[雙語翻譯]山體滑坡外文翻譯--烏干達(dá)實(shí)施滑坡災(zāi)害風(fēng)險(xiǎn)降低政策（英文）

1、Contents lists available at ScienceDirectInternational Journal of Disaster Risk Reductionjournal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/ijdrrImplementation of landslide disaster risk reduction policy in UgandaSowedi Masabaa,b

2、,?, David N. Mungaia, Moses Isabiryeb, Haroonah Nsubugaca Wangari Maathai Institute for Peace resettling all persons living in landslide-prone areas; under-taking to promote afforestation; enforcing the relevant laws an

3、dpolicies; and applying appropriate farming technologies and land usepractices. There has however, been no comprehensive study to assessimplementation of the landslide disaster risk reduction policy measuresrecommended b

4、y the NPDPM. Therefore, the aim of this paper was toassess the extent to which the landslide disaster risk reduction policymeasures have been implemented. The key research question was, tohttp://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdr

5、r.2017.01.019Received 20 August 2016; Received in revised form 24 January 2017; Accepted 29 January 2017? Corresponding author.E-mail addresses: sowedimasaba@gmail.com (S. Masaba), mungaidavid@uonbi.ac.ke (D.N. Mungai),

6、isabiryemoses@yahoo.com (M. Isabirye),nsubugaharoonah@yahoo.com (H. Nsubuga).International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction 24 (2017) 326–331Available online 07 February 20172212-4209/ © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rig

7、hts reserved.MARKapproach involving household surveys and key informant interviews,and employed both qualitative and quantitative approaches. A mixedmethod is superior to a single method because it enhances data qualityt

8、hrough triangulation, facilitation and complementarities [6,24,42].2.3. Study population, sample and sampling procedureThe study was conducted in the landslide disaster prone district ofBududa in Eastern Uganda. The targ

9、et population was all the 37,028households in the district of which 84% were living with landside risks[Author, 2016]. The sample consisted of 300 households drawn fromthree parishes. The sample size was determined stati

10、stically [41]. Thestudy used various sampling techniques. Purposive sampling was usedto select Bududa district as the study area since it experiences thehighest number of landslide disasters in the country [17]. Stratifi

11、edrandom sampling was used to select the sample sub-counties ofBukigai, Bushika and Bukalasi on the basis of low, medium and highlandslide disaster risk respectively [32]. Simple random sampling wasused to select the sam

12、ple parishes of Bunamubi, Bufutsa and Bundesiwhile systematic random sampling was used to select the samplehouseholds. Such randomization enhances data validity and reliabilitysince it reduces the effects of extraneous v

13、ariables [40,41].2.4. Data collection and analysisPrimary data were collected through household surveys and keyinformant interviews, conducted by the principal researcher and oneresearch assistant. The household surveys

14、were conducted fromJanuary to March 2015 while the key informant interviews wereconducted in April 2016. Data were collected from 300 householdheads or their representatives using face to face questionnaires. Toenhance d

15、ata validity and reliability, the questionnaires were pretestedbefore final use [40,41]. A total of 10 key informant interviews wereconducted with political leaders and technical staff of the disaster riskmanagement agen

16、cies working in Bududa District. The key informantswere asked questions about their role in landslide disaster riskreduction, how the landslide disaster measures proposed by theNPDPM had been implemented, and the challen

17、ges faced. Secondarydata was collected through document analysis, including reviewgovernment of Uganda policy documents. Quantitative data wereanalyzed using standard descriptive statistics and Spearman's correla-tio

18、n tests. The Statistical Package for Social Scientists (SPSS) softwareversion 16 was used to enter and manage the quantitative data. Contentanalysis was used to analyze the qualitative data by identifying codesfrom which

19、 basis categories were generated and grouped into themes[41].3. ResultsThe study findings are presented in four thematic topics, namely:socio-economic characteristics of the respondent households, imple-mentation of land

20、slide disaster risk policy reduction measures, factorsinfluencing implementation of landslide disaster risk reduction policymeasures at the household level, and challenges facing implementationof landslide disaster risk

21、reduction policy measures at the organiza-tional level.3.1. Socio-economic and demographic characteristics of respondentsThe study findings reveal that in terms of ethnic composition, theBagisu or Bamasaba were the domin

22、ant tribal group, constituting 99%of the population. The majority of respondents were female (51%) andmarried (84%), with an average household size of 6.4 people. Most ofrespondents (74%) were aged between 18 to 55 and f

23、armers (93%). Interms of education, 85% of the respondents had attained at leastprimary level education and 86% earned a monthly income of less than235,000 Uganda shillings (equivalent to 67 United States Dollars).Most o

24、f the respondents (79%) had lived in the study area for morethan 12 years, with homesteads located within a distance of 2.5 kmfrom previous landslides (75%) and had been affected by past land-slides (67%). Majority of th

25、e respondents were aware of (99%) andimplementing (89%) the landslide disaster risk reduction policymeasures. Most of the respondents said that they were prepared forfuture landslide disasters (80%). The socio-economic a

26、nd demographiccharacteristics of the respondents indicate high social, cultural, eco-nomic and physical vulnerability of the local community to landslidedisaster risks.Fig. 2. Map showing the location of Bududa District