英語語法教學方法的思考

1、英語語法教學方法的思考,,一、英語語法的基本概念,二、語法與語言的關系,三、語法與母語學習,四、語法與外語教學,五、語法教學與語言能力的培養(yǎng),六、語法知識的檢測與語言能力 的測試,一、英語語法的基本概念,Oxford Advanced Learner’s dictionaryOf Current English says: Grammar is the study of science of or rules f

2、or the combination of words into sentences (syntax), and the forms of words (morphology),Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English says: Grammar is the study or use of the rules by which words change their forms an

3、d are combined into sentences.,The Random House College Dictionarysays: the study of the formal features of a language, as the sounds, words, or sentences,現(xiàn)代漢語詞典：語言的結構方式，包括詞的構成和變化、詞組和句子的組織。詞海：語言的結構規(guī)律，包括詞法和句法。語法是

4、人類思維長期抽象化的工作成果，是思維的巨大成就的標志。,二、語法與語言的關系,1、語法是研究語言結構的規(guī)律。研究詞形變化的部分叫做詞法(morphology)，名詞的性、數(shù)、格和動詞的時態(tài)、語態(tài)、語氣等；研究句子結構的部分叫做句法(syntax)，如句子的成分、語序以及句子的種類等。,2、語法是具體語言事實的概括。語法家認為，語法最重要的性質(zhì)就是概括性，所有的語法規(guī)則都是從大量的具體語言事實中抽象地概括而來的。,三、

5、語法與母語學習,就母語而言，語法規(guī)則是在語言的運用中習得而成的。即使不懂語法，也不學語法，英美人都能說出標準的英語句子來, 而不犯語法錯誤；我們中國人也是如此。（這里說的不懂語法, 指的是不會用語法術語去解釋語言現(xiàn)象。）,1、習得(acquisition)與學得(learning) 習得是指幼兒在非教學條件下主動地獲得母語的過程。學得是人習得母語之后有意識、通常是在教學環(huán)境里學得的第二外語的過程。,2、母語的習

6、得不需要語法的支撐。,1）有研究資料料表明，在美國出生的 幼兒到了五歲習得了全部的英語發(fā) 音，掌握了基本的語法，用于交際 的詞匯量也多達2200多個；還能分 辨常用詞語的歧義并能進行得體地 交際。到了5-10歲，他們的語音和 語法已無多大進展。,不斷地觀察、試探、修正，接近完整，最終說出正確的表達。,No want some food.,I no want som

7、e food.,I don’t want no food.,I don’t want any food.,Child: Nobody don’t like me.Mother: No, say “Nobody likes me.” Child: Nobody don’t like me.Mother: Now listen carefully, say “Nobody likes me.”

8、 Child: Oh, nobody don’t likes me.,幼兒會按照自己的認識過程來習得語言的正確表達，表層的糾錯是不起作用的。,2） 19世紀末，一位法國語言教師F·Guoin 到德國漢堡學德語。他以為學習德語的 捷徑無過于掌握語法。于是，他花了10 天的時間，強記了大量的語法規(guī)則和不 規(guī)則動詞，然后到學校去聽課，結果一 句話也聽不懂。,Practice makes per

9、fect.,Helen Keller and her teacher Ann Sullivan,Helen Keller: (1880~1968),The Story of My Life,Ann Sullivan: (1886~1936),,3）海倫·凱勒（Helen Keller）的奇跡,1. She was born healthy.,2. When she was only 19 months

10、 old, she became blind and deaf.,3. She lived in a world of darkness and silence.,4. She was like a wild animal when Ann Sullivan came.,7. She began a new life---she was able to communicate with other

11、 people by writing into her hand,8. She was able to finish her college education with her teacher.,9. She even learnt to speak English and gave speeches to college students.,1) What were the first words you

12、 learned to say?,2) What were the first sentences you learned to say?,3) How old were you when you wrote your first composition?,4）我們學習漢語的基本過程,4) How many Chinese textbooks have you ever read/learned?,new

13、spapers,,magazines,,novels,,poems,5) How many Chinese films/TV plays have you ever seen?,6) When did you first learn Chinese grammar?,7) Do you often think of grammar when you speak Chinese and write in

14、 Chinese?,8) Do you often pay attention to your grammar when you communicate with other people?,9) Will you be understood when you make a grammar mistake?,10) What do you think of grammar very import

15、ant or not so important?,Conclusion: English grammar is not always very important.,,四、語法與外語教學,英語作為一門外語是一種交際工具，為了交際而掌握運用英語的能力才是我們英語教學的最基本的目的。,1、習得與學得的比較：,習得:潛意識無正規(guī)講授無計劃無教材自然環(huán)境,學得:有意識有講

16、授有計劃有教材無自然環(huán)境,2）學得與否決定于學生的需要和動機。 幼兒習得母語的主動性和積極性來自 說話的需要，這是一種本能的需要。 學習外語的中學生卻難于具有同等的 主動性和積極性，即使有較高的學習 英語的主動性和積極性也不容易持久。 所以在教英語課時，特別是在講授英 語語法的時候，我們應該多種不同的 教學方法來激發(fā)、培養(yǎng)和保護學生學

