suitable for offline sales. While

55、 credit cards are currently the most popular means of paying for online goods and services, alternative online payments will account for 26% of e-commerce volume by 2009 according to Celent. </p><p>　　Many s

56、uccessful purely virtual companies deal with digital products, (including information storage, retrieval, and modification), music, movies, office supplies, education, communication, software, photography, and financial

57、transactions. Examples of this type of company include: Google, eBay and Paypal. Other successful marketers such as use Drop shipping or Affiliate marketing techniques to facilitate transactions of tangible goods without

58、 maintaining real inventory. Examples include numerous</p><p>　　Virtual marketers can sell some non-digital products and services successfully. Such products generally have a high value-to-weight ratio, they

59、 may involve embarrassing purchases, they may typically go to people in remote locations, and they may have shut-ins as their typical purchasers. Items which can fit through a standard letterbox — such as music CDs, DVDs

60、 and books — are particularly suitable for a virtual marketer, and indeed Amazon.com, one of the few enduring dot-com companies, has hist</p><p>　　Products such as spare parts, both for consumer items like w

61、ashing machines and for industrial equipment like centrifugal pumps, also seem good candidates for selling online. Retailers often need to order spare parts specially, since they typically do not stock them at consumer o

62、utlets -- in such cases, e-commerce solutions in spares do not compete with retail stores, only with other ordering systems. A factor for success in this niche can consist of providing customers with exact, reliable info

63、</p><p>　　Purchases of pornography and of other sex-related products and services fulfill the requirements of both virtuality (or if non-virtual, generally high-value) and potential embarrassment; unsurprisi

64、ngly, provision of such services has become the most profitable segment of e-commerce. </p><p>　　There are also many disadvantages of e-commerce. one of the main ones is fraud. This is where your details (na

65、me, bank card number, age, national insurance number) are entered into what look to be a safe site but really it is not. These details can then be used to steal money from you and can be used to buy things on line that y

66、ou are completely unaware of until it is too late. this information is leaked into the wrong hands. People are able to steal your identity, and commit more fraud crimes </p><p>　　Failure understands custome

67、rs why they buy and how they buy. Even a product with a sound value proposition can fail if producers and retailers do not understand customer habits, expectations, and motivations. E-commerce could potentially mitigate

68、this potential problem with proactive and focused marketing research, just as traditional retailers may do. Failure consider the competitive situation. One may have the will to construct a viable book e-tailing business

69、model, but lack the capability to</p><p>　　Products less suitable for e-commerce include products that have a low value-to-weight ratio, products that have a smell, taste, or touch component, products that n

70、eed trial fittings — most notably clothing — and products where color integrity appears important. Nonetheless, Tesco.com has had success delivering groceries in the UK, albeit that many of its goods are of a generic qua

71、lity, and clothing sold through the internet is big business in the U.S. Also, the recycling program Cheapcycle sell</p><p><b>　　日趨完善的電子商務</b></p><p>　　二十一世紀是信息化的時代，第三產業(yè)在各國的比重不斷上升，特別

72、是服務業(yè)，信息服務業(yè)成為21世紀的主導產業(yè)，這導致了電子商務的產生和發(fā)展，在全球信息化大勢所驅的影響下，各國的電子商務不斷的改進和完善，電子商務成為各個國家和各大公司爭奪的焦點。</p><p>　　并且，隨著全球電子商務的迅猛發(fā)展，電子商務規(guī)模日益擴大，如美國2000年電子商務達4887億美元，日本319億美元，德國206億美元。于是，各國不斷開發(fā)出形式多樣、特點各異的電子商務解決方案。但是，由于各國和一些國際

73、組織對電子商務的認識存在差異，因而制定和實施的發(fā)展的電子商務政策也存在明顯的不同。國與國之間的電子商務活動因缺乏有效的協(xié)調機制而發(fā)展緩慢，同時一國內部的電子商務活動也因缺乏有效的政策保障而受到制約。因此，研究探討電子商務現(xiàn)狀和制定實施恰當?shù)碾娮由虅盏恼邌栴}就十分迫切</p><p>　　而在我國，計算機與網絡技術的普及與發(fā)展，電子商務迅速崛起，眾多的信息技術企業(yè)、風險投資公司、生產流通企業(yè)紛紛開展電子商務。 &

