羅森 財(cái)政學(xué) public finance 第10版 課后習(xí)題答案 英文版 第1-22章

1、Part1–GettingStartedInstruct’sManualtoaccompanyPublicFinanceTenthEditionbyHarveyS.RosenTedGayerChapter1–IntroductionBriefOutline1.PublicFinanceIdeologya.TheganicViewofGovernmentb.TheMechanisticViewofGovernmentc.TheViewpo

2、intofThisBook2.GovernmentataGlancea.LegalFramewki.FederalGovernmentii.StateLocalGovernmentsb.SizeofGovernmentc.Expendituresd.Revenuese.OurAgendaSuggestedAnswerstoEndofChapterDiscussionQuestions1.a.McCain’sstatementiscons

3、istentwithanganicconceptionofgovernment.Individualstheirgoalsarelessimptantthanthestate.b.Lockemakesaclearstatementofthemechanisticviewofthestateinwhichindividuallibertyisofparamountimptance.c.Chavez’sstatementisconsiste

4、ntwithanganicviewofgovernment.Theindividualhassignificanceonlyaspartofsocietyasawhole.2.Libertariansbelieveinaverylimitedgovernmentareskepticalabouttheabilityofgovernmenttoimprovesocialwelfare.Socialdemocratsbelievethats

5、ubstantialgovernmentinterventionisrequiredfthegoodofindividuals.Someonewithanganicconceptionofthestatebelievesthatthegoalsofsocietyaresetbythestateindividualsarevaluedonlybytheircontributiontotherealizationofsocialgoals.

6、a.Alawprohibitingreceivingcompensationfgandonationwouldbeopposedbylibertariansastheywouldwantthemarkettodecidewhobuyswhosellsgansatwhatpricetheganswouldbesold.Socialdemocratsalsomightopposethelawiftheyconsiderthatsuchala

7、wwouldpreventgandonationfromhappeningasfrequently.Howevertheyarelikelytosupptthelawonthegroundsthatpayingfgandonationwouldcoercefinanciallydesperatepeopletoselltheirgans.Thelawwouldprotecttheindividualfrommakingapo11Copy

8、right?2014McGrawHillEducation.Allrightsreserved.NoreproductiondistributionwithoutthepriwrittenconsentofMcGrawHillEducation.Part1–GettingStarted4.a.Ifthesizeofgovernmentismeasuredbydirectexpendituresthematedoesnotdirectly

9、increaseit.Costsofcompliancehowevermaybehighwouldappearasanincreaseina“regulatybudget.”b.Thisbanwouldnotincreasegovernmentexpendituresbutthehighcostsofcompliancewouldincreasetheregulatybudget.c.It’shardtosaywhetherthisre

10、presentsanincreasedecreaseinthesizeofgovernment.OnepossibilityisthatGDPstayedthesamegovernmentpurchasesofgoodsservicesfell.AnotheristhatgovernmentpurchasesofgoodsservicesgrewbutataslowerratethantheGDP.Onemustalsoconsider

11、coincidentfederalcreditregulatyactivitiesstatelocalbudgets.d.Thefederalbudgetwoulddecreaseifgrantsinaidwerereduced.Howeverifstatelocalgovernmentsoffsetthisbyincreasingtaxesthesizeofthegovernmentsectasawholewouldnotgodown

12、asmuchasonewouldhaveguessed.5.Theinflationerodestherealvalueofthedebtby0.036x￡904billion￡32.54billion.Thefactthatinflationreducestherealdebtobligationmeansthatthisfigureshouldbeincludedasrevenuetothegovernment.6.Ifyoucon

13、siderthesizeofgovernmentastheextenttowhichsociety’sresourcesaresubjecttocontrolbythegovernmentthebothPolicy1Policy2wouldincreasethesizeofgovernmentbythesameamount.WhileitseemsPolicy1hasnoeffectofthesizeofthegovernmentbec

14、auseitonlymatesprivatespendingitcausesresourcestobeunderthecontrolofthegovernment.Policy2seemstoaffectthesizeofthegovernmentbecauseitchangesrevenuestransfersbutthecosttoeachhouseholdisthesameasinPolicy1a$5000expenditureo

15、nhealthinsuranceinadditionaltaxes.7.RelativetoGDPdefensespendinggrewfrom5.0percentofGDPin1981to6.0percentofGDPin1985thengrewfrom3.9percentofGDPin2007to4.7percentofGDPin20011.Theincreasefrom2007to2011wasproptionallylarger

16、butbothincreaseswerethesameintermsofthepercentagepointincrease.8.a.Ftheyears1997to2001theabsolutechangeinfederalexpenditureswas$261.7billion[$1862.8$1601.2billion]thechangeinfederalexpendituresinrealterms(2001dollars)was

17、$146.26billion[inflationrate=(90.72784.628)84.628=7.21%$1862billion–$1601(10.0721)=$146.26billion]thechangeinrealgovernmentexpenditurespercapitawas$241.26[realgovernmentexpenditurespercapitain1997(2001dollars):$1601.1(11