新視界大學(xué)英語綜合教程2 unit4ppt課件

1、,,THE ONE HAT GOT AWAY,Warming up,? Work in pairs and guess the meaning of the animal idioms.,I got the information from a source I do not want to tell you about, a secret source. (Birds have long been associated with ca

2、rrying messages and this seems to be the origin of the idiom.),The situation seemed suspicious and I did not trust her. (Fish that has begun to smell is not fresh and cannot be trusted to be safe to eat.),Warming up,Sam

3、eats a lot. (As horses eat food low in nutritional value, they have to eat a great deal of it.),They can go on talking for hours. (Cows walk home very slowly from the fields to the barn every evening.),Warming up,You lef

4、t very quietly. (Again, it is derived from the fact that mice are hunted by cats, owls and other creatures, so they move very quietly in open spaces.),It is hard to change old habits; the old do not learn new things as q

5、uickly as the young. (This is a very old saying based on fact – a sheep dog, for example, needs to be trained when young.),Warming up,The cousin is the worst member of the family, the least respectable or well-behaved. (

6、For genetic reasons, even in a flock of white sheep, preferred as the wool can be dyed various colours, black sheep are occasionally born, but are not wanted, an oddity and problem.),She revealed the secret. (One possibl

7、e origin is that dishonest people tried to sell cats in bags as pigs and any revealing of the truth would ruin the sale. Or it might come from a similar Dutch idiom about buying a cat in a bag, ie being cheated.),Warming

8、 up,Are there any similar idioms in Chinese?,? Play the lute to a cow. (對(duì)牛彈琴)? Stand by a stump waiting for more hares to come and dash themselves against it. (守株待兔)? Frog in a well (that can see only a tiny patch of s

9、ky no bigger than the mouth of the well). (井底之蛙)? An old horse knows its way. (老馬識(shí)途)? Shoot two hawks with one arrow. (similar to kill two birds with one stone) (一箭雙雕),Warming up,? Call a deer a horse. (similar to call

10、 white black, meaning turn right into wrong) (指鹿為馬)? Bring a picture of a dragon to life by putting pupils into its eyes. (add the touch that brings a work of art to life) (畫龍點(diǎn)睛)? Fox borrows the tiger’s fierceness by

11、walking in the latter’s company. (狐假虎威),Warming up,The description shows the differences in animal characteristics: birds fly around and can carry messages; bad fish smell; horses eat a lot; domesticated cows move very s

12、lowly; dogs need to be trained when young; mice are quiet to avoid being prey; black sheep were not welcome to farmers in the past.,1. To what extent do these descriptions reflect the different characters of animals?,? W

13、ork in pairs and discuss the questions.,Warming up,People do this because they think the animals actually have those characteristics. Lions seem brave as they are not afraid of any other animal, peacocks appear to be pro

14、ud as they show off their tail feathers in the mating season, and snakes seem cunning and evil because they move so silently, attack suddenly, may use poison and swallow their prey whole. Likewise ants and bees are alway

15、s busy and seem hardworking. Besides, it is a vivid and colourful way to describe people as being like animals.,2. Why do you think people use animals to reflect human characteristics?,Warming up,? Animals may see human

16、beings as dangerous, cruel, deceitful and very greedy.? Animals may comment on human intelligence, ability to cooperate and thought for the future. Many species would be surprised at the strength of family bonds among p

17、eople.,3. If animals could talk, how would they describe human beings?,Warming up,There is no reason they should not have. The idea animals and humans are completely different categories is very out-of-date. The higher m

18、ammals are very like ourselves. Chimpanzees, dolphins, elephants etc, they show all the signs of reacting emotionally as well as instinctively. It may seem harder to imagine most fish or insects have feelings.,4 Do you t

19、hink animals have feelings?,Warming up,? Look at the picture and answer the questions.,1 What are the people doing?2 What are the possible outcomes of their action?,Warming up,Watch a video clip and work in groups to sh

20、are examples of animal intelligence you know.,A dog guided a blind man 2,144 miles down the Appalachian Trail.A cat defended a sleeping infant from a deadly rattlesnake that was prepared to strike.A dolphin saved a per

21、son who was drowning at sea.A gorilla was taught to type using a special computer, so the gorilla could communicate a bit with people.,Skimming,◇ Browse the passage within 8 minutes to get a rough idea about it.◇Ans

22、wer the questions of Activity 2 and 3 on page 74.,Task,? Check (?) the true statements.,,? 1 In 2009 a Swiss fisherman caught a large fish.? 2 The fisherman cooked the fish and invited his friends to eat it with

23、him.? 3 Switzerland has strict laws which protect animals.,,Skimming,? 4 You can’t keep a pig by itself in Switzerland.? 5 You can’t keep a bird in the house in Switzerland.? 6 A lawyer paid by the state represented t