74、lt;/p><p>　　從國家經貿委對630多家企業(yè)的調查來看，目前企業(yè)在互聯(lián)網應用和開展電子商務方面，東部地區(qū)的企業(yè)好于中部地區(qū)，中部好于西部；所在地在大城市的企業(yè)好于地處偏遠的企業(yè)，新企業(yè)好于老企業(yè)。經濟實力強、利潤空間大的企業(yè)，信息化建設和電子商務開展得比較好。如聯(lián)想集團目前已經完成了供應鏈環(huán)節(jié)的信息化，做好了開展電子商務的全部基礎性工作。同時，大多數(shù)企業(yè)對信息化建設比較重視，普遍看好電子商務的未來，企業(yè)內部信

75、息化建設取得了積極進展，正在由信息孤島向信息集成跨越；建立在網絡應用基礎上的電子商務建設也取得了一定進展，一些企業(yè)已經通過網絡開展采購業(yè)務和網上銷售。</p><p>　　另一方面，中國入世，國內市場向全球開放。這意味著中國經濟發(fā)展的一大跨越，電子商務也勢必逐步發(fā)展起來，沖擊傳統(tǒng)產業(yè)的地位.毋庸質疑，互聯(lián)網正成為新的產業(yè)革命的主導力量，電子商務正成為新的經濟增長點。但是，網站增長與無效益之間的反差，電子商務交易的

76、安全技術與可*性差，交易雙方缺乏信譽等已經嚴重制約了我國電子商務的發(fā)展，電子商務的發(fā)展在中國面臨著重重難關。</p><p>　　但是信息技術與之相關的電子商務已經成為中國企業(yè)在新世紀進入世界的真正機遇。市場將更加開放，企業(yè)導入電子商務的比例將持續(xù)增加，中國將成為電子商務在全球發(fā)展最快，潛力最大的地區(qū)之一。</p><p>　　當2000年科技泡沫爆發(fā)時，備受炒作的網上公司好象隨之蒸發(fā)了，

77、眾多的網上貿易也被迫流產。劫后余生網上公司無一不緊縮商務，好在與日俱增的互聯(lián)網用戶在激勵著他們?，F(xiàn)在，對網上公司的評價又有所提高了，并且很多.com公司的確也已開始贏利了，但工商界還是謹慎地評價互聯(lián)網的潛能。盡管如此，有人已大膽的預言：世界上大量經濟巨頭不久都會以某種方式移師電腦空間。 </p><p>　　據商務部不完全統(tǒng)計表明，去年網上零售額增加了26%，達到550億美元。這聽起來的確是一個很大的數(shù)目，但這僅

78、相當于全球零售業(yè)總額的1.6%。大部分的成年消費者依然習慣于到“磚+混凝土”（bricks-and-mortar）的世界里消費。 </p><p>　　其實商務部公布的數(shù)字僅涉及部分產業(yè)。例如，該數(shù)字雖然包括了網上旅游服務，這一電子商務界最成功也是增長最快的行業(yè)之一。IAC (InterActiveCorp)，expedia.com 和 hotels.com兩個站的擁有者，去年僅它一家就有100億美元的營業(yè)額，包

79、括航空業(yè)、賓館業(yè)、出租車公司在內的競爭對手去年網上營業(yè)總額也有大幅攀升，但這些網上營業(yè)額攀升的企業(yè)在商務部的數(shù)字中并未得到體現(xiàn)。 </p><p>　　同樣，商務部的數(shù)字也沒有包含財經服務、票務代理、網上色情（據<成人視訊（A dult Video News）>（去年美國網上色情業(yè)營業(yè)額高達20億美元）等行業(yè)在內。另外大量與博彩業(yè)相關的商業(yè)形為(世界范圍內的網上博彩業(yè)營業(yè)額高達60億美元)也沒有提及。

80、 </p><p>　　另外，商務部的數(shù)字雖然包括了拍賣網站的利潤，卻沒有包含所拍賣成交貨物的價值在內，據估算，其價值高達數(shù)百億美元。去年僅eBay這家最大的拍賣網站出手的貨物價值就高達240億美元。按照商務部的界定，數(shù)十億美元的成交貨物總價值是沒有包括其中的，況且很多B2B模式的商貿形為都是不公開的，例如Wal-Mart公司就明確地告誡其供貨商，若想成為其2500億美元的營業(yè)額的一部分，必需采用自己的運轉體系。

