[雙語翻譯]--港航外文翻譯 --洛杉磯港全港交通總體規(guī)劃（原文）

1、Port of Los Angeles Port-wide Transportation Master PlanSue Lai1, Dina Aryan-Zahlan2, Michael Leue3ABSTRACTThe Port of Los Angeles has experienced significant growth in recent history andcargo forecasts suggest that cont

2、inued growth should be anticipated. No matter howwell cargo is handled at the docks it could be constrained on congested highways andrailways once it leaves the terminal. In addition, some of the most significant quality

3、of life impacts to neighboring communities occur as a result of transportation issues.The primary purpose of this planning study is to plan for projected cargo growth sothat the impacts of increasing cargo volumes on the

4、 transportation system areunderstood and addressed. This paper gives a broad overview of the entiretransportation master planning process which developed unique approaches andplanning tools to address challenges.1.0 INTR

5、ODUCTION1.1 PurposeThe primary purpose of the Port of Los Angeles’ Transportation Master Plan is to plan forprojected cargo growth so that the impacts of increasing cargo volumes are understood.Balancing growth and devel

6、opment with environmental considerations is a challenge thePort of Los Angeles continues to address every day. This is accomplished through avariety of strategies that include cleaner-burning vehicle operations in and ar

7、ound the Port,more efficient cargo-handling; improved infrastructure; and biological, industrial andinternal environmental programs. Truck reduction strategies and transportationimprovements can be analyzed, designed, an

8、d evaluated to address these impacts. TheTransportation Master Plan analyzes the combined transportation system of the two SanPedro Bay Ports and the regional highway system and makes recommendations forsystem improvemen

9、ts focused on Port of Los Angeles facilities.2.0 TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM ANALYSISIn order to determine the usage split of rail and truck transport of cargo, an analysis ofcargo flow is performed. Cargo volumes (Mercer 2001

10、), and the various transportmodes and processes used to move goods to and from the Port are factors that affectcargo flow.The rail system is complex and has three major elements that could potentiallyconstrain the system

11、’s throughput. The operations at the marine terminal, containerhandling at the rail yard, and train operations at both the rail yard and the railroad3. Developing an inland empties depot.4. Developing a virtual container

12、 yard.Efficient transportation requires that truckers be resourcefully dispatched throughutilization of marine terminal appointment systems, planning to increase dual-moves,and use of empty container management systems.T

13、rip Distribution (Route) ChoiceWhere trucks travel on the roadway system is affected by trip distribution andspecific route choices. A primary factor in the analysis of trip distribution is portcargo origins and destinat

14、ions which are determined from cargo data, truckingcompany data and truck driver surveys. The primary method of determining tripdistribution is application of a travel demand model to select the optimum distributionof tr

15、affic onto the roadway system. This model considers volumes of trafficgenerated by port terminals, inland origins and destinations, physical characteristicsof the roadway network, specific route choices and background tr

16、affic. An overviewof the travel demand model development and application is presented below.Port Area Travel Demand Model Development and Application: The roadwayfacilities in and around the Port area are assessed using

17、a fully dynamic traveldemand-forecasting (TDF) model that is generally based on the Southern CaliforniaAssociation of Governments’ (SCAG) Regional Travel Demand Forecasting Model.Elements of the SCAG Heavy Duty Truck (HD

18、T) model were used, as well as inputdata from the City of Long Beach model and the City of Los Angeles TransportationImprovement Mitigation Program (TIMP) models. TRANPLAN is the software platformused for modeling.The pu

19、rpose of the Port area model is to forecast distribution of truck and automobiletrips in and around the Port area, based on growth projections in Port throughputcombined with regional growth projections. The model produc

20、es forecasts on thehighway network (both freeways and surface arterial streets) for several vehicle typesincluding port autos (auto trips with an origin or destination in the Port such asemployees or visitors), non-port

21、autos, bobtail trucks, container trucks, trucks withchassis, flatbed trucks and other vehicles.The following major refinements were made to the regional model to provideaccurate local area traffic forecasting capabilitie

22、s for the San Pedro Bay Ports:??Roadway network refinements to the local roadway system and the freewaysystem in the focus area. Every roadway, including all local roads in the Portarea, was added to the model.2.Traffic

23、model zone system refinement in the focus area to develop much smallerand more discrete zones and loading points. Every container terminal was codedas a traffic zone, as well as many of the larger non-container terminals