24、he fish in court.? 7 Swiss farmers think animals should be better protected by law.? 8 The fish won the case.,The true statements are 1, 3, 4 and 6.,Skimming,? Answer the questions.,1 What mistake did the fisherman ma

25、ke?,He boasted about the fish he caught to a local newspaper.,2 Why does the Swiss state provide legal aid for animals?,To protect animals from bad treatment by human. Besides, while humans can defend themselves, animals

26、 cannot.,Skimming,3 What law was introduced in 2008?,One detailing the conditions under which any species of animals should be kept.,4 What did animal rights supporters fail to do in 2010?,They failed to obtain state-fun

27、ded legal representation for all animals in Switzerland, similar to that in Zurich.,5 When were the first animal protection laws passed in Britain?,In the 17th century.,Skimming,6 What was the 18th-century debate abo

28、ut animals?,The debate about whether animals had feelings or not.,7 Which were the two main focuses of attention for animal rights groups in the 20th century?,Hunting and scientific research using animals.,8 What two rea

29、sons does the writer give to suggest that animal rights should be limited?,We cannot expect animals to fulfil obligations of any kind, and much scientific research does need animal testing.,The one that got away,譯文,Diggi

30、ng,1 Fishermen always like to tell tales about “the one that got away”, the fish which escaped from their hooks after a lengthy struggle.,,2 So, imagine a freezing day in February, and you’re on the banks of Lake Zu

31、rich in Switzerland. You’re fishing, you’ve just cast your line into the waters, and you’re waiting patiently for a fish to bite. Suddenly the rod bends and you realize that you’ve caught something fairly substantial. Fo

32、r ten minutes you battle with the fish until finally, you pull in a pike – one of those huge fish with lots of teeth – weighing ten kilos. Now, based on the not-very-scientific assumption that the uglier the fish, the be

33、tter it tastes, what would you do next?,Digging,3 You guessed it! When this happened to a Swiss fisherman in 2009, he invited a group of friends to a local restaurant, where they had a delicious lunch. He then boasted to

34、 a local newspaper how long it had taken him to land the fish. But that was a big mistake.,譯文,Digging,4 The Swiss have some of the strictest animal welfare legislation in the world, designed to protect animals from cr

35、uel treatment by humans. Fish, pigs, birds, and other social animals are not allowed to be kept alone. Horses and cows have to be allowed outside for a fixed number of hours even in winter. Dog owners are obliged to atte

36、nd special training courses and to feed their pets special dog food.,譯文,Digging,5 In fact, Zurich even has a state-funded attorney, Antoine Goetschel, who specializes in representing animals if they have been subjecte

37、d to cruelty. And when the fisherman on Lake Zurich was reported by an animal rights organization and brought to court, it was Goetschel who represented the fish.,譯文,Digging,The lawyer’s view is that there is a core prin

38、ciple of fair justice which supports his work. Animals can be, and often are, badly treated by humans. But while humans can defend themselves, often with the help of lawyers, animals cannot. Legal representation for the

39、animal acknowledges respect for its dignity.,譯文,Digging,6 In 2008, a law was passed in Switzerland, which details the conditions in which any speciesof animals should be kept. But unlike the state of Zurich, the othe

40、r 25 federal states of Switzerland don’t have animal rights lawyers. Switzerland hasa form of direct democracy, where citizens can contest new laws or vote for changes to it if there is enough collective support. A grou

41、p of animal rights supporters requested a vote, which took place in March 2010, to decide if all animals should have state-funded legal representation similar to that in Zurich.,譯文,Digging,7 Farmers were against the idea

42、. They took great care to respect the dignity of the cattle in their care. But they ran the risk of being accused of a crime simply by doing their job. Even the federal government was against it for two reasons. Firstly,

43、 the separate states of Switzerland already have a special office for animal protection. Secondly, the lawyers would be funded by the taxpayer. In the end, the proposal was rejected by 70 per cent of the voters.,譯文,Diggi

44、ng,8 Animal rights and animal welfare are not modern issues. In 17th-century England and Ireland, laws were passed to protect farm animals. In the 18th century, there was much discussion about whether animals had feel

45、ings. In the 19th century both Britain and the US created animal protection groups. Finally, in the 20th century, the animal rights movement was known for its direct action against all forms of hunting, and against scien

46、tific research establishments where animals were used for experiments.,譯文,Digging,9 Yet the counter argument is that rights also imply obligations. Although we may allow animals certain rights, we cannot expect them to

47、fulfil any obligations towards us. Furthermore, much scientific research in general, and essential medical research in particular, needs to be tested on animals.,譯文,Digging,10 But passing laws not just to protect animal