81、 </p><p>　　由以上數(shù)字可以看出，電子商務已是很有規(guī)模了，并且正在發(fā)展壯大。但是網上交易額正受到離線交易的沖擊，而離線交易又是電子商務的一個重要組成部分。 </p><p>　　互聯(lián)網正深深地改變著消費者的消費行為。目前，有1/5的美國人在到商店購買電子產品前，會先到網上去查詢其最低價，以節(jié)省哪怕一毛錢。更讓人吃驚的是，有3/4的美國人在購買新汽車時也會首先想到互聯(lián)網，即使最后成

82、交仍可能是用傳統(tǒng)的方式---從經銷商那購買，但他們會到網上去了解有關要購汽車的各種信息，并選定網上推薦的最好的經銷商。有時，他們還會到相關網站上去打印自己感興趣的汽車的圖片等資料作參考。 </p><p>　　作為資深調查顧問的Forrester先生提供的圖表顯示，在歐洲6億消費者中，有半數(shù)采取在網上查詢商品信息，然后離線購買的方式來消費（見圖1）。當然不同國家又有不同的消費習慣，例如在意大利和西班牙，采取在網上

83、查詢然后離線購買的人數(shù)大約是網上直接購買的兩倍。但在德國和英國這兩個最發(fā)達的網絡國家里，二者基本相當。Forrester稱，人們從網上購物一般都是從一些簡單的物品開始的，如DVD光盤，然后向較復雜的商品過渡。在美國，二手汽車是一個增長最快的一個領域。 </p><p>　　如果網站的顧客導購做的成功的話，人們看來是樂意采取網上購物方式的，現(xiàn)在網站正在變的越來越明智，它們給顧客更多更實在的服務。在不久的將來，網上購

84、物占人們購物總額的比例肯定會有大的提高。 </p><p>　　網站建設對商業(yè)行為來說意義重大。一個不注重網站建設的公司無異于是在商戰(zhàn)中自殺。即便公司并不從事網上交易，網站也會成為人們了解其商標、產品及服務的門戶。在電腦空間，一個無價值的網站往往預示著一個無價值的公司，他只會在人們的鼠標點擊下被無情舍棄。所以一個成功的公司一定要建成一個優(yōu)秀的網站，以確保它能出現(xiàn)在每次搜索結果的前列。 </p>&l

85、t;p>　　對很多用戶而言，一個搜索站點往往是他們進入互聯(lián)網的切入點。全球知名的搜索引擎早已進入當代詞典：人們會說他“Googled”了一個公司，一個產品或是一個管道工。這種搜索行為也成為了互聯(lián)網上最有成效的廣告途徑之一。并且這也是接近青少年這一顧客群體最好的方式，因為他們花在互聯(lián)網上的時間遠遠超過看電視的時間。所有這些都說明，網上搜索成了互聯(lián)網的一下個戰(zhàn)場，例如，Google就是依賴其優(yōu)異的搜索功能來抗衡Yahoo! 和 Mic

86、rosoft。 </p><p>　　另一條忠告就是公司最好在一家已擁有相當訪問量的網站上登載自己的商品及服務。Ebay、Yahoo、Amazon正在某些方面成為眾多公司的展示自己商品的巨大平臺，不過一個公司要參與到這個平臺中來，則必需經得住激烈的價格戰(zhàn)。網上消費者往往會拿商品網上報價與當?shù)厣痰昀镒饕槐容^，甚至會與別的國家的售價進行比較，即使網上銷售在境外是被禁止的，也會有大量的基于網站銷售方式的業(yè)主積極去運作。

87、 </p><p>　　芝加哥Kellogg管理學院的科技教授 Mohanbir Sawhney說，我們應清楚現(xiàn)今消費者購物行為的改變。例如，某人想買一部數(shù)字照相機，他會先到附近的商店里去考察實物，選好型號后，他會和售貨員說：“我回去考慮一下再來”，然后他回家就會到網上去查該型號相機的最低售價，然后在網上訂購。所以從這個意義上說，消費者已不再遵從傳統(tǒng)的購物流程。</p><p>　　不只是

