新標(biāo)準(zhǔn)大學(xué)英語綜合教程3單元一language-in-use

1、Language in Use,1 Find more examples of each use of hyphens in the passage We are all dying.,2 Rewrite the phrases using compound adjectives,3 Rewrite the sentences using It’s what / how … that …,4 Rewrite the sentences

2、using It is / was not just that … but …,5 Read the explanations of the words. Answer the questions.,6 Translate the paragraphs into Chinese.,7 Translate the paragraphs into English.,1 Look at the sentences from the passa

3、ges. But most people were either looking to continue their studies, or to make a living with a white-collar job in a bank … After all, we never quite know when the hooded, scythe-carrying, bringer-of-the-last-

4、breath might come-a-calling. The novel that you want to write, the trip to the Grand Canyon you've always planned to take, your mind's-eye dream-job, the West End play you want to direct – you have to do them

5、 now.,Language in Use,Language in Use,Compound words are usually connected by hyphens. The hyphens can be used in different ways. These include:in compound adjectives, such as white-collar job in compound nouns, such

6、as dream-job in longer phrases, when the writer wants to draw attention to the individual words, such as bringer-of-the-last-breath. This use is not common in everyday English.,Find more examples of each use of hyphens

7、in the passage We are all dying .I’ve double- and triple-checked it. (compound verb)budding crypt-kickers (compound noun)a rear-view mirror (compound adjective)the once-a-year holiday to Florida or Spain (compound ad

8、jective)back-burner stuff (compound adjective)standing at the corner of the Co-op (compound noun)a sepia-coloured relative that no one can put a name to (compound adjective),Language in Use,2 Rewrite the phrases using

9、 compound adjectives.1 a party which is held late at night a late-night party2 a library which is well stocked a well-stocked library3 a professor who is world famous a world-famous professor4 some advice w

10、hich is well timed some well-timed advice,Language in Use,5 a population which is growing rapidly a rapidly-growing population6 an economy which is based on free market a free-market economy7 a boat trip wh

11、ich lasts for half an hour a half-hour boat trip,Language in Use,3 Look at the sentence. Where our lives may lead is determined by the things we do with our time and the way we invest it.You can rewrite it li

12、ke this: It’s just what we do with our time, how we invest it, that determines where our lives may lead.,Language in Use,Rewrite the sentences using It’s what / how … that …1 What other people think of us is dete

13、rmined by how we behave. It’s how we behave that determines what other people think of us.2 What sort of job we are going to end up doing is usually determined by our character. It’s what our character is that

14、 usually determines what sort of job we are going to end up doing.,Language in Use,3 What we do as a career isn’t always determined by the marks we get at university. It isn’t always what marks we get at university

15、that determine what we do as a career.4 How we react to life’s problems is often determined by our childhood experiences. It is often what we experienced in our childhood that determines how we react to life’s prob

16、lems.5 When we die is determined by our genetic clock, and the changes we make to it. It’s what our genetic clock is and what changes we make to it that determine when we die.,Language in Use,4 Look at the sentence

17、. Not only did they crawl into such an obvious trap, it also seemed as if they couldn’t be bothered to crawl out again.You can rewrite it like this: It wasn’t just that they crawled into such an obvious tr

18、ap, but it seemed as if they couldn’t be bothered to crawl out again.,Language in Use,Rewrite the sentences using It is / was not just that … but …1 Not only were the shops all closed for Thanksgiving, there was also no

19、 one in the streets. It wasn’t just that the shops were all closed for Thanksgiving, but there was no one in the streets.2 Not only did she spend all her time at college going to parties, she also took the time to

20、gain a first-class degree. It wasn’t just that she spent all her time at college going to parties, but she took the time to gain a firstclass degree.,Language in Use,3 Not only were they not listening to what he sai

21、d, it also seemed as if they weren’t at all interested. It wasn’t just that they weren’t listening to what he said, but it seemed as if they weren’t at all interested.4 Not only was I upset, I also felt as if I was