17、 習英語的主動性和積極性。,3）學得與否取定于是由教學決定的。 幼兒的母語習得是直接的認識過 程，它來自生活的語言環(huán)境。而 我們學生的英語學得來自于英語 的教學過程，其中包括教材的質(zhì) 量、教學思想、教師的教學水平、 教學方式、教學手段等因素，當 然，語法教學也包含在內(nèi)。,,4）學得的質(zhì)量取決于語言環(huán)境。 幼兒習得母語有著理想的語言

18、 環(huán)境，而外語的學得則是在非 目的的語言環(huán)中進行的。,2、“習得+學得”是英語教學的關鍵所在。,1）有計劃地學得與無計劃的習得相結合。,2）使英語的課堂教學交際化,3）重視感情投入，建立師生之間的平等合 作關系，提高學生的主體意識，寓樂于 學，以增強他們學習英語的目的性和主 動性。,3、在英語教學中，一些值得 我們思考的現(xiàn)象：,①把英語當作一門知識學科來講授。,②在教

19、學研討中回避英語語法。,③學生把語法知識的學習當作學習 英語的最重要的環(huán)節(jié),④交替使用漢語和英語進行英語教學,五、語法教學與語言能力的培養(yǎng),語法教學應與英語的實際運用相結合。在英語語法教學中我們應該盡可能地營造比較真實而又生動的語言環(huán)境和情景，讓學生在語言的交際活動中來提高語言能力，從而更好地理解和掌握語法規(guī)則。孤立地給學生講授繁雜多變的語法規(guī)則，只能提高他們解題的能力，而不能提高他們學習英語的興趣和積極性，也達不

20、到提高他們語言能力的目的。,1、關于特殊疑問句,What’s this/that?,Whose pen is this?,Get your students to think and say.,2、關于被動語態(tài),This morning after waking up at6:30,,my clothes were put on.,In the washroom, my teeth were brushed,and my face

21、 was washed.,At 7:00, my breakfast was eaten.,This morning after waking up at6:30,,I put on my clothes. In thewashroom I brushed my teeth,and washed my face.,At 7:00, I ate my breakfast.,3、關于虛擬語氣,I wish I were a bird.

22、,I would certainly go if I had the time.,Do I have time now?,Can I go now?,I would very much to go but I don’t have the time.,He’d have caught the train if hehad left home a bit earlier.,Did he catch the train?,Why did

23、n’t he catch the train?,He missed the train because he lefthome too late.,If it had not been for Peter, we would have lost the game.,Did we win the game? Why?,What does this sentence mean?,Peter played a very importan

24、t role in the match.,Peter played very well in the match.,,4、關于定語從句,Who is the boy that is the tallest in our class?,Who is the student that has a twinsister?,Who is the teacher that wears thickglasses?,What is a tea

25、cher?A teacher is a person that/who teaches.,What is a math/physics teacher?,What is a driver?,A driver is a person that/who drives.,What is a bus-driver/taxi?,A bus-driver is a person that/whodrives a bus/taxi.,What i

26、s a school?A school is a place where students study.,What is a library?,A library is a building where peoplecan borrow or read books.,What is a super-market?,A super-market is a place/shop wherepeople can buy all kind

27、s or things.,5、關于詞語和短語,1）no+比較級,Tom is a very tall boy and his brotheris no shorter.,Some people think Mr. Bush is a bad guy, but Sadam is no better.,“My English is no better than yours.”,2）used to do sth.,Lin Fen used

28、 to be a good boy.,Mr. Huang used to be very thin.,Did you use to get up early last year?,I didn’t use to get up early last year.,Mrs. Jones used to be very beautiful.,3）Eating grass, I saw some cows.,Do you eat grass, a

29、nyway?,How can you make the sentence correct?,Being a good girl, her father sent herto school.,Being a good girl, she was sent to schoolby her father.,She being a good girl, her father sent herto school.,4）send ...doi

30、ng,One blow would send you flying.,Do you know Mike Tyson?He is one most powerful boxers in theUSA.,What would happen if he had a matchwith Mike Tyson?,Who is the strongest in your class?,One blow would send you to ho

31、spital.,六、語法知識的檢測與語言能力的測試,1、關于單項填空,2、關于完形填空,3、關于口語能力與高考寫作能力,1、關于單項填空,高考中多數(shù)的單項填空題都是考察學生運用英語的能力，而不是單獨考察學生的語法規(guī)則。,例一：--I’m taking my driving test tomorrow.--______! (2002NMET)A. Cheers B. Good luckC.

32、Come on D. Congratulations,B,例二：John shut everybody out of the kitchen____ he could prepare his grand surprisefor the party. (2002NMET)A. which B. when C. so that

33、 C. as if,Why did John shut everybody out of the kitchen?,He wanted to give people a big surprise.,C,例三：The taxi driver often reminds passengersto ____ their belongings when they leavethe car. (2002NMET)A. keep

34、 B. catch C. hold D. take,You are leaving for work and find it’s raining. What will you do ?,Do you think you’ll take some moneywith you if you go shopping?,D,七、結論,語法規(guī)則來自語言的運用和交流，語法知識的獲得也是來自語言的實踐。我們英語語法的教學必須與