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1、THERISEOFTHENOVELStudiesinDefoeRidsonFieldingbyIANWATTUNIVERSITYOFCALIFNIAPRESSBerkeleyLosAngeles3CONTENTSPrefacePage7IRealismthenovelfm9IIThereadingpublictheriseofthenovel35IIIRobinsonCrusoeindividualismthenovel60IVDefo

2、easnovelist:MollFlers93VLovethenovel:Pamela135VIPrivateexperiencethenovel174VIIRidsonasnovelist:Clarissa208VIIIFieldingtheepictheyofthenovel239IXFieldingasnovelist:TomJones260XRealismthelatertradition:anote290Index3035AB

3、BREVIATIONSUSEDELHJournalofEnglishLiteraryHistyHLQHuntingtonLibraryQuarterlyJEGPJournalofEnglishGermanicPhilologyJ.Comp.PsychologyJournalofComparativePsychologyMLNModernLanguageNotesMLRModernLanguageReviewMPModernPhilolo

4、gyNespeciallytoJohnButtEdwardHookerGegeSherburnwhosejudiciousencouragementcombinedwithunanswerablecriticismhavesavedmefromavarietyofillcourses.I.P.W.UniversiyofCalifniaBerkeley.February19568CHAPTERIRealismtheNovelFmTHERE

5、arestillnowhollysatisfactyanswerstomanyofthegeneralquestionswhichanyoneinterestedintheearlyeighteenthcenturynoveliststheirwksislikelytoask:IsthenovelanewliteraryfmifweassumeasiscommonlydonethatitisthatitwasbegunbyDefoeRi

6、dsonFieldinghowdoesitdifferfromtheprosefictionofthepastfromthatofGreecefexamplethatofthedleAgesofseventeenthcenturyFranceisthereanyreasonwhythesedifferencesappearedwhenwheretheydidSuchlargequestionsarenevereasytoapproach

7、muchlesstoanswertheyareparticularlydifficultinthiscasebecauseDefoeRidsonFieldingdonotintheusualsenseconstitutealiteraryschool.Indeedtheirwksshowsolittlesignofmutualinfluencearesodifferentinnaturethatatfirstsightitappears

8、thatourcuriosityabouttheriseofthenovelisunlikelytofindanysatisfactionotherthanthemeagreoneaffdedbythetermsgeniusaccidentthetwinfacesontheJanusofthedeadendsofliteraryhisty.Wecannotofcoursedowithoutthem:ontheotherhthereisn

9、otmuchwecandowiththem.Thepresentinquirytherefetakesanotherdirection:assumingthattheappearanceofourfirstthreenovelistswithinasinglegenerationwasprobablynotsheeraccidentthattheirgeniusescouldnothavecreatedthenewfmunlessthe

10、conditionsofthetimehadalsobeenfavourableitattemptstodiscoverwhatthesefavourableconditionsintheliterarysocialsituationwereinwhatwaysDefoeRidsonFieldingwereitsbeneficiaries.Fthisinvestigationourfirstneedisawkingdefinitiono

11、ftheacteristicsofthenoveladefinitionsufficientlynarrowtoexcludeprevioustypesofnarrativeyetbroadenoughtoapplytowhateverisusuallyputinthenovelcategy.Thenoveliststhemselvesdonothelpusverymuchhere.ItistruethatbothRidsonField

12、ingsawthemselvesasfoundersofanewkindofwritingthatbothviewedtheirwkas9involvingabreakwiththeoldfashionedromancesbutneithertheyntheircontempariesprovideuswiththekindofacterisationofthenewgenrethatweneedindeedtheydidnoteven

13、canonisethechangednatureoftheirfictionbyachangeinnomenclatureourusageofthetermnovelwasnotfullyestablisheduntiltheendoftheeighteenthcentury.Withthehelpoftheirlargerperspectivethehistiansofthenovelhavebeenabletodomuchmetod

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