22、 going to burst out crying. It wasn’t just that I was upset, but I felt as if I was going to burst out crying.5 Not only was the Grim Reaper intended to frighten people, it was also a figure of fun. It wasn’t

23、just that the Grim Reaper was intended to frighten people, but it was also a figure of fun.,Language in Use,5 Read the explanations of the words. Answer the questions.1 settle When you settle somewhere you go there to s

24、tay.(a) Where is dust likely to settle in a room? On the surfaces that aren’t used very often or aren’t cleaned.(b) If you settle an argument, is the conclusion satisfactory? Yes, it is, because the disagre

25、ement is solved and each party is satisfied with the outcome.,Language in Use,(c) If you settle the bill, what is there left to pay? Nothing, because you have paid everything that is owed.(d) What do you do when y

26、ou settle back to watch a film? We relax in a comfortable chair and enjoy it.,Language in Use,2 smooth This word can mean flat or soft, comfortable, easy or confident.(a) If the sea is smooth, are you likely to fe

27、el seasick? No, because the sea is calm. We will feel seasick if it is rough.(b) If a changeover from one government to the next is smooth, are there lots of problems? No, because the changeover has gone wel

28、l, without difficulties.(c) Is it a good idea to trust a smooth talker? Not necessarily, because some people who talk confidently like that do so to trick you, like a confidence trickster or conman.,Language in Us

29、e,3 offer This word can refer to something you would like someone to take, something someone gives, or something that is for sale.(a) If you decline an offer, do you say “yes” or “no”? We say “no”, because we are

30、refusing it.(b) If you offer an apology to someone for something you have done, what do you say? We should say, “I apologize” or “I’m sorry”.,Language in Use,(c) Where are you likely to see special offer?

31、In a shop, because the shop is offering a special price or reduction for something.(d) If someone has a lot to offer, what kind of person are they? They are intelligent, talented, gifted or creative and they will

32、bring these kinds of qualities to their work.,Language in Use,4 bear If you bear something you carry or bring it. If you cannot bear something, you dislike it or cannot accept it.(a) If you bear something in mind, do yo

33、u forget it? No, we will remember it and consider it for a particular occasion in future.(b) If you bear a resemblance to someone, in what way are you like them? We look similar in certain physical features.

34、(c) Is there anything you can’t bear to think about? I can’t bear to think too much about some of the problems in the world, famine, war, poverty etc. In the modern world, why don’t we just solve them?,Language in

35、 Use,5 resistance This word can refer to the refusal to accept something new, the ability not to be harmed by something, or opposition to someone or something.(a) If there is resistance to an idea, do people accept it?

36、 No, not easily. They refuse to accept the idea maybe because it’s just a bad idea, or they may change their mind if they understand it better.,Language in Use,(b) If the soldiers met with resistance, what happened?

37、 The soldiers met opposition from those they were fighting against.(c) Is there a way to build up your resistance to cold? Yes, we can keep ourselves as healthy as possible with a good diet and getting enough

38、 exercise so that we are less likely to catch a cold, or if we do get one, we won’t suffer so badly.,Language in Use,6 Translate the paragraphs into Chinese.1 We all sensed we were coming to the end of our stay here, th

39、at we would never get a chance like this again, and we became determined not to waste it. Most important of course were the final exams in April and May in the following year. No one wanted the humiliation of finishing l

40、ast in class, so the peer group pressure to work hard was strong. Libraries which were once empty after five o’clock in the afternoon were standing room only until the early hours of the morning, and guys wore the bags u

41、nder their eyes and their pale, sleepy faces with pride, like medals proving their diligence.,Language in Use,(? and guys wore the bags under their eyes and their pale, sleepy faces with pride … 這句的動(dòng)詞wear 后面帶兩個(gè)賓語，中文找不到能帶

