八年級(jí)英語(yǔ)language-in-use課件9

1、Education,Module 4,Unit 3,Language in use,,,Grammar,現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)(3),要表達(dá)某一行為或某一狀態(tài)從過(guò)去某一時(shí)間一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，我們可用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表達(dá)。如：I have lived in Beijing for 10 years.我在北京住了10年了。I have studied English for four years.我學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)已經(jīng)四年了。I have been in t

2、his school since 2000.從2000年起我就一直在這所學(xué)校。,I have lived here since my childhood.我從小就一直住在這里。從以上例句可以看出，在表示行為或狀態(tài)從過(guò)去一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在時(shí)，要加表示一段時(shí)間的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，常用的是for或since引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)。注意，for后接一段時(shí)間，如for a long time, for 10 years等等，而since后接時(shí)間點(diǎn)，如sin

3、ce August 2003, since yesterday, since two o’clock等。,在提問(wèn)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)時(shí)通常用how long，如對(duì)上面的句子可以這樣提問(wèn)How long have you lived in Beijing?你在北京住多久了？How long have you studied English?你學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)多久了？How long have you been in this schoo

4、l?你在這所學(xué)校待多久了？How long have you lived here?你在這里住多久了？,注意： 在表示某一行為或狀態(tài)持續(xù)多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間時(shí)，根據(jù)終止時(shí)間的不同，時(shí)態(tài)的使用是不同的。如：I stayed in the hotel for a week last summer.去年夏天我在這個(gè)旅館住了一周。 “住旅館”是去年夏天的事情，故用一般過(guò)去時(shí)；,I have stayed in the hotel

5、 for a week by now.到現(xiàn)在為止，我已經(jīng)在這個(gè)旅館住了一周了。表示到現(xiàn)在為止已經(jīng)住了一周，故用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。I will stay in the hotel for a week next month.下個(gè)月我會(huì)在這個(gè)旅館住上一周。是下個(gè)月將要發(fā)生的事情，故用將來(lái)時(shí)。,同學(xué)們要注意，在現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的句子中，點(diǎn)動(dòng)詞（終止性動(dòng)詞）一般不能與表示延續(xù)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。試比較：湯姆已經(jīng)來(lái)了兩小時(shí)了。(×)T

6、om has come for two hours. (√)Tom has been here for two hours.,延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞,buy have leave be away (from) borrow keep join be in /be a member ofcome to / get to / reach

7、 / arrive (in/at )/ move to be (in) / stay (in/at ),,,,,,但如果現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是點(diǎn)動(dòng)詞的否定形式，則一般可以和表示一段時(shí)間的for短語(yǔ)連用。如：My parents haven’t seen me for two years.我的父母兩年沒(méi)見(jiàn)到我了。,同學(xué)們要注意現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過(guò)去時(shí)的區(qū)別。雖然這兩個(gè)時(shí)態(tài)都和過(guò)去發(fā)生的事情有關(guān)，但是現(xiàn)在完成

8、時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)這一動(dòng)作與現(xiàn)在的關(guān)系，如對(duì)現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果、影響等，而一般過(guò)去時(shí)只表示過(guò)去的事實(shí)，不表示和現(xiàn)在的關(guān)系。,現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過(guò)去時(shí),I have just been to London. I went there last month.我剛?cè)ミ^(guò)倫敦，是上個(gè)月去的。I have already finished my homework. I finished it an hour ago.我已經(jīng)寫完作業(yè)了，我是一個(gè)小時(shí)之前寫完的。,

9、在沒(méi)有明確的過(guò)去時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，如何判斷該用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)還是一般過(guò)去時(shí)呢？判斷的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是看該行為是否對(duì)現(xiàn)在有影響，也就是說(shuō)該句所強(qiáng)調(diào)的是什么。試看以下各例：,A: Where have you put my book? 你把我的書放在哪兒了？B: I put it on your desk, but I don’t know why it is not there now. 我放在你的書桌上了，可我不

10、知道 為什么現(xiàn)在書不在哪兒。 當(dāng) A 問(wèn)對(duì)方把自己的書放在何處時(shí)， 是想知道書現(xiàn)在在什么地方，他感興 趣的是現(xiàn)在的結(jié)果，因此用現(xiàn)在完成 時(shí)。,B: I put it on your desk, but I don’t know why it is not there now. 我放在你的書桌上了，可我不知道 為什么現(xiàn)在書不在哪兒。 但是 B 回答時(shí)清楚

11、地說(shuō)不知道為什 么書不在自己放的地方, 由此來(lái)看， 說(shuō)把書放在課桌上只是說(shuō)明當(dāng)時(shí)的 位置，并不強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響，所 以用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。,再看以下各句： A: Have another piece, please. 再來(lái)一塊吧。B: Thank you. I’ve had enough. 謝謝。我已經(jīng)飽了。A: Would you like to go an

12、d see the film with me tonight? 你今晚想和我一起去看電影嗎？B: Thank you very much, but I have seen it already. 謝謝，我已經(jīng)看過(guò)了。,以上兩組對(duì)話中的現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)都表示對(duì)結(jié)果的強(qiáng)調(diào)，即吃飽了，所以不想再吃了；電影看過(guò)了，所以不想再看了。,,課堂小測(cè)驗(yàn),Individual activity,I. 用所給單

13、詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。,1. I ______ (visit) the Great Wall two years ago.2. -____ he ____ (be) to New York? -No, he __________ (not be) there yet.3. My father ____ just _____ (come) back from work.4. -Where’s Li Ming? -

14、 He ________ (go) to the teacher’s office.,visited,Has,been,hasn’t been,has,come,has gone,5. So far I __________ (make) quite a few friends here.6. ____ she ____(buy) a present yesterday?7. -How long ____ the