88、互聯(lián)網上透明的價格使得消費者成為強勢群體，網絡也使得他們成為“薄情”一族，如果他們不喜歡某一網站則會毫不猶豫地離開?！熬W絡是世界上最自私的場所”，Yahoo!執(zhí)行總裁Daniel Rosensweig 稱，“人們應用互聯(lián)網可謂，隨時、隨地、隨人所欲”。 </p><p>　　象Yahoo!這樣，致力于尋找并提供客戶需要的各種信息的網站并不在少數(shù)（Yahoo!每月?lián)Q有2。6億訪問者）。消費者最關心的就是最詳實的商

89、品名錄及其報價，Amazon執(zhí)行總裁Jeff Bezos說：“我們經營的基礎是消費者的信任”。Amazon現(xiàn)在已是世界聞名的圖書經銷商，以前它也曾在網上銷售過其它產品，例如保健品、珠寶和精選的食品。Bezos先生認為除倉儲超市里那些體積大價格低的物品外，他們甚至可以出售一切，這也是數(shù)以百萬計的消費者選擇eBay的原因。 </p><p>　　即便如此，沒有人會認為傳統(tǒng)意義的商店可以消失，特別是那些“投機”性更強的

90、領域。許多“磚+混凝土”的商店仍有著不凡的業(yè)績，例如雜貨市場等，但象音像和旅游市場則受到了來自互聯(lián)網實實在在的沖擊。作為互聯(lián)網上最大的旅游代理商的Expedia旅游公司，其老板聲稱未來美國民眾網上預訂旅游服務的比例，將會從如今的20%上升到50%。Bezos先生估計未來十年網上零售業(yè)將會達到零售總額的10-15%，并將深刻地改變人們的消費觀念。 </p><p>　　面對來勢洶洶的網上營銷，傳統(tǒng)的商場將如何應對呢

91、？Dell計算機公司的創(chuàng)始人Michael Dell先生，一直領導個人計算機的直銷市場，他認為憑借各層銷售商店去出售計算機的方式只能進陳列館作為古董了，Dell采用的直銷方式已收到了良好的效果。近來，Apple 和Sony的專賣店計劃展示全部可以在網上查到的該品牌商品，也是應對措施之一。從長遠看，網上和離線銷售方式也必將融合，傳統(tǒng)商店也將成為多種銷售手段并存的集合體：打印出的商品名錄、家庭電視直銷、電視訂貨以及電子商務網站具全。但從消費

92、者角度來說，從網上訂貨還是他們最為樂意的消費方式。 </p><p>　　網上銷售最大的優(yōu)勢就在于其低價，這是因為網上商品沒有多層中轉，于是也就沒有多層加價，它們一般都是直接從生產廠家直接到消費者。如果在互聯(lián)網上消費者可以買到最低價格的商品并能得到最好的服務，還會有人去其它地方購物嗎？ </p><p>　　當然，消費才在網上購物時，可能會面對欺詐行為。但隨著互聯(lián)網的發(fā)展，它傳遞商品信息速

93、度進一步加快，加上提供同一商品的多家網站必然會考慮自己的長遠發(fā)展，而爭相提供準確翔實的商品信息和價格，并提供優(yōu)質服務，以抓住更多的用戶。所以網上市場肯定會越來越完善。</p><p>　　Certain products or services appear more suitable for online sales; others remain more suitable for offline sales.

94、某些產品或服務,似乎更適合于在網上銷售;其余較適合離線銷售. While credit cards are currently the most popular means of paying for online goods and services, alternative online payments will account for 26% of e-commerce volume by 2009 according to C

95、elent .而信用卡是目前最流行的方式支付訂購商品和服務,另類在線支付將占26%的電子商務額由2009年根據塞倫提. </p><p>　　Many successful purely virtual companies deal with digital products, (including information storage, retrieval, and modification), music,

96、 movies, office supplies, education, communication, software, photography, and financial transactions.許多成功的純虛擬公司處理數(shù)碼產品(包括信息存儲,檢索和修改等),音樂,電影,辦公用品,教育,通信,軟件,攝影,和金融交易. Examples of this type of company include: Google , eBay