42、這兩個(gè)賓語的動(dòng)詞，故處理成四個(gè)中文短句；翻譯like medals proving their diligence時(shí)，采用“增詞法”增加“這些”來概括前面所描寫的“眼袋”，“臉色蒼白”，“睡眼惺忪”等，使譯文含義更加清晰流暢。) 我們都覺得在校時(shí)間不多了，以后再也不會(huì)有這樣的學(xué)習(xí)機(jī)會(huì)了，所以都下定決心不再虛度光陰。當(dāng)然，下一年四五月份的期末考試最為重要。我們誰都不想考全班倒數(shù)第一，那也太丟人了，因此同學(xué)們之間的競爭壓力特別大。以前每

43、天下午五點(diǎn)以后，圖書館就空無一人了，現(xiàn)在卻要等到天快亮?xí)r才會(huì)有空座，小伙子們熬夜熬出了眼袋，他們臉色蒼白，睡眼惺忪，卻很自豪，好像這些都是表彰他們勤奮好學(xué)的獎(jiǎng)?wù)隆?Language in Use,2 Tomorrow? It’s all a lie; there isn’t a tomorrow. There’s only a promissory note that we are often not in a position to

44、 cash. It doesn’t even exist. When you wake up in the morning it’ll be today again and all the same rules will apply. Tomorrow is just another version of now, an empty field that will remain so unless we start planting s

45、ome seeds. Your time, which is ticking away as we speak (at about 60 seconds a minute chronologically; a bit faster if you don’t invest your time wisely), will be gone and you’ll have nothing to show for it but regret an

46、d a rear-view mirror full of “could haves”, “should haves” and “would haves”.,Language in Use,(? 本段的難點(diǎn)在于對(duì)一些詞的理解與翻譯，如 an empty field that will remain so, chronologically, invest your time wisely, have nothing to show for

47、it but 等等?！癱ould haves”, “should haves”, “would haves” 是表達(dá)與事實(shí)相反的條件句，指自己沒有做，但有可能或應(yīng)該做的事情。) 明天行嗎？明天只是個(gè)謊言；根本就沒有什么明天，只有一張我們常常無法兌現(xiàn)的期票。明天甚至壓根兒就不存在。你早上醒來時(shí)又是另一個(gè)今天了，同樣的規(guī)則又可以全部套用。明天只是現(xiàn)在的另一種說法，是一塊空地，除非我們開始在那里播種，否則它永遠(yuǎn)都是空地。你的時(shí)間

48、會(huì)流逝（時(shí)間就在我們說話的當(dāng)下嘀嗒嘀塔地走著，每分鐘順時(shí)針走60秒，如果你不能很好地利用它，它會(huì)走得更快些），而你沒有取得任何成就來證明它的存在，唯獨(dú)留下遺憾，留下一面后視鏡，上面寫滿了“本可以做”、“本應(yīng)該做”、“本來會(huì)做”的事情。,Language in Use,7 Translate the paragraphs into English.1 對(duì)于是否應(yīng)該在大學(xué)期間詳細(xì)規(guī)劃自己的未來，學(xué)生們意見不一。有的人認(rèn)為對(duì)未來應(yīng)該有一

49、個(gè)明確的目標(biāo)和詳細(xì)的計(jì)劃，為日后可能遇到的挑戰(zhàn)做好充分的準(zhǔn)備；有的人則認(rèn)為不用過多考慮未來，因?yàn)槲磥黼y以預(yù)料。(map out; brace oneself for; uncertainty) Students differ about whether they should have their future mapped out when they are still at university. Some think t

50、hey should have a definite goal and detailed plan, so as to brace themselves for any challenges, whereas some others think they don’t have to think much about the future, because future is full of uncertainties.,Language

51、 in Use,2 經(jīng)過仔細(xì)檢查，這位科學(xué)家得知自己患了絕癥。雖然知道自己將不久于人世，他并沒有抱怨命運(yùn)的不公，而是準(zhǔn)備好好利用剩下的日子，爭取加速推進(jìn)由他和同事們共同發(fā)起的那個(gè)研究項(xiàng)目，以提前結(jié)項(xiàng)。(tick away; make the best of; have a shot at) After a very careful check-up, the scientist was told he had got a

52、 fatal disease. Although he knew that his life was ticking away, instead of complaining about the fate, the scientist decided to make the best of the remaining days, and speed up the research project he and his colleague