48、s but to give them legal representation is surely the most extreme position in the debate about animal rights. At the very least, the debate demonstrates a more moderate concern about the general welfare of animals in a

49、 civilized world.,譯文,Digging,11 And what about the fish and the fisherman? The Zurich state lawyer lost his case in court, and on this rare occasion, the fisherman was the one that got away.,譯文,Digging,Main idea of the

50、text,,1. The one that got away (title),It is an idiom which refers to something good that you nearly had or that nearly happened. Fishermen are seen as likely to exaggerate and “fishermen’s tales” are regarded as pretty

51、unreliable, particularly when they are about a fish that got away and was not caught. It therefore cannot be inspected as proof or otherwise of the size claimed by the fisherman.,Difficult sentences,,Difficult sentences,

52、2. You guessed it! (Line 1, Para 3),What the fisherman did is what most of us would do. It shows the writer’s attitude of sympathy towards the man who caught the pike.,,,Difficult sentences,3. Fish, pigs, birds, and othe

53、r social animals are not allowed to be kept alone. (Line 4, Para 4),social animals: animals which naturally live in groups and might suffer if kept alone,,,Difficult sentences,4. The lawyer’s view is that there is a core

54、 principle of fair justice which supports his work. (Line 7, Para 5),Mr Goetschel believes he is defending an important moral principle, that all living creatures have their own dignity and right to be well-treated. Huma

55、ns cannot just do as they wish with other species. When the way a human treats an animal falls below a certain standard, someone should speak for the animal and make sure its rights are protected.,,,Difficult sentences,5

56、. They took great care to respect the dignity of the cattle in their care. But they ran the risk of being accused of a crime simply by doing their job. (Line 1, Para 7),The farmers agreed they should treat their animals

57、well and ensure they were well-cared for. But they felt the law was going too far and that sooner or later someone would claim keeping animals on a farm was itself against their rights.,,,Difficult sentences,6. Although

58、 we may allow animals certain rights, we cannot expect them to fulfil any obligations towards us. (Line 2, Para 9),It is a philosophical or legal principle that a right also creates a duty. People who argue against the c

59、oncept of animal rights point out that animals cannot be expected to do their duty. They will act according to instinct. If therefore animals do not have duties, they cannot be said to have rights.,,,Difficult sentences,

60、7. At the very least, the debate demonstrates a more moderate concern about the general welfare of animals in a civilized world. (Line 4, Para 10),The writer expresses the opinion that whether or not one thinks animals s

61、hould receive legal representation, it is a good thing that such matters are discussed. In a civilized society the way in which animals are treated must be of concern.,,,Difficult sentences,8. The Zurich state lawyer lo

62、st his case in court, and on this rare occasion, the fisherman was the one that got away. (Line 2, Para 11),The writer closes the passage by returning to the story about the fisherman and the lawyer who took him to court

63、 for cruelty. The court did not agree and the fisherman suffered no penalty. The writer plays with the idiom “the one that got away”. However, this time it is not a fish that escapes, but the fisherman who is found innoc

64、ent by the court.,imagine,釋義,vt. to form a picture of something or someone in your mind 想象，設(shè)想（畫面）,例句,Imagine my surprise when they announced I had won!,想象一下他們宣布我獲勝的時(shí)候我有多吃驚吧！,翻譯,Words,例句,I can just imagine what the place

65、is going to look like in a few years' time.,我能想像出這個(gè)地方幾年之后會(huì)變成什么樣子。,翻譯,Can you imagine ice that does not melt and is not wet? (Jun. 1995, CET-4, Listening comprehension),真題,cast,釋義,vt. to throw a fishing line or net in

66、to the water 拋(魚鉤)；撒（網(wǎng)）,例句,I was casting my line from the shore when it got tangled with hers.,我從岸上拋漁線，卻與她的纏在一起了。,翻譯,Words,例句,Practice is needed to cast your fishing line smoothly.,你需要多訓(xùn)練才能把釣線平穩(wěn)地拋出去。,翻譯,substantial,釋義,a.

67、 large in amount or degree 數(shù)目大的; 可觀的,例句,A substantial number of houses were damaged by the floods.,大量房屋被洪水沖毀了。,翻譯,Words,例句,He made substantial progress in writing English.,他在英文寫作方面進(jìn)步顯著。,翻譯,釋義,,例句,I wish she would stop bo

68、asting about her exam results.,我真希望她別再吹噓自己的考試成績(jī)了。,翻譯,Words,v. to talk too proudly about your abilities, achievements, or possessions 夸耀；吹噓,boast,例句,She often boasts that her father is the president of the company.,她經(jīng)?？湟f