外文翻譯---建筑物出口標志的能見度實驗研究

1、附 錄翻譯原文Experimental study on visibility of exit signs in buildingsL.T. Wong, K.C. LoDepartment of Building Services Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China Received 26 November 2003; received

2、 in revised form 19 January 2006; accepted 23 February 2006Abstract：Visibility of exit signs in terms of the height of the sign content was studied experimentally in an 18m internal corridor. Four factors affecting the v

3、isibility including graphics, colours, lighting conditions and ages of the observers were investigated. Combinations of designations containing the English and Chinese words EXIT, five directional indicators and two exit

4、 symbols in different colours under normal and emergency lighting conditions were presented to 30 observers of different age groups to determine their visibility. The sign heights detected, identified and identified with

5、 confidence were measured. Increased height for correct identification was found for an exit sign containing two symbols as compared to a sign containing only one symbol. A green exit sign was reported to be highly visib

6、le. It was also reported that at reduced illumination, the sign height for correct identification increased.© 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.1. IntroductionEmergency exit signs are installed to provide marki

7、ngs of exits and escape routes in buildings and should be able to assist the occupants to leave the buildings effectively in case of emergency [1,2]. Exit sign is an essential installation in buildings and the specificat

8、ions are stated in design guides and regulations [3–6]. Thousands of exit signs can be found in many high-rise buildings. In Hong Kong, exit signs containing the word EXIT in English and Chinese of not less than 125mm he

9、ight are specified for local buildings [5,6]. A sign shall be designed with a combination of directional indicator, symbol and words: while the general design shall follow the standard specified [4], the Chinese word sha

10、ll reach a minimum width of 15mm in vertical strokes and 10mm in horizontal strokes [5]. Moreover, the colour-pair of sign content and background shall be green and white (GW) or white and green (WG) [5], though black an

11、d green (BG) is being used in some existing buildings [6]. Comprehensible symbols, words and directional indicators for exit designation were studied and applied to exit sign designs [7–10]. Both signage design and illum

12、ination conditions affect the visibility of an exit sign [11]. The changes in visibility with size and luminance in terms of the visual angle were studied by Jin et al. [13]. Increasing the contrast of the arrow, enlargi

13、ng the area of the chevron and changing the a 300-mm-wide white sign containing the word EXIT of 150mm height would be identified correctly at a mean distance of 30m [3]. In Hong Kong, an exit sign designed with the word

14、 EXIT in English and Chinese and an exit symbol of a running person is specified for local buildings [5,6], and a directional indicator shall be used in a directional sign with an exit symbol or the English and Chinese w

15、ords. Exit symbols (E1, E2), words (W1, W2) and directional indicators (D1 to D5) used in this study are shown in Table 1. The following are their sources. The graphics of a person running through an open door (E1) [7–10

16、] and a person running away from fire (E2) [5] from current codes were used as the exit symbols. E2 is believed to be a good exit indication and prescribed in the local code [6]. The English word EXIT (W1) contributed to

17、 accurate identification of exit messages [7–10] and has been widely adopted in design guides and standards [3–6]. The Chinese word for exit (W2) has also been specified for local applications [5-6]. Visibility of direct

18、ional indicators and their effectiveness in indicating direction were studied extensively [7–10]. A chevron (D1) was identified as the most visible and effective directional indicator and recommended for building environ

19、ment [3]. Alternatively, an ‘a(chǎn)ngelfish’ (D2) was found to be eye catching and a triangle (D3) (of increased area related to D1) would be easily visible [11, 12]. An arrow containing a chevron with a ‘tail’ (D4) prescribe