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1、Designation:D5195?14StardTestMethodfDensityofSoilRockInPlaceatDepthsBelowSurfacebyNuclearMethods1ThisstardisissuedunderthefixeddesignationD5195thenumberimmediatelyfollowingthedesignationindicatestheyearofiginaladoptionin

2、thecaseofrevisiontheyearoflastrevision.Anumberinparenthesesindicatestheyearoflastreapproval.Asuperepsilon()indicatesaneditialchangesincethelastrevisionreapproval.1.Scope1.1Thistestmethodcoversthecalculationofthedensityof

3、soilrockbytheattenuationofgammaradiationwherethegammasourcethegammadetectareplacedatthedesireddepthinabedholelinedbyanaccesstube.1.1.1FlimitationsseeSection5onInterference.1.2Thedensityinmassperunitvolumeofthematerialund

4、ertestiscalculatedbycomparingthedetectedrateofgammaradiationwithpreviouslyestablishedcalibrationdata(seeAnnexA1).1.3Aprecisionstatementhasnotbeendevelopedfthisstardatthistime.Therefethisstardshouldnotbeusedfacceptancerej

5、ectionofamaterialfpurchasingpurposesunlesscrelatedtootheracceptedASTMstards.1.4Units—ThevaluesstatedinSIunitsareregardedasthestard.Theinchpoundunitsgiveninparenthesesarefinfmationonlymaybeapproximate.1.5Allobservedcalcul

6、atedvaluesshallconfmtotheguidefsignificantdigitsroundingestablishedinPracticeD6026.1.5.1Theproceduresusedtospecifyhowdataarecollectedrecdedcalculatedinthisstardareregardedastheindustrystard.Inadditiontheyarerepresentativ

7、eofthesignificantdigitsthatshouldgenerallyberetained.Theproceduresuseddonotconsidermaterialvariationpurposefobtainingthedataspecialpurposestudiesanyconsiderationsftheuser’sobjectivesitiscommonpracticetoincreasereducesign

8、ificantdigitsofrepteddatatobecommensuratewiththeseconsiderations.Itisbeyondthescopeofthisstardtoconsidersignificantdigitsusedinanalysismethodsfengineeringdesign.1.6Thisstarddoesnotpurpttoaddressallofthesafetyconcernsifan

9、yassociatedwithitsuse.Itistheresponsibilityoftheuserofthisstardtoestablishappropriatesafetyhealthpracticesdeterminetheapplicabilityofregulatylimitationspritouse.SpecificprecautionarystatementsaregiveninSection7“Hazards.”

10、2.ReferencedDocuments2.1ASTMStards:2D653TerminologyRelatingtoSoilRockContainedFluidsD1452PracticefSoilExplationSamplingbyAugerBings3D1587PracticefThinWalledTubeSamplingofSoilsfGeotechnicalPurposesD2113PracticefRockCeDril

11、lingSamplingofRockfSiteInvestigationD2216TestMethodsfLabatyDeterminationofWater(Moisture)ContentofSoilRockbyMassD2937TestMethodfDensityofSoilinPlacebytheDriveCylinderMethodD3740PracticefMinimumRequirementsfAgenciesEngage

12、dinTestingInspectionofSoilRockasUsedinEngineeringDesignConstructionD4428D4428MTestMethodsfCrossholeSeismicTestingD5220TestMethodfWaterMassperUnitVolumeofSoilRockInPlacebytheNeutronDepthProbeMethodD6026PracticefUsingSigni

13、ficantDigitsinGeotechnicalDataD6938TestMethodfInPlaceDensityWaterContentofSoilSoilAggregatebyNuclearMethods(ShallowDepth)3.Terminology3.1Definitions—FdefinitionsofcommontechnicaltermsinthisstardrefertoTerminologyD653.3.2

14、DefinitionsofTermsSpecifictoThisStard:1ThistestmethodisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeD18onSoilRockisthedirectresponsibilityofSubcommitteeD18.08onSpecialConstructionControlTests.CurrenteditionapprovedJuly12014.Publis

15、hedAugust2014.iginallyapprovedin1991.Lastpreviouseditionapprovedin2008asD5195–08.DOI:10.1520D519514.2FreferencedASTMstardsvisittheASTMwebsitewww.astm.gcontactASTMCustomerServiceat.FAnnualBookofASTMStardsvolumeinfmationre

16、fertothestard’sDocumentSummarypageontheASTMwebsite.3Replacewithcontinuousflighthollowstreammethodswhenavailable.ASummaryofChangessectionappearsattheendofthisstardCopyright?ASTMInternational100BarrHarbDrivePOBoxC700WestCo

17、nshohockenPA194282959.UnitedStates17.2EffectiveuserinstructionstogetherwithroutinesafetyproceduresknowledgeofcompliancewithRegulatyRequirementsareamatypartoftheoperationstageofthesegauges.8.CalibrationStardizationReferen

18、ceCheck8.1CalibratetheinstrumentinaccdancewithAnnexA1.8.2AdjustthecalibrationinaccdancewithAnnexA2ifadjustmentsarenecessary.8.3StardizationReferenceCheck:8.3.1Nucleardensitygaugesaresubjecttolongtermagingoftheradioactive

