[雙語翻譯]---港航外文翻譯--圣尼古拉斯島開敞式滾裝貨物碼頭（原文）

1、1Open-Ocean Roll-on/Roll-off Cargo Pier on San Nicolas IslandR. F. Zueck1 and T. A. Blount21Waterfront Structures OP62, Naval Facilities Engineering Service Center, 1100 23rdAve, Port Hueneme, CA 93043-4370; PH (805) 982

2、-1210; FAX (805) 982-3481; email: robert.zueck@navy.mil 2U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, South Atlantic Division, Wilmington District, 69 Darlington Ave, Wilmington, NC 28402-1890; PH (910) 251-4029; email: tblount@gmail.c

3、om; formerly with Naval Facilities Command, SouthwestAbstract The U.S. Navy has designed and built a unique roll-on and roll-off pier in open-water for transferring cargo to and from San Nicolas Island, CA. This pier rep

4、laces an amphibious beach operation that conflicted with marine mammal habitation. Built high above expected ocean waves, the new concrete pier has a steel offloading ramp that can be lowered for any given wave and tide

5、conditions. Dolphins have highly specialized hardware appropriate for mooring in an open-ocean environment. This paper describes key details of planning, designing, and constructing this one of a kind facility using a pe

6、rformance-based design/build contract. The paper also describes design details for moving cargo from a barge in the open-ocean.Introduction Located 105 km (65 miles) off Point Mugu, CA, San Nicolas Island (SNI) serves as

7、 the hub for the U.S. Navy’s 36,000 square mile Point Mugu Sea Range. Support facilities on the island include radar, telemetry, and communication systems, in addition to missile launch and ordnance preparation sites. Th

8、e island includes a 3050m (10,000 feet) runway, an air terminal, housing, a power plant, a fuel farm, dining, and recreation. To deliver bulk materials and heavy supplies, a dedicated cargo barge sails between the island

9、 and Port Hueneme, often twice a month.SNI is fully exposed to the full metocean (meteorological and oceanographic) conditions of the Pacific Ocean. Since no protected or semi-protected natural harbor exists anywhere on

10、SNI, the U.S. Navy chose to build an open-ocean pier to support cargo transfer at SNI. As shown in Fig 1, the roll-on roll-off cargo pier consists of three main segments: an 80m (265 feet) long concrete pier rising to ap

11、proximately 6mPorts 2007: 30 Years of Sharing Ideas...1977-2007Copyright ASCE 2007 Copyright ASCE 2007 Ports 2007 Ports 2007Ports 2007 Downloaded from ascelibrary.org by Changsha University of Science and Technology on

12、12/30/14. Copyright ASCE. For personal use only; all rights reserved.3relatively small amount of transferred cargo and the large environmental impact that would result from such an option.The team settled on three open-o

13、cean pier concepts, each progressively more operationally capable. These concepts called for mooring the barge just beyond the breaking waves to allow for cargo transfer at any tide level and to avoid disturbing beached

14、marine mammals. Many roll-on roll-off piers exist in a variety of protected and semi-protected locations worldwide. However, no good examples could be found of this pier type being exposed to full metocean conditions of

15、an open-ocean location.The NAVFAC team performed a series of pre-design engineering investigations to reduce risk and assure effective cargo transfer across the barge/pier interface during desired metocean conditions. Th

16、e findings of these investigations were used in developing the performance specification that was eventually put out for bid. The team had help from specialized contractors as well as engineers from the Naval Facilities

17、Engineering Service Center in Port Hueneme, CA. The pre-design investigations included the following: ? Measuring underwater bathymetry and environmental habitats ? Simulating wave climates and developing pertinent local

18、 metocean statistics ? Studying ocean current, shoreline dynamics and beach stability ? Sampling the on-shore and underwater soil and studying the geology ? Establishing realistic, prioritized operational and survival re

19、quirementsProving very valuable for the design/build effort, these investigations were essential for overcoming the unique technical challenge of a roll-on/roll-off cargo transfer pier exposed to the open-ocean environme

20、nt. The Daytona Beach area of San Nicolas Island was recommended as the preferred site to build the pier based on history, wave statistics and shoreline assessments.Geotechnical surveys proved to be some of the most valu

21、able pre-design work performed. The team cored the soil along the planned alignment of the pier (both on- shore and off-shore). Since jack-up rigs were not readily available in the North Pacific, a bottom-founded, diver-

22、operated rig was used to drill soil cores underwater in the shallow surf zone (See Fig 2). Even with this novel rig, sampling in the center of the surf zone became difficult and uneconomical.The NAVFAC team found favorab

23、le bathymetry but rather unfavorable geology at the site. Consisting of sandstone and claystone bedrock with little overburden soil, the subsurface geology fractured easily and would not support standard driven piles. Dr

24、illing and socketing was recommended to all bidders.Design/Build Contract and Partnership In an effort to hire design and construction services that would provide innovation and lower risk on this very unique project, NA

25、VFAC chose to award the contract with a performance-based, design/build Request for Proposal with full and openPorts 2007: 30 Years of Sharing Ideas...1977-2007Copyright ASCE 2007 Copyright ASCE 2007 Ports 2007 Ports 20