15、 Wangs ______(stay) here? - For two weeks.8. I ____________ (work) here since I _______(move) here in 2000.,have made,Did,buy,have,stayed,have worked,moved,Lucy’s father has worked here for n_____ ten year

16、s.2. L_____, the doctor saved the girl’s life.3. Mary often took c___ of her little sister when her parents were on business.4. The teacher is _______ (指著) at the map on the wall and pointing out Paris on

17、 it.5. Eating fruit every day is good for our ______ (健康).,II. 根據(jù)句意及首字母或漢語(yǔ)提示完成單詞。,early,uckily,are,pointing,health,Most people in China _______________ Project Hope and have given money. 2. The old man h

18、as taken ______ medicine and he is getting better and better.3. How long have you known those ___________?4. He’s given concerts ____________ and the tickets have always sold out.5. Don’t worry! I’m sure you

19、 ________________ your classmates if you are kind and friendly to them.,a little, get on well with, head master, all over China, hear about,III. 從方框中選擇適當(dāng)?shù)脑~組，并用其 正確形式完成句子。,have heard about,head masters,al

20、l over China,will get on well with,a little,1. — How long have you learned English? — ___ ten years.2. He has studied very hard _____ he came to our school.3. Mary has worked at Beijing International S

21、chool s____ 2004.,IV. 用 since 和 for 完成句子。,For,since,ince,4. You haven’t come to see me ___ two months. 5. You shouldn’t keep me waiting for you ___ a long time. 6. Project Hope has built many schools

22、 all over China _____ 1989.,for,for,since,Homework,Review the grammar focus we have learned in this module.,Thank you!,； http://m.miaoshuba.com/5_5268/ 我的姐姐是大明星 stz08qus 是在‘割虎皮被子’啊，盡是說(shuō)一些沒(méi)有可能的事情！你們耿伯伯要是知道自己的老家在哪

23、里，還會(huì)把你們兄妹三個(gè)認(rèn)成了他自己的娃兒們，還會(huì)一直住在咱們家嗎？”聽爹這么一說(shuō)，尚武反而顯得萬(wàn)分不舍了，有些難過(guò)地說(shuō)：“我可不想讓耿伯伯走，我要他永遠(yuǎn)住在咱們家里！”李妻卻幽憂地說(shuō)：“唉，也不知道他除了已經(jīng)沒(méi)了的三個(gè)娃兒之外，家里可還有些什么人。倘若家里還有妻子兒女，這天各一方不得團(tuán)圓，可憐了啊！”李長(zhǎng)善重重地嘆了一口氣，說(shuō)：“唉，這是沒(méi)有法子的事情??！看來(lái)，這個(gè)耿大哥也只能認(rèn)命了！”李妻探頭望望依然還在院子南面認(rèn)真做拐杖的耿老爹，說(shuō)

24、：“你們看，他盡管忘記了那么多既往的事情，但眼下在咱們家里過(guò)得還滿安逸呢！我只是當(dāng)心，他哪一天忽然提出來(lái)要帶‘他的三個(gè)娃兒’再出去創(chuàng)業(yè)可怎么辦啊？”李長(zhǎng)善卻說(shuō)：“這倒好辦，就說(shuō)‘他們父子四人’在咱們家白住了這么多年，他們不能一走了之不就得了！”尚文也說(shuō)：“爹說(shuō)得對(duì)！我相信，只要爹和娘這么說(shuō)了，耿伯伯他自然就不會(huì)再堅(jiān)持帶我們走的。他是一個(gè)很知道感恩的人呢！”尚武心疼地輕輕說(shuō)：“唉，我那可憐的‘爹’?。　崩铋L(zhǎng)善看看該吩咐的都吩咐完了，就對(duì)三

25、個(gè)娃兒說(shuō)：“你們都去打個(gè)盹兒吧，起晌了還得下地干活兒呢！唉，我這腰腿啊，什么時(shí)候才能好呢！”又憐愛(ài)地摸摸小兒子的頭，說(shuō)：“武兒，你去告訴“爹”一聲，叫他也去歇息一會(huì)兒。拐杖不著急，以后慢慢做吧！”71第七十一回 辛苦經(jīng)營(yíng)喜成功|（兄妹三人忙不轉(zhuǎn)，雇傭鄰人做幫工；沒(méi)日沒(méi)夜苦經(jīng)營(yíng)，“南北小飯莊”利潤(rùn)豐。）隨著來(lái)“南北小飯莊”吃飯買飯的人越來(lái)越多，盡管凈收入也在翻著倍兒增長(zhǎng)，但耿正兄妹三人卻實(shí)在是有些忙不過(guò)來(lái)了。他們已經(jīng)把所有的閑暇時(shí)間幾乎全

26、都用在了包餃子上，并且每日里都是起早睡晚的，但濃香四溢的大水餃還是每每供不應(yīng)求。此外，推貓耳朵也成了一個(gè)很大的負(fù)擔(dān)。于是，兄妹三人商議，必須得聘請(qǐng)幾個(gè)會(huì)干活兒，也能夠幫得上忙的人了。聘請(qǐng)誰(shuí)呢？兄妹三人有點(diǎn)兒犯難了。那日中午送走最后一名來(lái)吃飯的客人后，兄妹三人開始自己拾掇著吃午飯了。當(dāng)他們有些疲憊地各自端起飯碗時(shí)，耿正又提起雇傭幫工的事情來(lái)。耿直對(duì)姐姐說(shuō)：“姐，咱哥說(shuō)得對(duì)，必須得雇幾個(gè)人了。再這么下去，咱們就是累死了，也沒(méi)有用啊！”耿正說(shuō)