19、sourceswhichmaychangetherelationshipbetweencountratesthematerialdensity.Tocrectfthisagingeffectgaugesarecalibratedasaratioofthemeasurementcountratetoacountratemadeonareferencestard.8.3.2Stardizationofthegaugeshallbeperfm

20、edatthestartofeachday’susearecdofthesedatashouldberetainedftheamountoftimerequiredtoensurecompliancewitheither8.3.48.3.5whicheverisapplicable.Perfmthestardizationwiththegaugefarenoughawayfromotherapparatuscontainingradio

21、activesourcestopreventinterferenceduetoradiationfromtheotherapparatus.Inadditionperfmthestardizationfarenoughawayfromlargemassesotheritemswhichcanaffectthereferencecountratesduetoreflectionsfromthesemassesitems.NOTE2—Sep

22、arationofnucleargaugesbyadistanceof9m(30ft)fromoneanotherhastypicallyprovensufficientinpreventingradiationfromonegaugefrombeingdetectedbyanothergaugepotentiallycausinganincrectstardizationcount.Thisseparationcanbereduced

23、bytheproperuseofshielding.Withregardstoreflectionsfromlargemassesotheritemspotentiallycausingincrectstardizationcountsaseparationof1m(3ft)betweenthegaugethemassiteminquestionhastypicallyprovensufficienttopreventsuchrefle

24、ctionsfrominfluencingthestardizationcounts.8.3.3Turnonthegaugeallowfstabilizationaccdingtothemanufacturer’srecommendations.8.3.4Usingthereferencestardtakeatleastfourrepetitivereadingsatthenmalmeasurementperiodobtaintheme

25、an.Ifavailableonthegaugeonemeasurementatfourmetimesthenmalmeasurementperiodisacceptable.Thisconstitutesonestardizationcheck.Usetheprocedurerecommendedbythegaugemanufacturertoestablishthecomplianceofthestardmeasurementtot

26、heacceptedrange.Withoutspecificrecommendationsfromthegaugemanufacturerusetheprocedurein8.3.5.8.3.5IfthevalueofthecurrentstardizationcountisoutsidethelimitssetbyEq1repeatthestardizationcheck.Ifthesecondstardizationchecksa

27、tisfiesEq1thegaugeisconsideredinsatisfactyoperatingcondition.0.99~Nc!e2ln~2!tT12#N0#1.01~Nc!e2ln~2!tT12(1)where:T12=thehalflifeoftheisotopethatisusedfthedensitymoisturedeterminationinthegauge.Fexample137Cstheisotopemostc

28、ommonlyusedfdensitydeterminationinthesegaugesT12is11023daysNc=thestardizationcountacquiredatthetimeofthelastcalibrationverificationN0=thecurrentstardizationcountt=thetimethathaselapsedbetweenthecurrentstandardizationtest

29、thedateofthelastcalibrationverification.TheunitsedftT12shouldbeconsistentthatisifT12isexpressedindaysthentshouldalsobeexpressedindaysln()=thenaturallogarithmfunctione=thepositiverealnumberfwhichthenaturallogarithmvalueis

30、equaltoone.eitselfisequalto2.71828182845904.8.3.6Example—Anucleargaugecontaininga137Cssourcefdensitydetermination(halflife=11023days)iscalibratedonMarch1ofaspecificyear.Atthetimeofcalibrationthedensitystardcountwas2800co

31、untsperminute(prescaled).AccdingtoEq1whatistheallowedrangeofstardcountsfNovember1ofthesameyearFthisexampleatotalof245dayshaveelapsedbetweenthedateofcalibrationverification(March1)thedateofthegaugestardization(November1).

32、Therefe:t=245daysT12=11023daysNc=2800countsAccdingtoEq1therefethelowerlimitfthedensitystardcounttakenonNovember1denotedbyN0is0.99~Nc!e2~ln~2!!tT1250.99~2800!e2~ln~2!!2451102352772e20.0154152730countsLikewisetheupperlimit

33、fthedensitystardcounttakenonNovember1denotedbyN0is1.01~Nc!e2~ln~2!!tT1251.01~2800!e2~ln~2!!2451102352828e20.0154152785countsTherefethedensitystardcountacquiredonNovember1shouldliesomewherebetween27302785counts2730≤N0≤278

34、5.8.3.7Iffanyreasonthemeasureddensitybecomessuspectduringtheday’suseperfmanotherstardizationcheck.9.Procedure9.1InstallationofAccessTubing(Casing):9.1.1Drilltheaccesstubeholeinstallaccesstubeinamannerdependentuponthemate

35、rialtobetestedthedepthtobetestedtheavailabledrillingequipment.9.1.2Theaccessholemustbeclearenoughtoallowinstallingthetubeyetmustprovideasnugfit.Voidsalongsidethetubewillcauseerroneousreadings.9.1.2.1Ifvoidsaresuspectedto

36、becausedbythedrillingprocesstheycanbegroutedusingtheproceduresinTestMethodD4428D4428M.TheonlymethodtodeterminethepresenceofvoidsistoperfmfieldcalibrationsprovidedinA1.3.9.1.3Recdnotethepositionofthegroundwatertableperche

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